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Dissecting RSA's 'Watering Hole' Traffic Snippet

rye writes "Even the tiniest snippets of network traffic reveal a lot — not just about viruses and botnets, but also about the malware research lab setup inside corporations like RSA. Watch as Sherri Davidoff of LMG Security tears apart a teeny tiny snippet of gh0st RAT traffic released by RSA during their investigation of the VOHO 'watering hole' attack. Quoting: 'From just a few bits and bytes, we've learned that RSA's investigator was probably using Windows XP on a VMWare guest, which was assigned the IP address 192.168.0.106. The local router had a network card likely manufactured by 2Wire. We've also seen firsthand that the C2 channel traffic, which was masquerading as "HTTPS," was running over port 80, and confirmed the gh0st RAT's destination.'"

69 comments

  1. So what by Rosco+P.+Coltrane · · Score: 2, Funny

    From just one bit of traffic snippet, I can predict that the machine has networking capabilities. Beat that!

    --
    "A door is what a dog is perpetually on the wrong side of" - Ogden Nash
    1. Re:So what by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      My home server is at 192.168.0.105. Have at it boys!

  2. The machine exists by Bananatree3 · · Score: 2

    I posit that the machine exists. Beat that!

    1. Re:The machine exists by some+old+guy · · Score: 5, Funny

      Being a VM, the machine both exists and doesn't exist.

      Entanglement theory proven!

      Beat that!

      --
      Scruting the inscrutable for over 50 years.
    2. Re:The machine exists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      You think the machine exists, therefore you are.

    3. Re:The machine exists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I deduce there is pr0n on that machine

    4. Re:The machine exists by rvw · · Score: 1

      I posit that the machine exists. Beat that!

      1 bit, therefor I am.

    5. Re:The machine exists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Only in your head, mate. ;)

      In fact, all of Slashdot, including me, this post and in fact the whole basement and food-bringing mom only exist in your mind.

      And there's no Matrix telephone nor pills to get out. You can only go *deeper*.

      Now what?

    6. Re:The machine exists by Big+Hairy+Ian · · Score: 2

      So you proved that the VM exists and doesn't exists and is therefore in superposition but thus far this only proves cloud entanglement :)

      --

      Build a Man a Fire, and He'll Be Warm for a Day. Set a Man on Fire, and He'll Be Warm for the Rest of His Life.

    7. Re:The machine exists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Oh yeah... the desktop background is set to the cutest picture of Schrödinger's cat

    8. Re:The machine exists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Schrödinger's lolcat?

    9. Re:The machine exists by Fnord666 · · Score: 2

      Being a VM, the machine both exists and doesn't exist.

      So its Schrodinger's VM then?

      --
      'The tyrant will always find pretext for his tyranny.' - Aesop's Fables
    10. Re:The machine exists by redneckmother · · Score: 1

      You think the machine exists, therefore you are.

      Because you interact with the machine, you become aware of yourself. /existentialism

    11. Re:The machine exists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      HOW DID YOU KNOW!?

    12. Re:The machine exists by Fuzzums · · Score: 1

      But knowing the package came from that VM will cause a collapse of its OS.

      --
      Privacy is terrorism.
    13. Re:The machine exists by Fuzzums · · Score: 2

      Internet law: As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving cats approaches 1.

      --
      Privacy is terrorism.
    14. Re:The machine exists by lister+king+of+smeg · · Score: 1

      if a windows cloud crashes would it be a blue sky?

      --
      ---Saying gnome 3 is better than windows 8 not so much a compliment as it is damning with light praise.
    15. Re:The machine exists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
  3. Lame by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    I was expecting a bit more than disasembling packets.

    1. Re:Lame by remus.cursaru · · Score: 2

      wireshark-101 and a mac lookup is something worthy of a /. front page?
      Next in the news, a tutorial about upgrading from IE6 to IE7?

    2. Re:Lame by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      wireshark-101 and a mac lookup is something worthy of a /. front page?

      No, you also need to be bad at math...

      Digging deeper into the TCP segment, you can see the Window Size is 0xFFFF, or 255.

  4. Nope. by StripedCow · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The machine was just pretending to be a Windows XP machine running as a VMWare guest, etc.

    --
    If Pandora's box is destined to be opened, *I* want to be the one to open it.
    1. Re:Nope. by Sockatume · · Score: 1

      It's a virtual machine, I'd be terribly surprised if it somehow became an actual physical Windows XP box connected to the network.

      --
      No kidding!!! What do you say at this point?
    2. Re:Nope. by jeffmeden · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The machine was just pretending to be a Windows XP machine running as a VMWare guest, etc.

      I thought it was strange that a (presumably) prominent researcher wouldn't at least come up with a mac address of a cheap embedded nic for the honeypot, i mean if i were a malware coder that would be one of the first things to clue me in that [ackbar]it's a trap![/ackbar]. Who would run a completely defenseless windows xp machine in a VM other than a white hat?

    3. Re:Nope. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is why you never underestimate XP. Microsoft made a huge mistake.

  5. Priceless by crazytrain86 · · Score: 5, Funny

    Wireshark - $0. Packet Capture - $0. Reading ability - $0. Publicity gained from slashdotting an article - Priceless

  6. Glean even more with a little research. by Lumpy · · Score: 2

    the 2wire card is probably on a desktop computer hosting the VM ware, she calls it a gateway, and the VM is actually using the hosts network card as a gateway.

    2Wire has only two options for cards.. USB and PCI USB in a laptop is somewhat unlikely as most laptops have wireless built in, so I'm looking at a Desktop with a higher probability.

    Vmware means it's also from a company or someone with money. Otherwise it would have been running under VirtualBox or other free VM.

    There is still a lot of data that can be extracted from that snippet by doing a little research.

    --
    Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
    1. Re:Glean even more with a little research. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The MAC address is purely virtual - I've used KVM with VMWare OUI MAC addresses before.

      VMWare can be had for nothing (this could just be a VMWare player app used for this work - no need for a monied company.

      The hypervisor is probably running in bridged mode and the 2Wire address is that of some ADSL router.

    2. Re:Glean even more with a little research. by citizenr · · Score: 1

      Data in article was straight from packets, your conjecture is just an ass_umption you pulled out of your ass.
      People pirate VMWare, macs are randomly generated.

      --
      Who logs in to gdm? Not I, said the duck.
    3. Re:Glean even more with a little research. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, because "some ADSL router" does not have 2Wire chipsets. do some research man.

    4. Re:Glean even more with a little research. by Lumpy · · Score: 2

      Yet you lose all your credibility by being an asshole. Want to try again but after you take your meds?

      --
      Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
    5. Re:Glean even more with a little research. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      http://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B001AO1XME
      - your move

    6. Re:Glean even more with a little research. by jeffmeden · · Score: 1

      Data in article was straight from packets, your conjecture is just an ass_umption you pulled out of your ass.
      People pirate VMWare, macs are randomly generated.

      Pirate vmware? ESXi hypervisor can be had for *free* and a version of it (current or past, all are stable) can run on just about any hardware, even a cheap $300 homebuilt test box. The question is, was the XP pirated or was it showing a "your computer is at risk!!!" screen?

    7. Re:Glean even more with a little research. by LordLimecat · · Score: 1

      From VMWare documentation

      The first three bytes of the MAC address that is generated for each virtual network adapter consists of the OUI. The MAC address-generation algorithm produces the other three bytes.

      Unless you manually pick a MAC address, youre going to end up with a MAC that identifies as VMWare, every time.

      Grats on being both a jerk, AND wrong; its really a potent combination.

    8. Re:Glean even more with a little research. by citizenr · · Score: 1

      You are right, I'm sorry. I get really agitated when someone commits fallacy of the converse.

      --
      Who logs in to gdm? Not I, said the duck.
    9. Re: Glean even more with a little research. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      RSA is a divison of EMC, which owns (90% of) VMWare. Getting a copy or two hundred is really no more difficult than finding the key generator on the IT department website.

  7. Elementary my dear Watson by shikaisi · · Score: 5, Funny

    The Windows user was a short, balding man wearing a Harris tweed sports jacket, who had been married for a long time and had spent several years in India. He did not smoke, and drank only a little, but walked with a slight limp.

    --
    No left turn unstoned.
    1. Re:Elementary my dear Watson by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      the game is afoot!

    2. Re:Elementary my dear Watson by VortexCortex · · Score: 1

      We can narrow the search a bit further. My crack team of forensic consultants have discovered that his mother was a snow blower, and his father reeked of elderberries.

    3. Re:Elementary my dear Watson by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Thought the mother was a hamster?

    4. Re:Elementary my dear Watson by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We can narrow the search a bit further. My crack team of forensic consultants have discovered that his mother was a snow blower, and his father reeked of elderberries.

      You seem to be mixing your movies. The "mother was a snow blower" line is from Short Circuit and the "father reeked of elderberries" line is from Monty Python and the Holy Grail.

  8. Stop killing the cat! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The cat is a humen too and he's got enough!
    So, stop killing the cat.

    1. Re:Stop killing the cat! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The cat is a humen too and he's got enough!

      You misspelled hymen.

  9. Re:That isn't dead yet? Really? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How is superbowl adding different from normal addition? Enquiring minds want to know!

  10. It's easy by Murdoch5 · · Score: 2

    People don't realize what they send in packets. When i was in school we use to have networking class where we had to examine packets for information. During one class we left a sniffer running on the school network just capturing packets, after a few hours we had a list of credit cards from students and profs, we have login names and passwords, we had the distribution of Linux, Mac and Windows computer on the network and more. Now we threw the information away and deleted the file but what was sad was that we were able to grab so much information with little effort.

    We then sat at a Starbucks down the road and did the same thing, we managed to capture several credit card numbers and other sensitive information, again we got rid of the information but it goes to show you that your not even close to as secure as you think. It takes one guy with a netbook to sniff a network and in a few hours or days he can have enough information to wreck you. I wonder why people aren't being made aware of this, we told our profs what we did and one prof, Jack, just laughed. He said, "That's awesome and well done, as long as the information is destroyed I'm not mad."

    So next time you think it's okay to just type that credit card number in or your SIN (social insurance number ) in, just think who could be sitting there wanting it.

    1. Re:It's easy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Was that before HTTPS was big and popular?

    2. Re:It's easy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ever tried using encryption?

    3. Re:It's easy by ledow · · Score: 1

      Any idiot typing in their credit card number on an unencrypted connection? Well, they deserve what they get, basically. Even my dad is paranoid about the little yellow padlock and he's only just graduated to two-finger typing (two index fingers, mind you, but it's an improvement!). Hell, he phoned me up one day because he was buying something and the site had a GREEN padlock icon. Gosh. But he had the brains to stop, think, and check in before he typed ANYTHING in.

      Pre-HTTPS, which is a long while ago, yes you could grab a lot over the network. Email is probably your biggest target - still a lot of unencrypted email sent around, people obviously haven't heard of SSL/TLS when it comes to SMTP. But anyone sending their credit card number by email - again, they deserve what they get, because at any stage it could end up transmitted or stored unencrypted.

      Nowadays, if you can sniff anything, there should be alarm bells ringing. Hell, even the good guys who want to sniff SSL have to basically make all clients trust their fake-root certificate in order to do so. There's no way to sniff SSL/TLS traffic on clean device without being in possession of the target website's private keys, or getting HUGE warnings about how your connection might be unencrypted, basically.

      That said, there's a lot worse you can do, for instance intercepting DNS via ARP spoofing and then redirecting to your own "google.com" with a self-signed certificate that you've got from somewhere trusted by the client, or similar. But it's a lot less of a viable real-world attack.

      And most people who work from home or hotels have now been forced onto VPN's by their local data protection laws. Good luck sniffing anything on those, even what DNS server they are using.

      But, sure, if you gave me a capable connection that sniffed the open Internet, you'd find some fool - and you'd maybe get some details out of an email or two, or passwords to websites, that you can then use for further attacks.

      Fact is, though - pretty much you're safe as a casual browser, so long as you keep an eye out for proper security whenever something sensitive is requested. And the people with something worth losing are using VPN's. I know all my "hotel"/"pub"/"airport" access goes through my personal VPN, or not at all.

    4. Re:It's easy by Murdoch5 · · Score: 1

      I agree with you for the most part, but what about students at a school? The sad fact is that most school networking / IT staff really don't understand security and the schools are to cheap to hire anyone with the proper papers to build in the security needed. Well most / some people will look for the "lock" in the corner or will make sure the address says "https" not "http", many people wont. Most have no reservation about wiping out the credit card and making a purchase.

  11. Re:That isn't dead yet? Really? by Sockatume · · Score: 1

    Maybe if you'd stop reminding people where the meme came from it could be divorced from the bullshit. You can't kill the joke but you can sure as hell kill the PR.

    --
    No kidding!!! What do you say at this point?
  12. I'm a trifle surprised... by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 4, Interesting

    2-wire is a deeply unrenowned maker of painfully shitty integrated DSL modem/router arrangements of the sort that you get because your ISP hates you. So, a very odd thing to see on an actual corporate network; but a plausible thing to use if you are trying to duplicate a 'standard newb user'(or if your security testing environment, for security and verisimilitude does actually have a bunch of consumer DSL lines set up).

    Any trace of Vmware, on the other hand, is something of a dead giveaway of "Not a clueless home user". Maybe the install base of their Windows-on-mac product is big enough these days; but VMware-related virtual hardware devices, MACs, guest addons, etc.(on a desktop OS) are a bit of a dead giveaway that you've just hit somebody's burner test machine(on server OSes, obviously, landing in a VM is perfectly plausible in production environments). I'm surprised that somebody doing security-related work wouldn't make a greater effort to conceal the fact that they are in a VM, to avoid the possibility of rousing the suspicion of a sophisticated attacker.

    1. Re:I'm a trifle surprised... by jeffmeden · · Score: 1

      2-wire is a deeply unrenowned maker of painfully shitty integrated DSL modem/router arrangements of the sort that you get because your ISP hates you. So, a very odd thing to see on an actual corporate network; but a plausible thing to use if you are trying to duplicate a 'standard newb user'(or if your security testing environment, for security and verisimilitude does actually have a bunch of consumer DSL lines set up).

      Any trace of Vmware, on the other hand, is something of a dead giveaway of "Not a clueless home user". Maybe the install base of their Windows-on-mac product is big enough these days; but VMware-related virtual hardware devices, MACs, guest addons, etc.(on a desktop OS) are a bit of a dead giveaway that you've just hit somebody's burner test machine(on server OSes, obviously, landing in a VM is perfectly plausible in production environments). I'm surprised that somebody doing security-related work wouldn't make a greater effort to conceal the fact that they are in a VM, to avoid the possibility of rousing the suspicion of a sophisticated attacker.

      It smacks more of the boss saying "hell no you can't honeypot on our network" and the next best thing being to order a cheap DSL connection, have it delivered to the office, and then plug it into a set of otherwise isolated test boxes for the duration of the experiment. That, or someone working from a machine on their home lab. Its just not plausible that they reset the router MAC and not reset the host MAC.

    2. Re:I'm a trifle surprised... by pnutjam · · Score: 1

      I like that, 2wire is proof that your ISP hates you.

    3. Re:I'm a trifle surprised... by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 1

      Oh, buying a cheapie residental DSL line for security testing seems totally sensible. I'm just a touch surprised that somebody honeypotting for possibly-sophisticated attackers wouldn't conceal the fact that they are using a burner VM, as well as not using a network connection associated with a well-known security firm.

    4. Re: I'm a trifle surprised... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I work at another division of EMC (the company that owns RSA and VMWare). We have a Comcast line into our office for testing like this.

  13. And now... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    For my next trick, I will guess this man's name, address, and electricity provider from nothing more than a copy of his electric bill I took from his mailbox! And without even opening the envelope!!

    What a non story...

  14. Re:That isn't dead yet? Really? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Just be happy he got the brand wrong.

  15. Am I the only one by arlo5724 · · Score: 1

    ... who always thinks RSA is South Africa at first? It really had me for a minute with the "watering hole" thing. First thing I think of is a muddy pond surrounded by hyenas and giraffes and such...

    1. Re:Am I the only one by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nah, Seffrika is not that important (contrary to the belief of many Saffers). And most people just abbreviate it as SA nowadays (which has its own problems with some other countries, regions, continents, and company names). Or ZA, for some internet-savvies, after the TLD.

  16. SMH by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Editors, you continue to impress me with your ever steepening spiral of buzzword-laden, information-starved stupidity, and baseless drivel.

    At least post stories which are fantastical, nebulous, or humorously false.

    I understand that everybody who comes here does not possess a basic understanding of cutting edge topics like what a packet header is, but the existence of such things is not news, and reporting as such makes you look like an imbecile one grade beyond the typical "I don't know the difference between power and energy" popular science writer.

  17. Re:Lame and incorrect by scsirob · · Score: 1

    And incorrect at that. Other than the article suggests, 0xFFFF != 255

    --
    To Terminate, or not to Terminate, that's the question - SCSIROB
  18. Re:Nope. Chuck Testa by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Maybe it was a XP VMware session on an XP machine.

  19. Re:Lame and incorrect by Fnord666 · · Score: 1

    Other than the article suggests, 0xFFFF != 255

    Sure it does.

    0xFFFF = -1 (signed int) = -1 (signed char) = 255 (unsigned char)

    --
    'The tyrant will always find pretext for his tyranny.' - Aesop's Fables
  20. 192.168.*.* by PPH · · Score: 2

    There's that subnet again. It keeps popping up in our investigations. Perhaps we need to have the authorities raid it and shut it down. That should clear up a huge nest of miscreants.

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
  21. Re:That isn't dead yet? Really? by devman · · Score: 1

    It was a MasterCard advertisement......

  22. with money by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Last i heard ( like yesterday.. ) vmware has several free offerings.

    And who is to say they were not using the internal wifi of a laptop for other 'host' uses, or to avoid blacklisting their laptop somehow?