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UC Berkeley Group Working On Creating Inexpensive 3-D Printer Materials

phrackthat writes "A UC Berkeley group, in a bid to drive down the costs of 3-D printing, has been focusing on more natural materials such as salt, wood, ceramics and concrete (the last two, while not naturally occurring, are made of naturally occurring components). The use of these materials create new avenues for architecture, such as printing buildings. Professor Ronald Rael, the head of the project, stated that these materials and the designs they enable will require new IP protections — 'This is going to require some IP protection for designs, so if you design architecture in the computer, you're protected, just as music and movies are.' I wonder if he's ever heard of design patents?"

66 comments

  1. question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Do design patents apply when you build something yourself for yourself?

    1. Re:question by mark-t · · Score: 1

      Technically, yes. But practically, no

    2. Re:question by gl4ss · · Score: 1

      Do design patents apply when you build something yourself for yourself?

      fair use with patents is only when it's not for actual use.. or so.

      extremely rare for anyone to litigate personal use though.

      --
      world was created 5 seconds before this post as it is.
    3. Re:question by LifesABeach · · Score: 1

      Just a thought, given the types of materials used for 3D printing; Landfills will start to become a localized resource for mining of "raw" materials. Also, animal waste may become a more valuable commodity.

    4. Re:question by Marxist+Hacker+42 · · Score: 1

      I could have sworn everybody laughed at me when I predicted this oh, 15 years ago.

      --
      SJW: a person who perceives an injustice, and while correcting it, commits a greater injustice.
    5. Re: question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So you're saying we will soon be printing objects out of dog/cow dung? I'd be skeptical of that. I'm also confident we have large enough recycling and waste streams as to where we don't need to dig up highly regulated landfills to fill nascent printing material demand. There's about 1,000 other commodity options cheaper than mining landfills. do you realize how much capital it takes to treat and sort and process and homogenize a mountain of rotting waste?

  2. Non Fantastic by Mikkeles · · Score: 3, Funny

    ...has been focusing on more natural materials...

    As opposed to what? More metaphysical materials?

    --
    Great minds think alike; fools seldom differ.
    1. Re:Non Fantastic by digitrev · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Better yet, I love how "cermanic and concrete" are somehow natural because they're made of natural materials. As if they're somehow more natural than plastic. I am reminded of Abstruse Goose.

      --
      Cynical Idealist
    2. Re:Non Fantastic by mark-t · · Score: 1

      As opposed to materials created by a process which only can occur by manmade intervention.

    3. Re:Non Fantastic by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ...has been focusing on more natural materials...

      As opposed to what? More metaphysical materials?

      Adamantium and unobtainium.

    4. Re:Non Fantastic by LordLimecat · · Score: 3, Informative

      Synthetic

    5. Re:Non Fantastic by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 1

      Boy, a lot of comments show people got bent out of shape by the "natural materials" phrase. I loathe new agism and other "natural is good" holiness as much as the next guy, but I didn't sense that at all.

      When I read "natural materials", I read, "cheap, easily-available in massive quantities materials". as opposed to current, much more exotic materials.

      --
      (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
    6. Re:Non Fantastic by wagnerrp · · Score: 1

      I can dig a few inches down in my yard and hit clay. Fire it in a blast oven, and you get a ceramic. Cement is nothing more than limestone. You mix it with water, let it absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and you get calcium carbonate, which is the same composition as limestone. Concrete is just cement mixed with filler, like crushed rock.

    7. Re:Non Fantastic by Frosty+Piss · · Score: 1

      Cement is nothing more than limestone. You mix it with water, let it absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and you get calcium carbonate, which is the same composition as limestone. Concrete is just cement mixed with filler, like crushed rock.

      And steel is just an alloy of iron and other elements, right.

      Or is it more complex than that...

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete

      --
      If you want news from today, you have to come back tomorrow.
    8. Re:Non Fantastic by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      legal materials
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_person

    9. Re:Non Fantastic by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      Better yet, I love how "cermanic and concrete" are somehow natural because they're made of natural materials.

      Oh, but they are. Given their composition, you can find concrete and ceramics in nature, or at least very analogical stuff. PVC? Not so much.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    10. Re:Non Fantastic by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      Concrete is scarcely significantly different from many types of aggregate sedimentary rocks composed of SiO2 and compounds of calcium and aluminum, and if you actually bothered to read the page you've linked, you'd find it right there.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    11. Re:Non Fantastic by swamp_ig · · Score: 1

      I dig a hole in the ground, out comes oil. I then vaporize it to extract the components, react it with several other naturally occurring materials, and get plastic.

      Hey-hey! Plastic is natural!

  3. already covered by copyright and patents. by gl4ss · · Score: 1

    the designs are already covered by copyright and patents..
    also, it seems they're using just cheaper powders for a powder-binder type of printer. the thing the guy is hugging is printed in parts, it looks like.

    but what's the point in cheap materials, if these guys are out to patent them? it's not like the commercial powders are THAT expensive to manufacture. they just have a fabulous markup due to ip protection.

    the print a house directly with a moving concrete laying head projects seem a bit interesting - a lot interesting.

    --
    world was created 5 seconds before this post as it is.
    1. Re:already covered by copyright and patents. by Maxo-Texas · · Score: 2

      I can't find the link for this but there is already a business with a huge 3d printer which uses sand/cement. The printer is mobile and can be set up on site.

      It was referenced here last year I think.

      --
      She was like chocolate when she drank... semi-sweet at first and then increasingly bitter.
    2. Re:already covered by copyright and patents. by gl4ss · · Score: 1

      I can't find the link for this but there is already a business with a huge 3d printer which uses sand/cement. The printer is mobile and can be set up on site.

      It was referenced here last year I think.

      yeah, that's what I meant with the directly printing a house. these guys are doing nothing of the sort, just experimenting with inexpensive binding materials and powders to patent them. which is hell of a lot less cooler than researching about practically building houses that can't be build otherwise.

      --
      world was created 5 seconds before this post as it is.
  4. ends vs means by DriveDog · · Score: 2

    When it comes to the economics, Professor Rael, like so many others, exhibits a severe lack of imagination.

    1. Re:ends vs means by Artifakt · · Score: 1

      I don't know about that - he seems to be one of those people who are imagining a special IP protection that isn't limited to any of the existing ones. He appears to have imagined a form of patent where 'because it's passing through a 3-D printer' makes an existing material novel, or one where the unlimited timeframe of a copyrighted design applies to the raw materials or individual design elements, or something such as that.
                "I imagine you're gonna give me special laws with all of the advantages and none of the drawbacks, cause I'm a special butterfly." That's a pretty good imagination right there.

      --
      Who is John Cabal?
    2. Re:ends vs means by CAIMLAS · · Score: 1

      I don't know about that really mattering.

      Personally, I'm looking forward to the BSD Handgun.

      --
      ~/ssh slashdot.org ssh: connect to host slashdot.org port 22: too many beers
  5. How about poo? by hughbar · · Score: 0

    That's cheap and plentiful...

    --
    On y va, qui mal y pense!
    1. Re:How about poo? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Great idea... now we can all just shit our own bricks!

  6. ceramics and cement are nothing new by hAckz0r · · Score: 4, Insightful

    People have been doing 3D printing using ceramics and cement for a few years now. Why is this suddenly new again? Entire buildings have been constructed this way using giant printing machines no less. Don't the people at Berkeley or Tech News know how to use Google yet?

    1. Re:ceramics and cement are nothing new by Overzeetop · · Score: 2

      One of those "three months in the lab can save an entire week in the library" conditions.

      --
      Is it just my observation, or are there way too many stupid people in the world?
  7. Already covered by copyright by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    "Does this mean people can download your building and print it?" he said. "This is going to require some IP protection for designs, so if you design architecture in the computer, you're protected, just as music and movies are."

    Designs are already protected, as they are a work. It's no different than the 3D models we already deal with in the game industry. A person spent a lot of time creating the files, and copyright law already includes such creative work.

    In fact if you want to, you can license your architecture designs. If you want to share them with everyone, you can use one of the Creative Commons license. That way nobody can (legally) take your name off it, but it can otherwise be shared freely.

    1. Re:Already covered by copyright by newcastlejon · · Score: 1

      "Does this mean people can download your building and print it?" he said. "This is going to require some IP protection for designs, so if you design architecture in the computer, you're protected, just as music and movies are."

      Designs are already protected, as they are a work. It's no different than the 3D models we already deal with in the game industry. A person spent a lot of time creating the files, and copyright law already includes such creative work.

      Actually, there're some significant between copyright and design patents, but you're just as free with both to release your work into the public domain. I'm assuming that architectural works come under a design patent here; I don't see why they wouldn't.

      --
      If God forks the Universe every time you roll a die, he'd better have a damned good memory.
    2. Re:Already covered by copyright by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Then there is the question of ridiculousness of a design patent in a case where each product for a particular location is unique by customary, legal, technical, image and regulatory reasons. Only large companies building pre-manufactured houses in a constant environment could use such a patent against other similar companies in the very same area.

  8. Oh Noes! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Concrete and ceramic guns! Look out everyone!

    1. Re:Oh Noes! by LBt1st · · Score: 1

      It will happen eventually. And then we'll have to hear the whole debate all over again. All the while hundreds of people will die in a war that most Americans have forgotten is taking place.

  9. man-made? by OrangeTide · · Score: 1

    He takes natural materials and turns them into various man-made objects. Rather than taking man-made materials and turning them into man-made objects.

    Sounds to me he's making things worse, not better.

    --
    “Common sense is not so common.” — Voltaire
  10. not invented yet by phantomfive · · Score: 2

    Professor Ronald Rael, the head of the project, stated that these materials and the designs they enable will require new IP protections — 'This is going to require some IP protection for designs, so if you design architecture in the computer, you're protected, just as music and movies are.'

    That's putting the cart before the horse.......you haven't even built your product yet, and you're worried, not about what your users will do with it, but how they will legally protect what they do with it. Two steps ahead (not to mention there's already protection).

    Spending too much time worrying about problems that don't exist yet is one of the many ways you can sink a startup. It's similar to sitting there dreaming, "what will you do with all your money when we're rich?"

    --
    "First they came for the slanderers and i said nothing."
    1. Re:not invented yet by Type44Q · · Score: 1

      It's similar to sitting there dreaming, "what will you do with all your money when we're rich?"

      That's an entire way of life, out here in Oklahoma. :p

    2. Re:not invented yet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Re-reading the quote, I don't think he's talking about the printing technology itself needing a patent, but rather what it will be used for.

      If I understand correctly, he's saying that if rapid production in this way becomes so easy, then there will need to be new IP laws to protect architectures from being pirated. Something like that.

      I'm pretty sure though that what he meant is that our existing draconian IP laws are of course already powerful enough to legally protect things a 3D printer can produce, but in practicality they will be just as ineffective as they have been in other domains. All existing IP laws punish but do not sufficiently prevent infringement, nor do they provide sufficient economic protection to IP holders. Only lawyers tend to win in the long run with current IP laws. This trend will only continue into other domains if 3D printing becomes a design standard.

      I'm sure that's what he must have meant, because any other interpretation does not make sense to me.

  11. Technically, you only need four by NoNonAlphaCharsHere · · Score: 0

    Earth, Air, Fire and Water.

    1. Re:Technically, you only need four by FooAtWFU · · Score: 1

      Yeah? Tell that to Milla Jovovich.

      --
      The World Wide Web is dying. Soon, we shall have only the Internet.
  12. Isn't oil naturally occuring? by h4rr4r · · Score: 1

    I thought right now plastic which is made from naturally occurring oil was the standard material for 3d printing?

    Instead of this natural BS, just come out and say renewable or less resource constrained or something.

  13. So they're saying... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Oil isn't "naturally occurring"? Say what now?

  14. late to the party by stenvar · · Score: 2

    3D printing in ceramics, concrete, and wood composites have been around longer than consumer 3D printers. If this wasn't Berkeley, it wouldn't be getting any press coverage.

  15. Design patents won't cover this by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Design patents cover the *aesthetic* aspects of a design. We're talking here about functionality, and that is protected by utility patents.

  16. wrong by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I have deposits of plastic in my backyard, it naturally occurred.

    1. Re:wrong by mark-t · · Score: 1

      What natural process produced them?

    2. Re:wrong by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Osmosis.

    3. Re:wrong by mark-t · · Score: 1

      How does plastic get produced by osmosis?

    4. Re:wrong by dantotheman · · Score: 1

      Quit feeding the troll...

  17. Prior Art by Comboman · · Score: 2

    People have been 3-D printing buildings from natural materials available on site for thousands of years. Somehow they didn't need new IP protections. Other species have been doing it even longer.

    --
    Support Right To Repair Legislation.
    1. Re:Prior Art by drinkypoo · · Score: 0

      You could more or less count rammed earth, but mud brick doesn't qualify because it's built out of bricks made in forms, rather than made in a form. And if it's done by hand, it's really not printing, but that's a separate quibble.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    2. Re:Prior Art by Maxo-Texas · · Score: 1

      I very much doubt they used a device that moved back and forth and selectively deposited a layer of material and then fused it together with heat or glue.

      Your brick examples would be more suitable if they moved the serfs back and forth on a lift and the serfs deposited bricks as they passed over an area that was supposed to have bricks.

      That's why we have different words: "Building" and "Printing".

      --
      She was like chocolate when she drank... semi-sweet at first and then increasingly bitter.
  18. Can a 3D-printer print another 3D-printer? by viniciuscb · · Score: 1

    Now that we have 3D-printers that print guns, another challenge to us all: print a 3D-printer.

    1. Re:Can a 3D-printer print another 3D-printer? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That has been done with the open source 3D printers ever since they were created. They don't print the metal parts, but neither does the gun printer.

    2. Re:Can a 3D-printer print another 3D-printer? by Creedo · · Score: 1

      Now that we have 3D-printers that print guns, another challenge to us all: print a 3D-printer.

      Might I suggest you check out this. That's the whole point of the RepRap project.

      --
      All that is necessary for the triumph of good is that evil men do nothing.
    3. Re:Can a 3D-printer print another 3D-printer? by dantotheman · · Score: 1

      You realize this would be the first step towards Skynet right?...

    4. Re:Can a 3D-printer print another 3D-printer? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      printing a 3d printer is not a problem printing a 3d printer that has little to no vitamins (i.e. stuff you get from a hardware store as well as motors and electronics,
      Now that is the difficult part. as for 3D printing houses can be done however the machines are kinda huge and impractical. printing ceramics been done for years actually there are repraps that do this modified for the material.
      I built 2 3D printers with another two on the way. So I know what this tech can do and no skynet is not one of them. Cause 3D printing chips is quite a bit away.
      terramir

  19. plano and garland, tx, and now moore, ok by tbonefrog · · Score: 2

    thinking outside the 3d printer box, ever since viewing the endless suburbs in the texas towns I have envisioned something substantially bigger than the vehicle that transports the space shuttle to the launch pad, advancing through the countryside, ingesting woods, grasslands, soil, and rock, and out the other end comes a suburban street with driveways and houses in move-in-ready state. Materiel for plumbing and electricity might have to be transported into the monster.

    For Moore, OK, the thing could recycle the rubble back into homes, adding storm shelters of course.

  20. Instead of materials by John.Banister · · Score: 1

    I wish they'd work on inexpensive laser sintering.

    1. Re:Instead of materials by wierd_w · · Score: 1

      I actually have a (whimsically silly and bulky) idea in mind there, actually.

      Its a combination of a solar sintering machine, (whooo-- a fresnel lens in a static frame, aimed at sand! So complicated!) and a CO2 laser sinterer.

      Basically, the fresnel lens part is static, and at the most sophisticated, has a sun tracker to keep the lens aimed right. It focuses onto a fixed point in the material hopper, to make a small bead of glass from sand, dirt, or ceramic clay powder. (whatever is locally the cheapest) From that tiny bead of glass, a glass fiber filament is drawn using a mandril, then fed into the material port on the CO2 laser sintering side. The material hopper should have some kind of agitator to keep the material uniform inside.

      The glass fiber requires considerably less energy to melt than does the silicon dioxide of the sand/clay in the material hopper, and can be wirefed to the build chamber, where it is slowly extruded and laser pulsed. This allows a very durable material (glass) to be used reasonably inexpensively. (as inexpensively as it is to drive the laser anyway.)

    2. Re:Instead of materials by gl4ss · · Score: 1
      --
      world was created 5 seconds before this post as it is.
    3. Re:Instead of materials by John.Banister · · Score: 1

      What would you want to make out of glass? When I think of 3d printed stuff I'd want to use, it almost always ends up being parts made out of metal like, for example, beryllium foam core for lighter than air vacuum spheres, or a case for a custom rugged laptop, etc.

  21. It's a Race by carrier+lost · · Score: 2

    Science is trying to pump out new technologies faster than governments can ban them or corporations can lock them up with patents.

    This is really starting to get interesting...

    1. Re:It's a Race by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You'd be amazed how fast people can move when money is available........

  22. 3D gun with salt bullets? by davidwr · · Score: 1

    Now that would sting!

    --
    Knowledge is how to play a game, intelligence is how to win, wisdom is knowing what game to play.
  23. This needs regulated... NOW by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The more 3D printers land in the hands of the unwashed, the more chance some psycho is going to make a nice array of guns. We don't need to ban this technology, but have proper software and materials accounting so we don't have another Briarwood or Sandy Hook, which WILL happen unless proper regulations are permitted (like joining the rest of the world with firearms belonging to the police and military, and not any psycho loon on the streets who is able to lie well enough to pass a background check.)

    This can be addressed very simply -- A DRM solution on 3D printers, a felony for it being tampered with, and a felony for possession of 3D printers just like it is to own guns with scratched out serial numbers, or sawed off shotguns.

    This has been done before. Try copying a Euro or dollar on a color copier, and the device will refuse to copy at best, at worst, phone home about the counterfeit attempt. It is trivial to check hashes for 3D files and block them, or heuristics for items like barrels, so BATF can be aware of another potential mass murderer getting ready for action.

    I know I'll be called a troll, but someone has to state this, so we don't have another mass grave of elementary school students, and nothing but lip service given to removing them off the streets. Hell, even Venezuela enacted a complete gun ban, which caused the crime in their cities to be 1/10 of what it is before the weapons were removed from the citizenry.

  24. same as software isn't it? by fikx · · Score: 1

    Professor Ronald Rael, the head of the project, stated that these materials and the designs they enable will require new IP protections — 'This is going to require some IP protection for designs, so if you design architecture in the computer, you're protected, just as music and movies are.'

    Isn't this the same complication that been hashed back and forth for source code on software for years now? Source code is the "design" or the instructions on how to build....the executable is created by automated builder called "compilers" and such....not a new problem just because it involves a 3D printer....

    --
    AB HOC POSSUM VIDERE DOMUM TUUM