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TSA (Finally) Studying Health Effects of Body Scanners

An anonymous reader writes "A 2011 ProPublica series found that the TSA had glossed over the small cancer risk posed by its X-ray body scanners at airports across the country. While countries in Europe have long prohibited the scanners, the TSA is just now getting around to studying the health effects." I'm not worried; the posters and recorded announcements at the airport say these scanners raise no health concerns.

44 of 225 comments (clear)

  1. This is a distraction from the real issue. by InvisibleClergy · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The real issue with these was never the health effects. That was just an extra thing that privacy advocates tossed in there to lend additional weight to their arguments. The primary argument against these things is the fact that they are a violation of privacy. Arguing the health issue just weakens objections, when it gets defeated.

    1. Re:This is a distraction from the real issue. by somersault · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Personally I don't care about that kind of "privacy". I'd say the time I stopped caring was around the time I lost my virginity. I do care about getting cancer though.

      --
      which is totally what she said
    2. Re:This is a distraction from the real issue. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I can't speak for everyone, but personally I value my lack of cancer more than I do my privacy.

    3. Re:This is a distraction from the real issue. by Joce640k · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Well, that's OK then. So long as YOU don't care, neither should anybody else.

      The rape victims, the sexually assaulted, the people with any sort of problem should just get over it, right?

      --
      No sig today...
    4. Re:This is a distraction from the real issue. by shentino · · Score: 2

      Sounds like a strawman plant.

    5. Re:This is a distraction from the real issue. by Microlith · · Score: 5, Insightful

      It's more than that. It's a blatant violation of the 4th Amendment. They have no good reason to search so invasively each and every person in this country who flies. There's no basis for them to believe that every person is a possible terrorist. It's just a blatant, idiotic expansion of powers and a jobs program for the terminally unemployable so jackasses can stand behind the metal detectors and look like they're important.

      The TSA has accomplished precisely shit in the entirety of its existence. It's successfully engaged in mission creep as it starts doing things for the DEA and whatnot, and managed to violate the dignity of a growing number of people. I have no respect for anyone that works for the TSA, on both a professional and personal level.

    6. Re:This is a distraction from the real issue. by blueg3 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      There are problems with many of the arguments against the scanners.
      The medical danger should be a concern to everyone, but evidence suggests that the danger is negligible (though possibly nonzero).
      The privacy danger is patently obvious and verifiable (though sometimes overstated), but it's just not a concern to many.
      The cost-benefit argument has the problem that the "benefit" can be very difficult to accurately measure and the government may choose not to disclose data about whether the devices are beneficial. (This is, regardless, the argument I prefer.)

      That's not to say there are no problems with arguments for the scanners. At the very least (the very least), it makes sense to use the microwave scanners over the X-ray backscatter. The medical danger is known to be zero, which is even better than the backscatter's best-case of "is probably zero". Even if they're less effective, we don't seem to be relying on either system to be particularly effective.

    7. Re:This is a distraction from the real issue. by Joce640k · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Don't you think you should care about both of those things even if one of them doesn't particularly bother YOU, personally?

      --
      No sig today...
    8. Re:This is a distraction from the real issue. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

      As others have said, I'll believe that the cancer risk is hypothetical or neglegible, but ONLY if every scanner must go through the same rigorous requirements needed for any other medical x-ray machine to be certified.

      As it stands, they're built by the lowest bidder (or whoever happens to be related to someone high up in the TSA, which is possibly even worse, since they're likely corrupt as hell too). So while they're *supposed* to put out X amount of radiation, I'd like to know that it's literally an physical impossibility that it can ever put out 5X or 500X radiation due to cutting corners or poor design.

      Until those are done, I'll consider the cancer risk of those to potentially be the same as the Shoe-fitting fluoroscope. Because seriously, who's telling me they're safe right now? The people that are extremely biased towards, and have the vast majority of their existence based on, the scanners being safe, after being built by the lowest common denominator.

    9. Re:This is a distraction from the real issue. by loneDreamer · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The medical danger should be a concern to everyone, but evidence suggests that the danger is negligible (though possibly nonzero).

      But, ironically, bigger than the terrorism risk it's designed to prevent. Apart from the rest of your opinion, which I share, it also feels incredibly stupid to spend trucks of money to actually INCREASE my risk, especially given the economic circumstances and alternatives.

      And I'm not even considering that how efficient the scanners are in preventing the terrorism risk in general, which I deem next to zero too. So all things considered, you spend a lot, hazzle and disrespect people considerably, step over privacy rights, don't prevent much and end up adding a new, bigger risk. Fucking brilliant!

    10. Re:This is a distraction from the real issue. by aaarrrgggh · · Score: 2

      The homicide rate in the US is about 5/100,000, so making a whole lot of sweeping assumptions, you would expect to see 9 homicides per year in airports and on airplanes past the security checkpoints. There are about 330 primary airports, so maybe 1,000 checkpoints active on average. That gives each checkpoint a 1% chance of finding a "bad guy" per year.

      If on the other hand, you did absolutely no security screening, what would the mortality rate be? Let's just say there were just police officers walking around the airport. Statistically, one plane will go down every ~15 years. Add in metal detectors, and the rate likely is cut in half. Check for boarding passes and you likely drop it in half again. I don't think full body cavity searches is going to provide much in the way of marginal security improvements.

    11. Re:This is a distraction from the real issue. by loneDreamer · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I did find this talk some time ago: http://www.ted.com/talks/marc_goodman_a_vision_of_crimes_in_the_future.html. It's interesting in noticing that security is almost impossible as damaging is much easier than preventing damage. The problem with terrorist is that little can actually be done to stop it. As it was recently proved, a single person with a gun can shock the world. Do that 10 times in random locations and see what happens... hell, I can think of many ways to create terror myself, without trying much.

      I read somewhere that one of Bin Laden's objectives was to make the US spend 1 millon for each dolar that they spent. It is guerrilla warfare, it's all they've got, and they have been extremely successful at it. The values and way of life the US people were so proud about are gone. The millions were spent and continue to be. Sadly, the root of the issue it that, bared some reasonable efforts, the only way to fight terror is by enduring it and not being scared. Luckily, very few people are actually determined to do real damage and cause pain.

    12. Re:This is a distraction from the real issue. by radtea · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The problem with terrorist is that little can actually be done to stop it.

      The much, much bigger problem is that there are a small number of people who are getting very rich selling the illusion that they can do something to stop it. If it wasn't for the opportunities to funnel money into the pockets of unproductive generators of dead-weight losses in the security/industrial complex terrorism would simply be a minor nuisance, akin to traffic accidents.

      It is the quislings who make terrorism so problematic.

      --
      Blasphemy is a human right. Blasphemophobia kills.
  2. The hypocrisy just keeps getting worse. by BMOC · · Score: 4, Funny

    ...In context with Fukushima and a non-polluting energy source: RADIATION BAD!

    ...In context with police state enabling technology: RADIATION GOOD!

    --
    I swear they give me mod points to shut me up.
    1. Re:The hypocrisy just keeps getting worse. by jwinterm · · Score: 5, Informative

      Hate to rain on your parade, but gamma rays and x-rays are both just photons. What do you mean they're not the same thing? They're exactly the same thing, they just originate from different parts of the atom.

    2. Re:The hypocrisy just keeps getting worse. by shentino · · Score: 4, Informative

      Nuclear radiation IS electromagnetic radiation.

      That's what photons ARE, packets of electromagnetic impulses.

      Gamma rays just happen to have higher frequencies than microwaves or radio waves, but fundamentally they are both light.

    3. Re:The hypocrisy just keeps getting worse. by blueg3 · · Score: 2

      ...In context with Fukushima and a non-polluting energy source: RADIATION BAD!

      In the context of nuclear power, "radiation" really is referring to radioactive isotopes and potentially-large quantities of high-energy electromagnetic radition, alpha rays, and beta rays. In the context of a nuclear accident like Fukushima, it more is referring to the uncontrolled dispersal of radioactive isotopes (which are toxic independent of their radioactivity) and the uncontrolled release of very large quantities of mostly high-energy electromagnetic radiation.

      ...In context with police state enabling technology: RADIATION GOOD!

      In the context of backscatter X-ray scanners, "radiation" is referring to controlled exposure to a known and very small quantity of relatively low-energy (but still ionizing) electromagnetic radiation.

      As another example: In context with cell phones: RADIATION MAYBE BAD?

      In the context of cell phones, "radiation" is generally referring to controlled exposure to a measurable and limited (but highly variable) quantity of low-energy, non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation.

      It turns out "radiation" is used in a technical context to refer to a lot of things -- to the point that it should not be used along in a technical context. In a casual context, it's used to refer to an even broader set of things -- to the point that "radiation" does not help clarify the situation (though it may serve to incite a reaction) unless you know a priori what kind of radiation you're talking about.

      Hunh. Who would've thought: context does matter!

    4. Re:The hypocrisy just keeps getting worse. by TCQuad · · Score: 4, Funny

      Radiation for all!
      Boooo!
      Very well, no radiation for anyone!
      Boooo!
      Hmm... Radiation for some, miniature American flags for others!
      Yaaaay!

    5. Re:The hypocrisy just keeps getting worse. by rwise2112 · · Score: 2

      Nuclear radiation IS electromagnetic radiation.

      That's what photons ARE, packets of electromagnetic impulses.

      Gamma rays just happen to have higher frequencies than microwaves or radio waves, but fundamentally they are both light.

      To be pedantic, actually nuclear radiation comes in three types: gamma, alpha, and beta radiation. Only gamma radiation is EM, the others are particle decays.

      --

      "For every expert, there is an equal and opposite expert"
    6. Re:The hypocrisy just keeps getting worse. by ajlitt · · Score: 2

      Chance of measurable increased exposure to ionizing cosmic rays once the plane is at altitude: 100%

    7. Re:The hypocrisy just keeps getting worse. by Muad'Dave · · Score: 2

      a Beta particle is free neutron

      Beta is a free electron, not a neutron. As the GP said, X-Rays and gamma rays are both electromagnetic in nature.

      --
      Tiller's Rule: Never use a word in written form that you've only heard and never read. You will end up looking foolish.
    8. Re:The hypocrisy just keeps getting worse. by hawguy · · Score: 2

      But the wavelength and penetrance is substantially different - we know an awful lot about the radiation exposure associated with flying. We know less about the effects of the radiation exposure from the backscatter scanners

      That's not really true. Mostly what we know a lot about is the damage caused by particular radioisotopes, some sources of X-rays, and nuclear accidents. The rest is modeled. X-ray backscatter scanners emit a measured amount of X-rays at a known frequency that's well within the realm of what we know about.

      I'm no radiation expert, but when a group of PhD's and MD's who *are* radiation experts have concerns about the machines, then I have concerns:

      http://www.npr.org/assets/news/2010/05/17/concern.pdf

      The X-ray dose from these devices has often been compared in the media to the cosmic
      ray exposure inherent to airplane travel or that of a chest X-ray. However, this
      comparison is very misleading: both the air travel cosmic ray exposure and chest Xrays
        have much higher X-ray energies and the health consequences are appropriately
      understood in terms of the whole body volume dose. In contrast, these new airport
      scanners are largely depositing their energy into the skin and immediately adjacent
      tissue, and since this is such a small fraction of body weight/vol, possibly by one to two
      orders of magnitude, the real dose to the skin is now high.

      This letter was written almost 3 years ago, have any of their concerns been addressed?

  3. Re:Let me guess by Joce640k · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Says who? Do you have hard info on this type of radiation?

    If the machines only give one person in 100 million cancer, they're still more dangerous then the terrorism they're supposed to be preventing.

    (Which they aren't...terrorists can put the C4 up their asses...)

    --
    No sig today...
  4. Study should be done outside its influence by BrendaEM · · Score: 5, Insightful

    These scanners should have to go through the same FDA approval process as any medical device. People are putting their kids in there.
    If the odds of getting cancer from the scanners in their lifetime is 1: 1,000,000 then 1.5 people will get cancer from them--every day!

    We cannot suspend our judgement just because there are terrorists in the world and money to be made.

    --
    https://www.youtube.com/c/BrendaEM
    1. Re:Study should be done outside its influence by shentino · · Score: 2

      This is nothing more than the strong oppressing the weak.

      The weak being passengers and the strong being the feds.

      I point out that the feds have put the TSA with a gun held to air commerce since everyone who boards a plane has to go through them.

      So the TSA naturally feels no obligation to not abuse their power.

      Since passengers don't have a choice, they have no leverage to resist it.

      Add to this non refundable airline tickets and you have passengers locked in for abuse even before they arrive at the airport.

    2. Re:Study should be done outside its influence by eviljav · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Then, in the span of about 5 years, these scanners will have caused cancer in a greater number of people than the number of people killed by terrorists on 9/11/2001?

  5. Re:Let me guess by Rob+the+Bold · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Says who? Do you have hard info on this type of radiation?

    GP is suggesting that the TSA study will back up whatever the TSA wants it to. Almost as if it's a foregone conclusion. Almost like they're gonna deliberately fudge the results. See?

    --
    I am not a crackpot.
  6. This should not be an issue by cellocgw · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Forget whether or not there are scanners. The real issue is whether or not there should be a TSA at all. There's no evidence that the $BIGNUM dollars spent has done anything whatsoever to stop or dissuade terrorist in-flight attacks.
    I'd suggest to the libertarians, Repubs, and other "personal liberty small government invisible hand of capitalism" folks that airline security should be the responsibility of the airlines themselves. I'd choose a "walk-on no problem" vendor over a "scan, remove your clothes, and provide a blood sample" vendor every time.

    --
    https://app.box.com/WitthoftResume Code: https://github.com/cellocgw
    1. Re:This should not be an issue by pluther · · Score: 2
      There are some ways of studying the effects.

      For example, the FAA routinely tries to smuggle fake guns and bombs onto airplanes to see how many get through.

      Last I heard, that number had not changed significantly since TSA was started.

      One number that has gone up significantly since TSA took over is amount of theft from luggage and at baggage screening points. As I recall, laptop thefts went up over 1000% between 2000 - 2005.

      But, major terrorist attacks - yeah, it's hard to measure changes in something that happens on the average once every twenty years.

      --
      If the masses can keep you down, you're not the Ubermensch.
    2. Re:This should not be an issue by mdielmann · · Score: 2

      There are other options. Examine countries with similar foreign policies and dissimilar airport security policies, and see which has a greater rate of captured terrorists, and which has more terrorist attempts. Of course, there just aren't a lot of countries with similar policies to the US, but there are a few countries with a similar policy by the terrorists, a prime one being Israel. So, what does Israel do to get their rates with dealing with terrorism, and why doesn't the US follow that 40-year practice instead of constantly reacting to a single threat that evaded their system?

      --
      Sure I'm paranoid, but am I paranoid enough?
  7. Prediction: by SuricouRaven · · Score: 2

    Either the report will be completed, but in large part classified leading to conspiracy theories.
    Or the report will say no hazard, but no-one is going to believe this because they do not trust the TSA to be truthful.

  8. Re:Let me guess by vlm · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Says who? Do you have hard info on this type of radiation?

    I do. If you really want result "X" and you are willing to pay a lot of money to someone to produce a report that looks like they did something science-y that co-incidentally matches the conclusions you were looking for, and you make it perfectly clear they'll never get another penny from their sole source of research funding (the fedgov) then yeah, I think I can predict the result.

    Same thing as tobacco companies reporting their stuff is safe, or pretty much every pharmaceutical (coincidentally, most of them almost accidentally happen to be safe), etc etc. Even "x% of dentists prefer Y brand toothpaste".

    The only real question is how psuedo-science-y it'll be. Will they play the natl security card and not release any data other than "I've got a PHD, trust me" or will they take the different track of contracting out to a subsidiary of the machine mfgr, or will they have the good taste to at least distance themselves into hiring the CEO's brother in law, or will they go the bribery track and the guy who plays along gets a plum job at the mfgr "safety scientist" or some BS next year ... what exact form of corruption will they use is the only question, not will it be corrupt or not.

    The funniest part is the journalist filter is calling them x-ray scanners but I'm guessing the actual report is THz scanners. Xrays see thru things, THz sees thru things, therefore a dumbass would assume they must be the same.

    --
    "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
  9. Re:Not just airport scanners by vlm · · Score: 2

    Not to mention the frequency range is about 6 to 10 orders of magnitude lower... Its not relevant beyond the "I don't understand therefore I'm scared, and I don't want to understand, so you do the math" level.

    --
    "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
  10. Re:Capitalisim [sic] by Vainglorious+Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    They're a cash grab for scanner makers, who are politically connected to the TSA.

    eg Michael Chertoff, former Homeland Security secretary who shilled hard on the "need" to install full-body scanners, then later acknowledged that his consulting agency had a client that manufactured the machines. That is the kind of corruption one would expect in a third world tinpot dictatorship.

    --
    My next sig will be ready soon, but subscribers can beat the rush
  11. strange side effect by slashmydots · · Score: 2

    Maybe they'll even discover why everyone who steps into one gets a strong urge to punch the operator of it and most others within a 10 foot radius. It must be some kind of brain wave-interfering radiation, lol.

  12. Photon is photn is photon by aepervius · · Score: 2

    All those radiation are in the same "nature" they are electromagnetic radiation, or better called photon. They differs in *energy* and thus in effect. Simplifying, Microwave will excite barely rotational level in molecules, Infra red is akin to vibrational levels in structure/molecules, and short infrared/color/UV is electron excitation from an outter shell level to another. Xray more or less is excitation from the inner core shell level. Gamma is even more, can only be gotten IIRC thru nuclear reactions. But they are the same in nature, only the different energy level and the quantic nature of matter make the effect different.

    --
    C. Sagan : A demon haunted world:
    http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0345409469/
    visit randi.org
  13. Re:scanner = 13 uW cm^2; cell = 100 mW cm^2 by SecurityGuy · · Score: 5, Informative

    Frequency matters. I can sit in front of my IR heat dish and dump watts/cm^2 into my body and get no effect other than pleasant warmth. When you start talking about ionizing radiation, that is individual photons that are energetic enough to knock electrons off atoms, you get effects that you'll never see simply by dumping energy into a volume.

    I'm not bothering to look up what radiation these scanners use, merely pointing out that comparing watts is not what you want to be doing.

  14. Re:Think of the dangers of plane rides by vlm · · Score: 2

    Average radiation exposure is much higher for pilots than the maximum allowed for nuclear plant workers.
    Cancer rates are obviously not linear with dosage, and the level is none the less low enough that its unlikely to show an increase.
    You can google, by yourself, for numerous studies.

    --
    "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
  15. Re:scanner = 13 uW cm^2; cell = 100 mW cm^2 by vlm · · Score: 2

    I'm not bothering to look up what radiation these scanners use, merely pointing out that comparing watts is not what you want to be doing.

    I'm no tinfoil hatter, and there's a lot more to safety than merely peak power, and there are serious differences in primary input power vs output power aka efficiency, but there's a pretty obvious argument where if you quote the giant machine thats wired to a wall socket 30 amp 440 3-phase ckt as being 4 orders of magnitude lower power than a cellphone that runs for days off a tiny little battery, something is wrong with the numbers beyond simple comparison of wattage.

    Also uW/cm figures start approaching the radio-telescope and cosmic background radiation range, like someone accidentally gave you a noise level instead of a signal level figure. Unless you cheat and use lots of attenuators, its kinda hard to make an intentional radiator at that low of a level. A couple microwatts per cm equivalent is a pretty well tempest shielded faraday cage device, for example. I used to have access to a cage like that along with an array of spectrum analyzers, standardized antennas/horns, etc. I'm sure the cheapie dell I'm in front of here emits more interference than double digit uW per cm of surface, for example.

    --
    "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
  16. For what it's worth by Gordo_1 · · Score: 2

    I travel every other week between LAX and SFO and both airports have removed the backscatter machines from security checkpoints I use. In addition to standard metal detectors, you will still find the older millimeter wave machines (the ones that give a simple red or green indicator) in some places.

    It's nice not to have to go through the "opt out" groping routine on a regular basis any longer.

  17. Ok, but you have the core facts wrong. by Gordo_1 · · Score: 4, Informative

    Up until a couple months ago, there were *both* backscatter X-Ray machines and millimeter wave machines in use in US airports. The backscatter X-Ray machines WERE NOT properly tested and WERE deployed FIRST. They're undoing that mistake now by removing the backscatter machines (at least from the airport checkpoints I frequent.)

    I heard that the backscatter machines were being relegated to smaller airports, but I have no firsthand knowledge of that situation.

  18. Study is useless... by ChilyWily · · Score: 2

    So long as the people who make these part of the "Law" and yet are never subject to it themselves, nothing will change. The day they see their children or loved ones or themselves get cancer or suffer to a state mandated molestation, or even if they simply have to take off their shoes and catch a foot fungus, that's the day when this crap will stop. Until then, who cares... this will always be so, and incremental, meaningless studies will be done to give the impression that the people who purport to represent us, "care". Sorry to sound jaded, but the current Executive, Legislative and Judiciary are the worst ever.

  19. TSA & Gun Control by assertation · · Score: 5, Insightful

    One guy, over 10 years ago, makes a failed shoe bombing attempt so the Republicans make all of us take off our shoes whenever we get on an airplane.

    One guy successfully guns down almost all 30 people and they will not pass one law regulating guns.

    1. Re:TSA & Gun Control by Jason+Levine · · Score: 3, Funny

      Guns don't kill people, shoes kill people?

      On the other hand, let's just be glad they didn't go the "shoe bomber reaction" route when the underwear bomber struck. Though requiring everyone strip naked to get through the line *would* be a quick way to get the TSA's requirements looked at closely.

      --
      My sci-fi novel, Ghost Thief, is now available from Amazon.com.