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Newest Gov't Tracking Threat: Cell-Site Data Without a Warrant

An anonymous reader writes "Earlier this year, the Supreme Court put an end to warrantless GPS tracking. Now, federal prosecutors are trying to get similar data from a different source. A U.S. District Judge has ruled that getting locational data from cell towers in order to track suspects is just fine. '[Judge Huvelle] sidestepped the Fourth Amendment argument and declined to analyze whether the Supreme Court's ruling in Jones' case has any bearing on whether cell-site data can be used without a warrant. Instead, she focused on a doctrine called the "good-faith exemption," in which evidence is not suppressed if the authorities were following the law at the time. The data in Jones' case was coughed up in 2005, well before the Supreme Court's ruling on GPS. "The court, however, need not resolve this vexing question of Fourth Amendment jurisprudence, since it concludes that the good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule applies," (.PDF) she wrote. ... With that, prosecutors are legally in the clear to use Jones’ phone location records without a warrant.'"

28 of 107 comments (clear)

  1. She's right, of course. by John+Hasler · · Score: 5, Insightful

    And therefor her ruling is irrelevant to cases in which the tower data was acquired since the Supreme Court GPS ruling.

    --
    Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.
    1. Re:She's right, of course. by SirGarlon · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I read TFS the same way. If we're right, I certainly don't see how this counts as a "new" threat as the headline says, since the good-faith exemption only applies to old cases.

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      [Sir Garlon] is the marvellest knight that is now living, for he destroyeth many good knights, for he goeth invisible.
    2. Re:She's right, of course. by Hatta · · Score: 5, Interesting

      If and only if the SCOTUS ruling on GPS tracking applies to cell phone tracking. In the GPS tracking ruling, the police physically affixed a GPS tracker to the exterior of the suspects vehicle without a warrant. With cell phones, you voluntarily carry the bug. That's a significant difference which might make the GPS ruling inapplicable.

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      Give me Classic Slashdot or give me death!
    3. Re:She's right, of course. by Obfuscant · · Score: 2

      It shall be presumed wrong for government to gain access to anything without a warrant until argued otherwise.

      Really? They can't look at you without a warrant? They can't get security camera tapes from a bank that was held up without a warrant? They can't gain access to information about who is driving your car without a warrant? I think it should be presumed there are lots of things a government can get access to without a warrant.

      If one were setting up a nation, isn't hat what you'd do?

      That might be what I'd do were I setting up a nation today, but we're talking about one that has already been set up. One that includes the word "unreasonable" in connection with searches and seizures, and then limited even more by the clause "person, houses, papers and effects". The word "unreasonable" doesn't mean "any and all", and it would be interesting to argue that a cell phone company data record is a "person, house, paper, or effect".

      The second part of that amendment which talks about Warrants, doesn't say that warrants shall be required before the government gains "access to anything", it delineates what must happen for a warrant, when required, to be issued.

      In this specific instance, the ruling was about data obtained before SCOTUS ruled on GPS, which is the only reason there is any clarity about GPS, and only provides a glimmer of clarity on cell phone usage data. For instance, one major difference is that GPS tracking data from a law enforcement installed GPS device is involuntary; tracking by your cell phone company is both necessary for them to provide the service you have asked them to provide to you and voluntary in that you carry the device of your own free will.

      I'd say that were the government to slip a cell phone into your effects so that they could track you not by the GPS but by the cell phone signals, that would clearly be a violation of the constitution because it would be nearly identical to the existing GPS decisions. But you carrying a device voluntarily that requires other people to track you, that's a different situation entirely.

    4. Re:She's right, of course. by BitterOak · · Score: 2

      If and only if the SCOTUS ruling on GPS tracking applies to cell phone tracking. In the GPS tracking ruling, the police physically affixed a GPS tracker to the exterior of the suspects vehicle without a warrant. With cell phones, you voluntarily carry the bug. That's a significant difference which might make the GPS ruling inapplicable.

      Exactly. If you're going somewhere you don't want to be tracked, you can always turn your cellphone off. But a hidden GPS tracking device attached to your car by police is harder to turn off.

      --
      If I can be modded down for being a troll, can I be modded up for being an orc, or a balrog?
  2. Re:The moral of the story is... by gstoddart · · Score: 4, Insightful

    If you want to be a drug dealer or engage in other criminal activity, don't broadcast your location to the rest of the world with your cellphone.

    No, the moral of the story is that if you think you are covered by the 4th amendment, and that you're not living in a surveillance society ... you're wrong.

    Your government will spy on you without a warrant, whenever they like.

    This is all of the stuff we used to joke about "papers please" where only the evil communist bastards would do such a thing. Only now, it's accepted as perfectly normal and legal.

    --
    Lost at C:>. Found at C.
  3. Good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule by girlinatrainingbra · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule: means that as long as the police thought that they had a valid warrant, their behavior is acceptable and that such illegally obtained evidence may be presented rather than excluded. But the point of the exclusionary rule is to stop police/prosecutor misconduct by not rewarding inappropriate behavior. A good faith exception means you can be sneaky and side-step the law by having a detective obtain a search warrant in bad faith (by providing or proclaming certain facts which are known to be untrue) and then by having separate police officers "act in good faith" by carrying out that warrant.
    .
    Why is it that for civilians/non-law-officers the concept is "ignorance of the law is no excuse"? Police instead get the "well as long as you intended/meant to do good, it's alright..." Regular people are held to the letter of the law even if they are not aware of the existence of the law. Why should police/detectives/prosecutors be rewarded for gaming the system or for an illegal search warrant? [warning, IANAL and this post strongly follows the story line of something from Law and Order about one or two years ago... :>) ]

    1. Re:Good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule by __aajgon4133 · · Score: 5, Informative

      This is not actually true. If the warrant in your example was obtained based on a deliberate deception it would be invalid and the evidence from the search would not come in. If what you suggest was the case, there would be basically no point to the exclusionary rule since the police could freely lie in affidavits and have the warrants (or at least the evidence obtained from their execution) upheld.

      The good faith exception is easy to apply if you consider the purpose of the exclusionary rule. The exclusionary rule exists to deter unlawful police conduct.

      Consider the situation where the police request a warrant in good faith, and it is issued by a detached and neutral magistrate. On appeal, the affidavit is found to lack probable cause. Should the evidence be suppressed? The Supreme Court says no, because the police acted in complete good faith. There was no misconduct involved and applying the exclusionary rule in situations like this would not further its purpose since there is no unlawful conduct to deter. This is the proper application of the good faith exception.

      By contrast, excluding evidence obtained by lying in an affidavit for a warrant would have a very pronounced effect on reducing unlawful behavior by the police. Thus, no good faith exception for your dishonest detective. (Actually, he may be looking at a perjury prosecution.)

      Law school ruined Law and Order for me. My wife can't stand me explaining why everything on the show is wrong. Also she hates it when I yell "Objection!!" at the screen every few minutes during the second half of the show.

  4. Current Trend by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    This has been going on for years in law enforcement. For a minimal fee, agencies or officers fax a request or use an online-portal to access the requested information from the provider...all without a warrant. Info that is commonly available is tower data, phone calls, texts, tapping, and a "special request" section. This is all given up to an officer without a warrant. All major cellular carriers participate.

    1. Re:Current Trend by Obfuscant · · Score: 2
      Yes, and lives have been (and could have been) saved by this.

      The Shue family lost in southern Oregon is an example, which is also the reason why it happens more often. Family lost in the snow while taking a shortcut. Husband dead. IIRC the wife and two kids were rescued. He died because he left them to try to find help.

      A cell tech in California saw the news and thought "if they have a cell phone, I bet we can find them from tower data", and pushed his bosses to allow it.

      It's now one of the first things done in any lost person situation. It saves not only the lives of the lost people, but the time and lives of people who risk theirs going out to search for them.

    2. Re:Current Trend by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 2

      "People who get lost in the wilderness are usually not in a municipality with an office full of prosecutors who can draft up warrant requests and then find the only judge for the county to sign it."

      That hardly matters, since it isn't people in the wilderness who will be going out to find them. It will be those people in that office (or one near it), putting on warm clothes and getting out their snowmobiles.

      Further, people lost in the wilderness are seldom within range of cell phone reception.

      "What jeopardy does getting this information put someone in?"

      The jeopardy is if the people in question are actually NOT lost in the wilderness. Authorities will have obtained location data on an innocent (and not endangered) party. That may not be a big deal to you, but it is to me.

      Whenever you give authorities the power to do something without oversight, it WILL eventually be abused. It always has been.

  5. Did anyone actually read TFA? by drdread66 · · Score: 2

    This isn't a case of a judge just tossing out the 4th Amendment. The situation is that the cops had a court order allowing them to grab the location data from the cell towers. It wasn't a warrant, but IANAL and I don't really understand what the difference is between the two. At any rate, the courts knew what the police wanted, and gave them the go-ahead.

    What the judge did in this case is duck the 4th Amendment issue completely, and seemingly intentionally. She ruled that since the cops had a court order, they were entitled to grab & use the cell data. It's clear that she didn't want to wade into the 4th-A discussion, preferring to punt that to another court -- quite possibly the supremes.

    If the cops had gotten a "warrant" to get this data, I doubt anyone in the press (or on /.) would be interested in this case. So now we're down to arguing over whether a "court order" is different enough from a "warrant" to be worth putting on our Big Brother war paint.

    1. Re:Did anyone actually read TFA? by EmagGeek · · Score: 3, Informative

      The difference is that a court order need still comply with the 4th Amendment. A court order is not a warrant.

      A warrant is a specific legal document with a specific legal purpose - to allow government to set aside your right to be secure in your person, papers, and effects, when there is probable cause to believe you have committed a crime; and with the express purpose of allowing that right to be set aside only for the express purposes outlined in the warrant - to search a specific place for a specific thing.

      Even a warrant that says "law enforcement can search this house for any evidence of any crime" is non-compliant. A warrant must outline specifically the place to be searched and the things to be seized. Any evidence not specifically called out on the warrant may not be seized, and if it is, may not be admitted as evidence.

      A court order is simply a mandate from a judge that a particular party do a particular thing. A judge cannot order a person or company to violate the rights of a third party, as a means to circumvent the protections in the bill of rights (although this is the latest modus operandi from our criminal government).

  6. Re:The moral of the story is... by gstoddart · · Score: 2

    The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

    The people who wrote the constitution may not have conceived of warrantless tapping of cell phone towers, but I'm not convinced of the interpretations which say "well, they didn't say cell phone towers so it's OK".

    In terms of what they knew about, I'd say this falls under "papers and effects". And then there's the need for probable cause.

    --
    Lost at C:>. Found at C.
  7. Re:The moral of the story is... by CanHasDIY · · Score: 3, Insightful

    4th amendment is no intrusion in your home and some private property like a car or boat along with having the content of your phone conversations private

    Bullshit:

    The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

    Nowhere does it state that the right to be free from search and seizure without warrant only applies in your own home or on private property, and only an absolute fucking moron (or government shill) would think otherwise.

    Thank $deity that you don't get to decide my rights.

    --
    An enigma, wrapped in a riddle, shrouded in bacon and cheese
  8. What DOES require a warrant anymore? by crazyjj · · Score: 2

    No, seriously. Is there ANYTHING left that requires a warrant anymore, that can't just be bypassed with some "We thought he might be an immediate threat/terrorist" line?

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    What political party do you join when you don't like Bible-thumpers *or* hippies?
  9. Re:The moral of the story is... by CanHasDIY · · Score: 2

    If you want to be a[n] American citizen with but a vestige of privacy, don't carry a cellphone, or venture into public, or have a profile on any website, or use the internet period, etc. etc. etc.

    FTFY.

    Fixed it real good.

    --
    An enigma, wrapped in a riddle, shrouded in bacon and cheese
  10. Re:Why all this screaming? by Lumpy · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Yup, and for the past few years they do what their party tell them to do. The supreme court has not been the defenders of the constitution that they were supposed to be for decades....

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    Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
  11. Re:The moral of the story is... by Lumpy · · Score: 2

    Criminal activity includes not agreeing with your government or being a proponent of freedoms that have been taken away.

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    Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
  12. Re:Why all this screaming? by ArcherB · · Score: 2

    They are the Government. They can do it. If they are now allowed, they'll make a law. Period.

    The Constitution trumps any laws created by the legislative branches of the federal and state governments as well as any executive orders by governors or the president. The Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land, or it's supposed to be anyway.

    --
    There is no "I disagree" mod for a reason. Flamebait, Troll, and Overrated are not substitutes.
  13. Bill of (Some) Rights by fearofcarpet · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Apparently the Fourth Amendment has all sorts of exclusionary clauses that us mortals can't see. Secure in papers and possessions? Well, email isn't really paper... No searches without warrants? It's ok if the police thought they had one. And tracking you without your knowledge isn't really a "privacy" issue. The Second Amendment, however, is clearly iron-clad, exception free, future-proof, and literal except that "militia" really means "individuals." Interestingly, though, I still can't own a plastic gun because undetectable guns are illegal--though perhaps all the loopholes in the Fourth Amendment supersede the Second Amendment? I can't wait to see how SCOTUS views equal protection when it comes to sexual orientation. Is it an iron-clad, literal right or are there more invisible exceptions that only special people in black robes can see? Or maybe it will suddenly be states rights issue this time (but not drugs, no the commerce clause clearly covers those.)

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    Actually, I wrote my thesis on life experience.
  14. Re:I'm on the verge of not caring by Lumpy · · Score: 2

    IF you want to get their attention. buy a disposable camera and go taking photos of security cameras. You will get to meet the people behind those cameras pretty quickly.

    They like to watch you, they hate it when you watch them.

    --
    Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
  15. Re:The moral of the story is... by mcgrew · · Score: 2

    This is all of the stuff we used to joke about "papers please"

    But... I only got a pipe, man!

  16. Re:Why all this screaming? by Qzukk · · Score: 2

    Every hear of reason?

    I told you they'd listen to Reason.

    --
    If I have been able to see further than others, it is because I bought a pair of binoculars.
  17. Re:I'm on the verge of not caring by kilfarsnar · · Score: 3, Informative

    Everyday, it seems, someone wants to watch me, be it government or websites that track my movements across the web. Short of pulling the plug or exerting massive amounts of proxy, mixmaster, VPS expensive nonsense, I'm about ready to just live and not worry about it. Actually, corporations are more likely to keep me awake at night than government. When there is money to be made, you can bet they will stop at nothing to achieve their sinister goals.

    For the most part you can just live your life. If you are just going about daily business you have little to fear. The problem arises if and when you want to make a significant change to the status quo. Say you want to join the Occupy movement, or advocate against hydraulic fracking, or agitate for criminal proceedings against Wall Street felons. These new law enforcement abilities will be used against you to preserve that status quo that so many powerful people benefit so much from.

    Question: What do people do with all that wealth. How many cars or nice houses does it take? How many islands, how many women in your wake suing? Why cannot people be content with normal?

    At a certain level it becomes not about wealth but power. Money talks in the US like nothing else. If you have enough money, you can have a hand in shaping society to be the way you want it to be; no election necessary. You can buy ad time on TV to broadcast the message you want. You can fund foundations and think tanks to do the work and write policy papers reflecting your point of view. You can fund political campaigns and make demands of the Congresspeople you help elect. You can hire lobbyists for similar purposes. Hell, you can break the law and get away with it by hiring a legal dream team, or better yet getting your Congressman buddy to squash the investigation.

    Like you said, at a certain level you don't care about Ferraris and private islands anymore. You've got 6 of each already. You turn your attention to making society the way you want it to be, and for your own interests. Have your ever wanted to remake the world according to your own image? If you had $50 billion you could start doing it.

    --
    "What the American public doesn't know is what makes them the American public." -Ray Zalinsky (Tommy Boy)
  18. Re:The moral of the story is... by greenbird · · Score: 2

    This is all of the stuff we used to joke about "papers please" where only the evil communist bastards would do such a thing. Only now, it's accepted as perfectly normal and legal.

    Literally. I thought this was an Onionesc piece of satire when I started reading it but as far as I can tell it's real.

    "[Police are] going to be in SWAT gear and have AR-15s around their neck," Stovall said. "If you're out walking, we're going to stop you, ask why you're out walking, check for your ID."

    "This fear is what's given us the reason to do this. Once I have stats and people saying they're scared, we can do this," he said. "It allows us to do what we're fixing to do."

    Welcome to the new world.

    --
    Who is John Galt?
  19. Re:The moral of the story is... by gstoddart · · Score: 2

    I'd even buy the statistical argument, if the probability was actually over 50%.

    You'd be OK with armed police asking everybody who goes by to identify themselves and justify why they're in that area? Really?

    If this isn't the culmination of "papers please" I don't know what is.

    A free society isn't supposed to do that.

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    Lost at C:>. Found at C.
  20. Re:The moral of the story is... by gstoddart · · Score: 2

    If they had a greater than 50% success rate, it would actually meet the probable cause hurdle.

    I would be terrified if they could do it that way. There's no probable cause that you personally may have done anything, but a big fishing expedition that says "if we stop everybody, sooner or later we'll find someone who is guilty". I should hope that sure as hell doesn't meet any legal test.

    Hell, I'm going to throw out the wild, unsupportable figure that 25% of all cops are corrupt. So since we know that to be true, we need to heavily scrutinize all of the cops to determine which ones have money they can't account for. Of course, they'd whine and bitch that we're violating their constitutional rights.

    At which point, why should their rights hold greater weight than ours?

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    Lost at C:>. Found at C.