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Better Brain Implants With Ultrathin Carbon Fiber Electrodes
An anonymous reader writes "A new neural interface delicate enough not to damage nerve tissue, but resilient enough to last decades has been made. Made from a single carbon fiber and coated with chemicals, the technology is believed to be fully resistant to proteins in the brain. From the article: 'The new microthread electrode, designed to pick up signals from a single neuron as it fires, is only about 7 micrometers in diameter. That is the thinnest yet developed, and about 100 times as thin as the conventional metal electrodes widely used to study animal brains.
“We wanted to see if we could radically change implant technology,” says Takashi Kozai, a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh and the lead author on the paper, published today in the journal Nature Materials. “We want to see an electrode that lasts 70 years.”'"
Somewhere in a hot tub, Paris Hilton is screaming: "They do brain implants, now? Oh my god, I want a set of those! Oh my– call my plastic surgeon and tell him I want those. Not too big. I just had my hair done."
Woot! A start to a scifi dream come true.
Be seeing you...
I imagine that the many science fiction fans in this nerd community will remember the opening of Larry Niven's The Ringworld Engineers . The protagonist Louis Wu has given up his friends, appetite for food and water and basically his whole life, content to sit still with an electrode delivering current straight to the pleasure centre of his brain. It's the ultimate addiction. Sure, this technology will probably bring myriad benefits, but doesn't it seem like there's some disquieting potential for misuse?
The brain shifts in the skull, especially during impact.
Any rigid strong wire risks being ripped out, as the brain stretches, or doing the cheese wire thing.
Cheesewired brain is bad.
Not to burst anyone's sci-fi bubble, but 7 microns is really more of an incremental improvement in terms of size. In our lab we already use 12 micron wire on a regular basis, but honestly we use 25 or 50 micron wire more often: larger diameter wire equals better signal quality from lower resistance. Impedance of neural electrodes is usually on the order of 10^4 ohms, you don't want to go much higher unless you really enjoy getting miserable signal-to-noise ratios. And if you can't get a signal, it doesn't matter how good your coating is or how much residual damage might be caused.
In terms of the long-term argument, they're going to need prove recording durability for longer than 6 weeks if this is really going to work. 6 weeks is impressive, but nowhere near the decades-long durability the summary is talking about.
In order to listen to a neuron for long, or help people control a prosthetic as they do a natural limb, the electrodes need to be able to survive for years in the brain without doing significant damage. With only six weeks of testing, the team couldn’t say for sure how the electrode would fare in the long term, but the results were promising. "Typically, we saw a peak in immune response at two weeks, then by three weeks it subsided, and by six weeks it had already stabilized."
The electrode has to last for years (the summary says they're shooting for 70), but they only have six weeks of successful testing. The acute rejection subsided, but it could become a chronic, repeated rejection. With artificial hearts, acute rejection is most likely to occur in the first 3 to 6 months. Six weeks seems like a short time for this. Obviously the brain is a very different organ, but part of the reason they're pursuing this is because science knows far less about the brain than it does the heart.
As lab animal sensor technology, it's interesting. As a *stimulator* technology, it's fairly pointless. The current spread has to be enough to actually trigger nearby nodes of Ranvier for myelinated, or to stimulate significant physical areas of myelinated nerves. And stimulating them directly, electrically, requires enough charge deposited to cause hydrolisis around sych fine electrodes. Unless you can magically get the electrodes by the nodes of Ranvier, and *keep* them there or encourage the nodes to keep reforming there for the life of the electrode, you're screwed.
Oh, and *forget* ever doing an MRI on someone with these in their nerves. The likelihood of forming loops in such fine fibers is very high, and they *will* couple electromagnetically to the MRI, with big pulses of current going around the loops and both thermally cooking and mechanically yanking their way around the brain tissue when the MRI pulses.
Boss: So how are things going down here Greeves?
Greeves: Oh, hi Boss, we've had a breakthrough- we got it down to 1mm thin!
Boss: Not bad for a start, Greeves, but you know the investors won't be satisfied until it's 100 times as thin. How long till it's 100mm?
...omphaloskepsis often...
We applied the carbon fiber electrodes, but were unable to get a neural response from either patient.
I am officially gone from
That's just it, though. These aliens are suffering from crippling anachronisms and logical inconsistencies—both common side effects of my-species-can-be-described-in-25-words-or-less syndrome. And that is why we're so interesting to them. In the words of their lead researcher, Valium Beta 9000:
Humans don't realize how unique they are in the universe. Their society is complex and vibrant, and, alone among all others, doesn't feel like it was hastily thrown together by a science fiction writer short on ideas. We study them because we have so much to learn from them, to fix our own surprisingly obvious flaws:
The Zenzu, for instance, have the genetic inability to change their minds about anything. This is a surprisingly widespread trait in the universe.
The Inixicai developed incredible shields to to shrug off attacks from the most powerful energy weapons, but their defenses were completely useless against matter-based weapons like guided missiles and small thrown rocks. It seemed a small oversight, but sadly they greatly underestimated the amount of physical matter in the universe.
The 0110—alas, the 0110. Their entire race self-destructed when they were presented with an illogical argument.
So you see, Humans really have no idea how special they are. And they must never know, because we're supposed to destroy them. And steal their women. Or something. Sorry, what were we talking about again?
How can I believe you when you tell me what I don't want to hear?
Assuming you do it correctly, you should be able to twiddle the brain's reward systems so as to produce sensations more pleasurable and fulfilling than any lesser stimulus.
That sounds like one of the myriad benefits, to me...
Depends on your definition of "correctly". Based on the rest of your comment then perhaps the Olds' experiments with rats would be ideal:
I'm libertarian, so I believe it would be your right to choose to pay to implant something like this if you were to make a fully informed, mentally competent decision to do so.
However, I wouldn't want this: every other addiction has some form of intrinsic rate-limiting effect; be it passing out/hangovers for alcohol, male refractory periods for sex, dopamine receptor changes for cocaine, etc, etc. The "correct" implementation of something like this would have no such impediment to instant, ultimate junkie status.