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3-D Structures Built Out of Liquid Metal At Room Temperature

ph4cr writes with news that a few researchers have discovered an alloy that allows them to print 3D structures from liquid metal at room temperature. From the article: "'It's difficult to create structures out of liquids, because liquids want to bead up. But we’ve found that a liquid metal alloy of gallium and indium reacts to the oxygen in the air at room temperature to form a "skin" that allows the liquid metal structures to retain their shapes,' says Dr. Michael Dickey, an assistant professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at NC State and co-author of a paper describing the work. ... One technique involves stacking droplets of liquid metal on top of each other, much like a stack of oranges at the supermarket. The droplets adhere to one another, but retain their shape – they do not merge into a single, larger droplet. ... Another technique injects liquid metal into a polymer template, so that the metal takes on a specific shape. The template is then dissolved, leaving the bare, liquid metal in the desired shape. The researchers also developed techniques for creating liquid metal wires, which retain their shape even when held perpendicular to the substrate." The paper is available online. There's also a video of the process in action, below the fold.

24 of 72 comments (clear)

  1. Okay by ledow · · Score: 4, Interesting

    That's quite impressive. The obvious "next step" in 3D printing, but how realistic is it to a home user? We already have myriad ways to lay circuits etc. out, and the point of 3D printing is not that we could never make little plastic shapes before, but that it's something I can do as much as I like if I buy a 3D printer, raw materials and some model plans, without requiring specialist knowledge or handling.

    Does this let me add metals into my 3d plans? Does this allow me to print circuit boards (hmmm... sounds familiar....)? Or is it just an impractical way of doing the same things with a single alloy that we can do any number of other ways.

    What's the killer application here? Could I 3D print a working set of Christmas lights without having to worry about bulbs, cables, wires, circuits boards, etc? Just have a device with two nozzles that does all the hard work and just churns out the completed product from a plan? I'm guessing not, or at least not before something else will come along and make that possible.

    But, still, it's very nice to watch and dream.

    1. Re:Okay by shadowrat · · Score: 5, Funny

      What's the killer application here?

      T-1000

    2. Re:Okay by Russ1642 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The next step is to find out that you can't get tons of cheap indium and gallium.

    3. Re:Okay by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The 'next step' is probably not printing with eutectic InGal alloys, but with other metals that exhibit the same properties but at higher melting points. One of the paper authors casually mentioned on Reddit that Aluminium happens to have the right properties.

      If you're willing to accept long print times, melting microlitre/picolitre quantities of Aluminium with an induction heating nozzle seems entirely possible to do at home.

    4. Re:Okay by VortexCortex · · Score: 2

      And when the machines take over, this video will ensure the bugs avenge us.

    5. Re:Okay by robinsonne · · Score: 2

      Because aluminum is only spelled aluminium in the UK/Commonwealth countries. Everywhere else it's aluminum. (Spell checker is yelling at me for spelling it your way)

    6. Re:Okay by tlhIngan · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The 'next step' is probably not printing with eutectic InGal alloys, but with other metals that exhibit the same properties but at higher melting points. One of the paper authors casually mentioned on Reddit that Aluminium happens to have the right properties.

      If you're willing to accept long print times, melting microlitre/picolitre quantities of Aluminium with an induction heating nozzle seems entirely possible to do at home.

      Why not use existing Tin-alloys? the melting point of those isn't that high to begin with, and we have plenty of that in cheap quantities (it's also known as... solder).

    7. Re:Okay by LifesABeach · · Score: 2

      I can't help but wonder if the folks building these 3D Printers haven't thought about using more than one print head to speed up production time?

    8. Re:Okay by SleazyRidr · · Score: 2

      As mentioned by an AC further down, this seems to be most useful for things like self-reparing wires. With far more maleability and ductility that traditional wires you can do a lot more fancy stuff with liquid wires.

  2. Complex structures... by verbatim · · Score: 4, Funny

    Can it form complex machines? guns and explosives that have chemicals and moving parts -- or is it limited to forming solid metal shapes like knives and stabbing weapons?

    --
    Price, Quality, Time. Pick none. What, you thought you had a choice?
    1. Re:Complex structures... by Plumpaquatsch · · Score: 2

      Can it form complex machines? guns and explosives that have chemicals and moving parts -- or is it limited to forming solid metal shapes like knives and stabbing weapons?

      No, it's limited to liquid metal shapes that fall apart if you look at them funny.

      --
      Of course news about a fake are Fake News.
  3. Re:Come with me if you want to live. by tgd · · Score: 2

    Liquid metal has been around for a while in fiction, but now in the real world?

    Its been around for a reasonable number of billions of years, as long as you're somewhere with the proper ambient temperature.

  4. Uses in self healing wires by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I think the better use for the material is in self healing wires. Stretchable, bendable, maybe even cutable.. then the liquid can re attack to itself.

  5. gallium is expensive by dmoen · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I'm paying $25 for a kilogram of 3D-printable ABS filament. A kilogram of gallium is probably close to $1000, based on prices I've seen on ebay.

    --
    I have written a truly remarkable program which this sig is too small to contain.
    1. Re:gallium is expensive by gl4ss · · Score: 2

      I'm paying $25 for a kilogram of 3D-printable ABS filament. A kilogram of gallium is probably close to $1000, based on prices I've seen on ebay.

      you wouldn't need that much of it for conducting though?

      but do these shapes retain their form if they get touched..

      --
      world was created 5 seconds before this post as it is.
  6. Re:fab at home by WillAdams · · Score: 2

    Are you sure it wouldn't have more to do w/ things like: http://www.fabathome.org/index.php?q=node/10 having a link to: http://fabathome.org/wiki2/wiki.html which is 404.

    The website rendering unbelievably hideously in Safari.

    The link for ``get a printer'' going to: http://www.fabathome.org/wiki/index.php/Fab@Home:Choose_Your_Fabber which is also 404.

    I was interested in it, despite the low resolution, but that's more energy / irritation than I'm willing to deal with.

    --
    Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.
  7. Re:Come with me if you want to live. by NatasRevol · · Score: 3, Funny

    Mercury says you're an idiot.

    --
    There are two types of people in the world: Those who crave closure
  8. Re:fab at home by gl4ss · · Score: 2

    you can build syringe based extruders for repraps if you want too.

    I wouldn't exactly call fabathome a "home printer" though, I'd reckon their biggest customers are people like specialist cake makers..

    --
    world was created 5 seconds before this post as it is.
  9. Please print a gun and youtube it...pretty please by techsimian · · Score: 2

    The obsession with printing a gun is annoying. How come no one is printing cars? or actual devices...

    3d printing used to be called rapid prototyping...which used to lead to questions like... "That IS cool looking! Does it shoot?" ...and answers like "No, it's a prototype"

  10. Re:Please print a gun and youtube it...pretty plea by ArcadeMan · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Americans are obsessed with guns. They supposedly have the right to own them in case they need to overthrow a corrupt government but for the last two or three decades they haven't even blinked.

  11. Re:Come with me if you want to live. by crakbone · · Score: 2

    Yeah but the prototype was seen about 20 years ago. I heard it was already patented by Apple.

  12. Re:3D Print a Real, Metal Gun by JDG1980 · · Score: 2

    That's the real question that needs to be answered? Will I finally be able to manufacture my own actual, metallic pistol using this process? (Perfectly legal to do so in the US, BTW)

    If you really want to make your own guns, then you'd be much better off buying a CNC machine. Use the right tool for the right job.

    Why does everyone somehow seem to think that additive manufacturing ("3D printing") is better than subtractive (standard CNC)?

  13. Re:3D Print a Real, Metal Gun by Applekid · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Why does everyone somehow seem to think that additive manufacturing ("3D printing") is better than subtractive (standard CNC)?

    This blog post should help out.

    The materials gap is closing. Provided we actually get to a point where the physical properties of an additive object versus a subtractive object are no different, there won't be many compelling reasons to use subtractive anymore. At the very least, it'll be a question of whether you want to sweep up a bunch of sharp tailings every night or not.

    --
    More Twoson than Cupertino
  14. Beautiful by Hentes · · Score: 2

    I don't care how practical it is, I could watch this thing all day long.