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San Onofre's Closure: What Was Missed

Lasrick writes "John Mecklin explores the context that was missed when the LA Times and the San Diego Union Tribune reported on the closing of the remaining two San Onofre nuclear reactors: 'U-T San Diego published a similar flurry of well-reported stories that covered the basics of the reasons for the closure, as well as the impact on consumers, workers, and the electricity supply. At both papers, coverage included infographics that effectively explained the problem that forced the plant to close—vibration that caused wear in tubes for the plant's steam generators. (The Times's tick-tock takeout on the history of the steam generator snafu, published in July, is especially comprehensive.) The specifics of the San Onofre closing were covered well and thoroughly. The context within which those basics reside, however, was far less well-examined, and the two major newspapers closest to the San Onofre plant both therefore missed a real opportunity to inform readers about the major energy choices California and the country will need to make in the coming decade.' Excellent work at the Columbia Journalism Review."

30 of 88 comments (clear)

  1. Ironic? by mcrbids · · Score: 2

    An article that decries all the valuable, important stuff that could have been brought up, but then doesn't bother to bring them up and/or discuss them in any detail?

    This article was a waste of my time. I wish Slashdot had a thumbs up/down on articles.

    --
    I have no problem with your religion until you decide it's reason to deprive others of the truth.
    1. Re:Ironic? by Qzukk · · Score: 2

      I wish Slashdot had a thumbs up/down on articles.

      It's called the firehose. You can find it here if you have somehow managed to ignore all the other times slashdot begs you to go there and rate stories.

      --
      If I have been able to see further than others, it is because I bought a pair of binoculars.
    2. Re:Ironic? by dj245 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      An article that decries all the valuable, important stuff that could have been brought up, but then doesn't bother to bring them up and/or discuss them in any detail?

      This article was a waste of my time. I wish Slashdot had a thumbs up/down on articles.

      Well I can't speak for the nuclear side of it, but the steam turbines had problems too. One was that they were getting buildup in the generator stator core cooling tubes.
      See, a large steam turbine like this has a really massive electric generator. In most motors that people think of, the windings are made of copper wire. However, in large generators, these wires are replaced with copper strands roughly 2mm by 5mm or so, which are then bundled into groups of 100 or more in a rectangular shape. Usually, the resistance losses are such that air or hydrogen cooling is enough. However, when you start pushing around thousands of amps, even very small resistance losses turn into a lot of heat. At a certain point when you are making a generator larger and larger, all that copper becomes prohibitively expensive.

      The first thing to do is replace the air with hydrogen. Hydrogen has less cooling capacity, but it is far less dense than air so the air friction of the rotor is much less, resulting in less heat. In truly large machines, however, that isn't enough. Above around 350MW, you make a portion of these copper strands hollow and pump water through them.

      The combination of water, thousands of amps, and hydrogen sounds pretty dangerous, and you would be right in thinking that a lot of machines went BOOM before they nailed all the potential problems. One problem though remains the chemistry of the water in the copper strands. Demineralized, oxygen-free water is generally used, along with oxygen-free 99.999% pure copper. If a large amount of oxygen is in the water, there start to be buildups of gunk in the tiny strands, which can not be cleaned mechanically. You can search "oxygen in stator cooling water" on google and get a few articles. The only way to clean it is with an acid wash, and engineers get nervous about this because if you clean out all the gunk, invariably you have also caused material loss of your copper.

      Which brings me in a very roundabout way back to San Onofre. They did everything right, but kept getting gunk in their copper strands. No oxygen in their water, and the water conductivity was more than high enough (sufficiently pure). And yes, they did check to make sure that water measurements were correct. Nevertheless, they were needing to acid-clean their generator stator copper strands every 2-4 years, which is alarming considering that the average machine only requires such acid cleaning between 0 and 2 times in a 40 year lifespan. Nobody has ever required this much acid cleaning, so the point at which the copper strands become too eroded by the acid is not clear. I'm sure some regulator was watching this very closely because of the huge disaster a water leak can have.

      The only way out of this mess would have been be a new stator, or a rewind. A stator of that size weighs more than can not be transported in once piece, since it weighs at least 2 million pounds (no exaggeration). Building it or rebuilding it on site costs tens of millions of dollars just in labor and windings, not to mention all the lost generation.

      This electrical generator problem certainly didn't sink San Onofre by itself, but it didn't help things either. I suspect there were a few other issues which would require a huge investment of money at a time when California is broke, the utility has a hard time getting a rate increase, and natural gas is cheaper than it has ever been in the US (there are basically 0 operating coal plants in California, although there are some just across state lines which sell exclusively to California). It probably would be cheaper in the long run to repair and refit San Onofre, but when money is tight, short term solutions take priority.

      --
      Even those who arrange and design shrubberies are under considerable economic stress at this period in history.
  2. From the laundromat by frog_strat · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I live quite close to this reactor. I met a guy at the laundromat that said he was working on the reactor. He said they expected vibration along one axis but were seeing it on another, and that was the source of the corrosion. He felt ultimately it was a political move to shut it down. He also wouldn't be surprised if the decision were reversed, when people realize what the shutdown would do to electricity rates (double them).

    In the local stories I have read that there are suspicions about contamination in the ground water under the reactor (it is on a beach FWIW). And there are 3 million pounds of spent fuel there, so hot, that no repository in the US is allowed to take it. I just imagine transporting all that waste by train through the many residential neighborhoods along the track.

    A kayak competition is held very near the reactor where people row out, fall out of the kayak, get back in and row back. A friend took his new underwater camera case to the area, and it is full of small sharks, perhaps there is warm water attracting them.

    1. Re:From the laundromat by Spoke · · Score: 2

      He felt ultimately it was a political move to shut it down.

      Utility companies never do anything except for reasons of profit. They simply felt that it would be more cost effective to mothball the plant rather than to try to fix it. The shareholders agreed - their stock price jumped upon the news hitting the wire.

      He also wouldn't be surprised if the decision were reversed, when people realize what the shutdown would do to electricity rates (double them).

      While SONGS provided an important chunk of power while running (about 1GW) it's only a small fraction of generation capacity in the state. It certainly won't double rates and if the utilties try to pass on any of the cost of mothballing the plant to the rate-payers, you can be sure that the customers will be in an uproar then.

    2. Re:From the laundromat by johnny+cashed · · Score: 3, Informative

      I'm not sure exactly what you're implying about the warm water and sharks, but considering the rest of your post is about environmental effects you seem to be implying that the water is warm and therefore somehow irradiated?

      No, I think he means the water is literally warmer around the plant. Was it not located on the beach to provide cooling water for the reactor? Thermal pollution is what that is called.

    3. Re:From the laundromat by confused+one · · Score: 2

      It has nothing to do with how "hot" the used fuel is. There is no repository. None. Not a one. There are no fuel reprocessing plants either. ALL reactors are forced to store used fuel on-site. It is an engineering solution to a short sighted political problem.

    4. Re:From the laundromat by Teancum · · Score: 2, Informative

      There are some places you can send nuclear material. One company in particular that I'm aware of is Energy Solutions who operates a repository near Salt Lake City that takes in a fairly large amount of nuclear materials (like old x-ray machines, radiation suits of reactor workers, gloves from hospitals, and other similar stuff). There are other locations and companies too.

      The problem as you've alluded to is "high level nuclear waste" from reactors, such as the proposed Yucca Mountain repository. Yes, the idea of such a facility has been shit canned and is a continued political football. Why anybody would object to building such a facility next to the Nevada Test Range is beyond my comprehension, but so be it. There are other potential locations, as well as reprocessing plants that could use spent fuel and convert it into useful by-products of various kinds and even fuel nuclear power plants for another 500 years or more just off of existing stockpiles.

      As far as moving the fuel through residential neighborhoods, the material can be moved in small enough quantities and in strong enough containers that it would be far safer than moving petroleum to a neighborhood gasoline station. Those routinely move through residential neighborhoods, so what is the objection again?

    5. Re:From the laundromat by rgmoore · · Score: 2

      The problem with nuclear power comes in two forms:

      The increased regulation isn't a separate thing; it's just a reaction to the potentially catastrophic results of a failure. When a small mistake can lead to a catastrophic failure that leaves the region around the plant uninhabitable for decades at the very least, people within the potentially affected area will demand regulations to make sure even small mistakes don't happen. This happens in any field where small mistakes can have terrible consequences on bystanders.

      --

      There's no point in questioning authority if you aren't going to listen to the answers.

  3. The effect of Paywall and the locked articles by Taco+Cowboy · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Paywalls are a relatively new development for Internet, revealing itself to the public some 10 years ago.

    It's effect was often ignore, until this case, that is.

    The article the former Nuclear Regulatory Commissioner Peter Bradford wrote for the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists earlier this year is locked behind a paywall, an article that could have contained vital information for the public to make up their correct judge regarding the use of Nuclear Energy to generate electricity for the United States of America.

    The more articles being locked behind paywalls, the less informed the public are going to become.

    The less informed the public are, the more power the elite 0.1% is going to garner, for the public will have no cause to oppose whatever they propose, as vital information locked up, so that a few could make some money, while the masses lose.

    --
    Muchas Gracias, Señor Edward Snowden !
    1. Re:The effect of Paywall and the locked articles by gl4ss · · Score: 2

      plenty of paywalls before that.. iirc at least on playboy.com

      --
      world was created 5 seconds before this post as it is.
  4. Re:Natural Gas & Coal by ackthpt · · Score: 3, Interesting

    As long as natural gas and coal can emit CO2 without any penalty to the real cost of that emission, nuclear plants will continue to close. It is funny that every time that nuclear power is brought up that people shake their fists demand that it is able to pay its entire costs, while they never mention the tragedy of commons that is going on with fossil fuel derived power. It is a pity that our ability to do risk analysis and balance alternatives is weighted on whether it can blow up in a scary fashion and release a radioactive plume versus causing irreversible destruction to the entire planet (but slow enough that only your grandchildren will care).

    Further north, in California you can find a lot of wind turbines, including Shiloh II. I was by the San Luis Reservoir (Pump and Store engergy/water resource) and noticed more turbines are being erected near there (a very windy place.) These 1.5 megawatt turbines are turning up in some amazing places, even solo installations in a rightly situated location, where a land owner can use some power and sell the rest at a tidy profit.

    With all the talk of Santa Ana Winds I think there's an opportunity to build some of these wind farms in SoCal.

    --

    A feeling of having made the same mistake before: Deja Foobar
  5. Economics by fermion · · Score: 5, Insightful
    A rational person would have stopped when they said that economics closed nuclear power. This is the reality. In the US there has been 40 years to prove that nuclear energy is a competitive product. You can blame the government, but it is pretty much bad management of a technology that could work. You can say if the government would only subsidize the product, it would work, but why is government subsidizing a mature technology? In the US it does not seem to be a viable solution.

    Yes coal is a major source of electricity, about 40%, and it is going to get harder with new regulation. But again, like nuclear, the reason we building more coal plants it dogma. People believe it is the best solution. It is certainly a profitable solution. There are tens of thousands of people who are willing to dig coal for a middle class income in working conditions that keep the overall costs low. So we have the job argument, the argument that we can't live without electricity, and the argument that technology will make it cleaner. But that technology is funded by the taxpayer, and maybe we want to do something new that will help us long term, not just keep established corporations in power.

    In any case, the short term future is natural gas, and the long term future is wind, solar, and conservation. This is where the technology is. Building more efficient electronics. Building better turbines and solar cells. Building superconducting batteries, storing energy in elevated mass, flywheels, etc so that we are not generating for peak capacity 24 hours a day, and then throwing away a quarter of it. It is not something that your C level executive understands, it is not something your coal miner wants to go to school to learn, it is not something that is going to transfer millions of dollars of tax payers money directly into the pockets of investors, but it is something that will build the intellectual and long term economic wealth of the country.

    And I mentions conservation. These plants supplied one millions homes in a state of 38 million. That is 2% reduction in capacity. The big thing we need to realize is that energy is neither free nor infinate. We can go and buy a 60" TV that us going to use almost 400KWh in a year, or one that uses under 200. We can browse on our 120 watt computer, or on our 5W tablet. We can turn on the lights in the middle of the day, or not. How much would we need to do to save 2% of the electricity? Who much would be need to do to save 10%?

    --
    "She's a scientist and a lesbian. She's not going to let it slide." Orphan Black
    1. Re:Economics by dbIII · · Score: 3, Interesting

      How much would we need to do to save 2% of the electricity? Who much would be need to do to save 10%?

      In places where it isn't done already (and with the utter joke that is the Californian electricity system they will not have done it), you can save that much by shifting loads that are not time dependant around the clock. Off peak domestic hot water is one (hot water system runs at night since those things retain heat for hours), industrial heating is another (charge less for furnaces running at night), and there's plenty of others to get that daytime load down and stop wasting so much from the base load stations that are already burning stuff at night. It's a policy thing since the control systems have been in use and improving since the 1980s and any hot water systems etc designed for export are going to have the hardware at the user end already.

    2. Re:Economics by frog_strat · · Score: 2

      I am not the expert but what I heard on the news implied that power rates were not averaged out to a state amount, and implied Orange County rates could go up independent of the rest of continental California.

    3. Re:Economics by AmiMoJo · · Score: 2

      Actually the reality is that nuclear power is economic over the entire lifetime of a plant, nearly as cheap as coal, and works just fine without particulate emissions.

      Only if you ignore all the stuff that the government pays for, like insurance.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    4. Re:Economics by fermion · · Score: 2

      Yes, I did realize the error after I posted. I used population instead of housing units. The article clearly stated that the plants supplied power to 1.4 million homes, and there are about 14 million housing units in California. So really these plants provide power to 10% of the houses, significant but still not critical, meaning that it enough to mean that there will no longer be excess capacity and rates may go up, but not enough to mean that there will necessarily be rolling blackouts, especially if there is a realization that conservation is a major part of the solution.

      --
      "She's a scientist and a lesbian. She's not going to let it slide." Orphan Black
    5. Re:Economics by AmiMoJo · · Score: 2

      Yes, yes it is. What was your point? I didn't mention coal, you did.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
  6. Re:Natural Gas & Coal by Spoke · · Score: 3, Informative

    With all the talk of Santa Ana Winds I think there's an opportunity to build some of these wind farms in SoCal.

    There's quite a bit of wind and solar plants being built right now to accomate the renewable energy mandate in California.

    The utilities in the state have until 2020 to increase renewable energy production to 33% of total energy production and they aren't half-way there yet.

  7. Who pays? The usual suspects... by NotQuiteReal · · Score: 3, Informative

    Anyone with money pays.

    I just received a chatty letter from SDG&E, mostly blather about how they are saving money at the SDG&E office by cutting down on energy and water use, reducing paper use, updating their vehicle fleet, etc... BLAH BLAH BLAH...

    The gist of the letter is "about a quarter of our customers will see a noticeable increase in their bills in September..." (due to the San Onofre shutdown).

    How much? "If your bill is typically around $100... about $15" -- "If your bill is usually about $250... about $75". (and I am sure it goes higher - see the non-linear trend? 2.5x bill - 5x extra cost... bearing in mind the bill itself is already tiered.

    Meh, what's another $1000 a year to live in the Golden State. Guess I need to fire some more of my household staff to make up the difference (as if - but seriously, middle income folks who haven't had a raise in a few years do tend to cut back on stuff like gardeners and house cleaners to make up for new taxes and other stuff like this... cancel the gym membership, do my own gardening. Net same cost to me, two businesses lose out on my patronage and the economy shrinks a bit more.)

    --
    This issue is a bit more complicated than you think.
    1. Re:Who pays? The usual suspects... by Jeremi · · Score: 2

      Meh, what's another $1000 a year to live in the Golden State.

      Given than it's sunny SoCal, you might look into getting solar panels for your roof, if you have one handy. Depending on financing, the price may be lower than what you're paying now (or what you will be paying in September), and even if it's not, at least the costs will be 100% predictable -- the incidence of unexpected stator corrosion in solar arrays is vanishingly small. ;)

      --


      I don't care if it's 90,000 hectares. That lake was not my doing.
  8. Re:Natural Gas & Coal by rgmoore · · Score: 2

    With all the talk of Santa Ana Winds I think there's an opportunity to build some of these wind farms in SoCal.

    The Santa Anas are the wrong kind of wind for power generation because they blow only part of the time but very strongly when they are blowing. That means you need to build the turbines to be very strong to resist the peak winds, but you won't get to benefit from that strength most of the time. The ideal winds for power generation are more or less constant speed.

    That said, there is a fair amount of wind power generation in Southern California. There are large wind farms built to take advantage of the wind funnel effects of the San Gorgonio and Tehachapi passes.

    --

    There's no point in questioning authority if you aren't going to listen to the answers.

  9. Re:i still suspect Enron. by Rockoon · · Score: 2

    Not to mention that California did have retail caps on the price of energy, and the way they implemented that ("soft caps") was part of the problem of their energy crisis. Once they became an importer of energy (while allowing exports!), all those nonsensical regulations became a weapon to be used against them.

    The regulation apologists want you to think that the crisis was a manufactured financial one, rather than a over-regulated supply one. In reality it was both, with one enabling the other.

    --
    "His name was James Damore."
  10. Re:It is called "Dolly Parton" by demonlapin · · Score: 2

    My half-brother is a sound guy. Lived in Nashville for years, and one day he had to put a lavalier mic on Dolly. He was a little timid at first, until Dolly told him "Don't worry, son, they don't bite."

  11. Re:Boobies by aaarrrgggh · · Score: 3, Funny

    Pre or post melt-down?

  12. News for Nerds, Stuff that Matters by Teancum · · Score: 2

    I can't imagine anything more "geeky" or "stuff that matters" than talking about the effects of shutting down nuclear power around the world. Building nuclear power plants is the ultimate in nerd culture, where nuclear engineering used to be the hot college major that everybody with half a brain would try to enroll into and where you would find all of the math nerds who wanted to make money.

    As for the consequences of nuclear power, it really doesn't matter what your political leanings might be, this is pretty interesting stuff and something that really does have a long-term impact upon human society. You might be at odds about the approach that should be taken and if shutting down all of these nuclear power plants is a good or bad thing to do, but it really matters to very ordinary people who receive the electrical power from these plants. It certainly has a major impact upon your day to day activities and your monthly utility bills, not to mention just about every other aspect of your daily life in the 21st Century.

    That is also sort of the point of the article, that a bunch of people who should know better are missing an important story that is not currently a part of the national or international forum of ideas. It really does matter.

  13. Re:i still suspect Enron. by Teancum · · Score: 2

    It was screwy half-hearted deregulation where in many ways the worst parts were deregulated but the parts that really would spur on competition were kept heavily in regulations. It still is near impossible for a neighborhood to build a bunch of solar cell panels and small wind turbines as a neighborhood power co-op and sell the excess power on the grid (possible, but very difficult and full of regulations). That is the kind of thing that needs to happen.

    It really is so weird that to go through the California regulations on power needs a full time team of lawyers (not just a single lawyer) even for a small neighborhood group, much less a private individual. The big power companies have those teams, which is why those kind of regulations stay in place. The de-regulation was simply that once the lawyers figured out how to weasel their way through the regulations and required forms, that the state couldn't stop them from any subsequent actions.

  14. Gardeners? Middle Income? What? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    middle income folks who haven't had a raise in a few years do tend to cut back on stuff like gardeners and house cleaners to make up for new taxes and other stuff like this...

    Hmm.. middle income must mean something completely different in the Golden State.

    Here in the midwest, it surely doesn't correspond to gardeners and house maids.

  15. Re:i still suspect Enron. by HornWumpus · · Score: 2

    Of course Enron didn't have all that much to say about the CA power pool. Being outsiders and all they were more or less ignored.

    Also note: The lack of new plants, which was the fundamental problem, was under ratebase.

    --
    John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
  16. Re:i still suspect Enron. by Teancum · · Score: 2

    Of course it is by design. That is where those who want to see more government regulations "to help protect the little guy" end up being mere pawns in the grand games of these big companies and end up screwing "the little guy" far more than if they simply kept their trap shut.

    The best way to cut down on bribery is to simply make the situation so elected officials can't do anything... because the government can't do anything. Nobody cares to lobby a government official who is on a committee with no responsibilities.... or at least only in charge of a budget so small that the lobbying amounts to be nothing more than advertisements in the Sunday newspaper. The problem is when you have officials in charge of trillion dollar budgets, spending a couple hundred million is just pocket change on any project you might be working on.