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New Jersey Congressman Seeks To Bar NSA Backdoors In Encryption

Frosty P writes "Congressman Rush D. Holt, a New Jersey Democrat, has proposed legislation (summary, full text) that would prohibit the agency from installing 'back doors' into encryption, the electronic scrambling that protects e-mail, online transactions and other communications. Representative Holt, a physicist, said Friday that he believed the NSA was overreaching and could hurt American interests, including the reputations of American companies whose products the agency may have altered or influenced. 'We pay them to spy,' Mr. Holt said. 'But if in the process they degrade the security of the encryption we all use, it's a net national disservice.'"

42 of 200 comments (clear)

  1. Pointless posturing by Scutter · · Score: 5, Insightful

    A law to stop the NSA? Yeah, that oughta do the trick. *rolls eyes*

    --

    "Tell me doctor, with all of your defenses, are there any provisions for an attack by killer bees?"
    1. Re:Pointless posturing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      A law to stop the NSA? Yeah, that oughta do the trick. *rolls eyes*

      Well, it is politics. And who knows, maybe he's just offering up another law the government will pass and then ignore, all the while telling us that it has restrained their efforts.

      At this point I'd need independent verification of a weather report if it was supplied by our government.

    2. Re:Pointless posturing by Red+Jesus · · Score: 5, Informative

      Whoa, now. While it's true that the NSA has a history of disregarding the law, it's bad to fall into the trap of believing that there's no point to creating such laws at all.

      What do you want Congressman Holt do? Rip off his shirt and physically attack James Clapper? That's not going to help curtail the powers of the NSA and you know it. Congress creates laws. That's what they're supposed to do. If you think the law is a good idea, then proposing the law isn't "pointless posturing," it's Congress' job.

      It's easy to get so lost in cynicism that you stop believing that forward progress is possible. But it's an ugly fact that many of the NSA's recent activities have had explicit Congressional approval. Revoking that approval is an essential step to fixing the situation, and Congressman Holt should be applauded for attempting to do so.

    3. Re:Pointless posturing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Well all the good congressman and his peers need to do is de-fund the NSA and their activities. No Bucks, no retards spying on everybody but you see it's no secret that the intelligence committees in the House and Senate have members who create rules themselves and classify information, denying basic information to the rest of their congressional counterparts. Not only do you have the NSA spying on everybody, you have the committees keeping it a secret from the rest of congress! What a great and open system we have! What's more disgusting is that these assholes, the ones who defend the NSA the most fervently, receive lots of campaign contributions from guess who? companies with vested interests in keeping the system going because they provide services and technology to guess what the NSA. This is why the seniority system in DC is bad, very bad for our rights and our nation.

      It's time to do three things in this country. 1) Introduce term limits for congress. Sorry, Feinbitch, McShame, you're time is up and it's clear you don't have the best interests in mind for our country. 2) Change campaign funding legislation and limit all contributions to $1000 from any company or private party. 3) We need to re-introduce Stocks (not the wall street kind) in DC and start putting these assholes in them for a week or two, I'm sure it will be a boost to the local economy in terms of travel and vendors selling rotten tomatoes.

    4. Re:Pointless posturing by Scutter · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I would like our current laws to be enforced. If the NSA is violating the law, those responsible should be prosecuted. If they aren't enforced, then there is literally no point in creating new laws.

      --

      "Tell me doctor, with all of your defenses, are there any provisions for an attack by killer bees?"
    5. Re:Pointless posturing by PopeRatzo · · Score: 2

      At this point I'd need independent verification of a weather report if it was supplied by our government.

      It's why the government invented windows that open.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    6. Re:Pointless posturing by AHuxley · · Score: 2

      It seems a lot of CS and other grads missed the basics of testing/coding/understanding/selling/buying/reading up on .....encryption too.
      If they had a hint of something extra in their hardware/software why did they not notice, speak up, go to a conference?
      It seems as if the world fell for the hardware and software exports without saying too much...over many years, so many staffing changes...
      All just too happy to install the new devices/upgrade and let their own govs trust it?

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
    7. Re:Pointless posturing by Jah-Wren+Ryel · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I would like our current laws to be enforced.

      As John Oliver said on the Daily Show when these stories started to break:

      "Mr. President, no one is saying you broke any laws, we're just saying it's a little bit weird you didn't have to."

      --
      When information is power, privacy is freedom.
    8. Re:Pointless posturing by bondsbw · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Any law that the NSA violates puts them at risk in court, and this could be especially hazardous as political climates change.

      If the law isn't being enforced, that is the direct fault of the the President of the United States. He is in charge of enforcement, especially of executing laws related to national security. Don't weaken the law simply because the President fails to act.

      --
      All my liberal friends think I'm a conservative, all my conservative friends think I'm a liberal.
    9. Re:Pointless posturing by b4upoo · · Score: 2

      It is rare that laws can restrain government in areas that approach national security. First there are problems with statutes of limitations as usually things are discovered too late for legal remedy. Then there is an issue as to who prosecution should be focused. Since the president directs the armed forces there is a certain power of office that demands action when it involves threats to national security. Then there is the simple fact that ways to get around the laws are known to government agencies. For example if a back door is created and installed in a product it could be done off shore. That makes American law inapplicable in many cases. Phone intercepts have been handled that way for many decades. The signal is diverted to England where it is decoded and sent back along the wire. Even the use of torture has the same gimmick. We put prisoners in the hands of foreign powers knowing full well that they will be tortured even to death in order to gain information. This goes on today by the way. And our government will claim they do not know what foreign governments do. A list of secret prisons outside the US that exist for US prisoners is easy to come by as it has been on the web.

    10. Re:Pointless posturing by Joce640k · · Score: 2

      Just be thankful they don't feel the urge to explain what 'scrambling' is.

      (Somehow everybody knows what 'scrambling' is. From birth.)

      --
      No sig today...
    11. Re:Pointless posturing by istartedi · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I would like our current laws to be enforced

      And... Enforcement is the job of the Executive Branch, not Congress. Lots O' luck.

      --
      For all intensive purposes, "whom" is no longer a word. That begs the question, "who cares"?
    12. Re:Pointless posturing by zippthorne · · Score: 2

      Is there encryption that works like "scrambling"? (i.e. requiring the decryption of the entire message because information about each character is spread out to the whole thing?)

      From what I've read (not much, so I'm probably totally off base), I think such encryption would be pretty ideal, and maybe is naive explanation of what's going on in each block of a block cipher, but would be murder on cpu for any message larger than a small email...

      --
      Can you be Even More Awesome?!
    13. Re:Pointless posturing by swillden · · Score: 5, Informative

      A law to stop the NSA? Yeah, that oughta do the trick. *rolls eyes*

      Your cynicism has run away with your sense.

      The NSA has clearly been breaking the law, but they've been doing it through a series of rationalizations, and they've just been edging over the line, not just ignoring the law completely. Specifically, they have redefined the word "collection" to mean "reading", which allows them to hoover up all the information they can get access to and then only later have to decide what they can legally look at and what they can't. And, of course, once they have the data, mistakes are inevitably made or in some cases they may even decide flat out that there is sufficient justification to ignore the law "in this case". And of course there has been no law at all against installing back doors, just a tension with the other mission of the NSA, which is to ensure the security of US signals. Again, some rationalization can allow them to get past that.

      That's the kind of thing that it's very easy for good people who feel like they're working for the higher good to do. They can easily tell themselves that they're following the law except in isolated cases where it really, really matters because they have really, really good reasons.

      A law like this would be different, because backdooring systems must be done well in advance of any specific case where the backdoor would be used, making it extraordinarily difficult to rationalize it... and also making violations abundantly clear. To really make certain, the law should apply severe criminal penalties to anyone who knew about and didn't report the violation.

      I would like to see the law also require them to quietly go about closing all of the backdoors/weaknesses they've already put in place.

      Another change to the law that I think would be very useful is to explicitly clarify the definition of "collect". Granted that it's impossible in many cases not to collect a little extra data alongside the stuff that you're really trying to grab, but that could be addressed by specifying data retention limits in the law. Perhaps they should only have 24 hours to evaluate the origin/destination of captured data, and then be required by law to discard anything that they can't substantiate as being lawful for them to collect. Another suggestion I've heard would allow the NSA to capture everything they want, but would require them to immediately escrow all of it with a court or other agency, from whom they could request the pieces they can show they should have access to. That court or agency would, of course, have as its primary job to ensure the NSA doesn't cross the lines.

      --
      Note to ACs: I usually delete AC replies without reading them. If you want to talk to me, log in.
    14. Re:Pointless posturing by aaaaaaargh! · · Score: 3, Informative

      Yes, that's called an All-or-nothing Transform. It's computationally cheap but not yet used very widely.

    15. Re:Pointless posturing by Spiked_Three · · Score: 2, Interesting

      It is people like you, naive about reality, that has the US in the predicament it is today.

      Try suing the NSA, good luck.

      Hell, try suing the IRS or even ATT for that matter, and for pretty much anything .... good luck.

      And blame it on the president? WTF? Are you a silver spoon fed child?

      --
      slashdot troll = you make a compelling argument I do not like the implications of.
    16. Re:Pointless posturing by Black+Parrot · · Score: 2

      Whoa, now. While it's true that the NSA has a history of disregarding the law, it's bad to fall into the trap of believing that there's no point to creating such laws at all.

      What do you want Congressman Holt do?

      Demand accountability under the existing laws, and if he can't get that, impeach whoever is the head of the branch of government that runs the NSA.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    17. Re:Pointless posturing by greenbird · · Score: 3, Insightful

      And... Enforcement is the job of the Executive Branch, not Congress. Lots O' luck.

      Congress has the ultimate tool of enforcement in the form of impeachment.

      Yeah. I said it. What Obama's administration has done (and his predecessors) far surpasses anything Nixon did in the realms of violating the law and covering it up. This includes a fair number of congress critters also.

      Note the "and his predecessors": This is NOT a partisan issue. The whole lot should be thrown in jail.

      --
      Who is John Galt?
    18. Re:Pointless posturing by kenh · · Score: 2

      A lot of taxpayer dollars go into providing that "free" weather data - about $5.1BN this current fiscal year (FY 2013).

      --
      Ken
    19. Re: Pointless posturing by AlphaWoIf_HK · · Score: 2

      Yes, it does take years to get government thugs to obey the very thing which gives them any power at all, but I was aware of that.

      --
      Da derp dee derp da teedly derpee derpee dum. Rated PG-13.
    20. Re:Pointless posturing by X.25 · · Score: 2

      I would like our current laws to be enforced. If the NSA is violating the law, those responsible should be prosecuted. If they aren't enforced, then there is literally no point in creating new laws.

      Hahaha. You are so naive.

      Just look what happened In NZ. Spies have been found guilty of breaking laws, but police won't lift a finger, because of missing "criminal intent".

      They are all, literally, laughing at us.

    21. Re:Pointless posturing by thoth · · Score: 2

      It's time to do three things in this country. 1) Introduce term limits for congress. Sorry, Feinbitch, McShame, you're time is up and it's clear you don't have the best interests in mind for our country. 2) Change campaign funding legislation and limit all contributions to $1000 from any company or private party. 3) We need to re-introduce Stocks (not the wall street kind) in DC and start putting these assholes in them for a week or two, I'm sure it will be a boost to the local economy in terms of travel and vendors selling rotten tomatoes.

      I'm sure these changes will make you feel good and all... but you do realize these would all be Amendments to the Constitution - right?

      1) Term limits - no mention of any kind of limit at all, not even ORIGINALLY for the President. The 22nd amendment isn't even that old.
      2) Funding limits - I'd like to see that too, but it turns out petitioning the government is a FIRST amendment right, and it sucks to be not as wealthy/organized as lobbyists, but that isn't UNconstitutional for them. Recently upheld in the Citizens United case. There is a butthole of capitalism and the free market, and this may well be it.
      3) Stockades - yeah except for that pesky 8th amendment.

      #2 bugs me, but it isn't any different than how zealously gun lobbyists defend the 2nd amendment.

    22. Re:Pointless posturing by Gr8Apes · · Score: 2

      I'd like Holt to hold Clapper in contempt of congress for lying on the stand under oath, and throw him in jail. That would be a good start. Then hit the next lying bastard, all the way down the line until they find someone honest, and put them in the top spot.

      --
      The cesspool just got a check and balance.
    23. Re:Pointless posturing by AlphaWoIf_HK · · Score: 2

      So people who say that the government is violating constitutional rights look like nuts? Free speech zones, the TSA, the NSA spying, protest permits, etc. The government does many things that violate the constitution, and it does so quite openly to such a degree that there is practically no room for debate.

      --
      Da derp dee derp da teedly derpee derpee dum. Rated PG-13.
    24. Re:Pointless posturing by AlphaWoIf_HK · · Score: 2

      Why would the government send people who want to give the government more power to jail? Unless the public catches wind of the corruption and there's enough backlash, that simply isn't going to happen.

      --
      Da derp dee derp da teedly derpee derpee dum. Rated PG-13.
  2. Locks? by QuantumLeaper · · Score: 5, Insightful

    If the NSA can get through a Backdoor, how do you know if a competitor or enemy is not getting in though the same backdoor?

    1. Re:Locks? by Teancum · · Score: 2

      If the NSA can get through a Backdoor, how do you know if a competitor or enemy is not getting in though the same backdoor?

      You don't. It is as simple as that.

      There are some at the NSA who really do try to make encryption which is really good... hence why it would be used for military applications as it can't be as easily decrypted. Still, it doesn't hurt to get the best guys in the business to at least try cracking this stuff.

      There are quite a few non-classified papers that have been authored by NSA employees over the years, and their work has been used for improving cryptography tools by people who have a clue about this stuff who also do software development. Simply put, if the NSA thinks that a particular encryption method is vulnerable, you should be paying attention very closely and likely be shifting to something else. If you keep using that same encryption method in spite of the warning, that is your own damn fault for not paying attention.

      Of course there are a lot of home grown encryption hobbyists who think they know better than the real pros and try to come up with something better. On a very rare occasion, they might come up with something really good, but far more often they simply repeat mistakes made in the past or simply duplicate encryption concepts that have long since been broken.

      Of course you can convince some MBA managers of software teams that double ROT-13 encryption is strong enough for the kinds of things they are doing.

    2. Re:Locks? by djmurdoch · · Score: 2

      Simply put, if the NSA thinks that a particular encryption method is vulnerable, you should be paying attention very closely and likely be shifting to something else.

      And Bruce Schneier is saying that since the NSA is encouraging you to use elliptic curve encryption, that's an indication that you shouldn't use it.

      So don't use what they recommend, and don't use what they don't recommend. Makes the choice easy, doesn't it?

    3. Re:Locks? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

      You can also use the same sort of mathematics that makes DH, ECDH, RSA and ECDSA possible to design secure-looking moduli or curves (in the case of ECDH and ECDSA) that are secure as long as you don't know the parameters used to generate the curve. It's basically DSA/DH but with three factors instead of the usual two.

      Both parties know the curve (it's a published standard), and one party (the guy with the private key) has both factors of the configuration parameter, the other party knows only the composite of the two secret factors (the public key). Now the exchanged nonce can be obtained by either the party with the private key or the party with the curve factors (the NSA).

      It is speculated that some published curves for ECDSA, have been designed in such a way that some aspect of their generation that is only known to the NSA allows elliptic curve solutions to be rapidly reduced. It is at least well known by cryptographers that certain curves are insecure in any usage, and that other curves might be designed to be trivially reduced only with some knowledge of the parameters used to generate them. What is not known is whether designing curves in such a manner doesn't also make them weak to other yet-to-be-discovered reduction methods.

      Interesting tidbit: there is no theory of security* for either ECDSA, RSA or DH, faith in all of these public key cryptographies rests solely on the lack of a theory of insecurity for them and the belief that if it were easy to create a theory of insecurity, someone would have published one by now (and some partial reductions of RSA have been published, prompting the necessity of using larger RSA keys than previously thought necessary)

      * For commonly used symmetric block ciphers, theories of security exist, that is there is good mathematical reason to believe they are secure and not merely presumption.

    4. Re:Locks? by Teancum · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The NSA is interested in people using encryption /it/ can break but others cannot. This helps maintain its monopoly on secrets, which is the source of its power (that it may also be useful in protecting American businesses and interests from foreign penetration is a bonus). Therefore it will point you towards stronger tools if it can, so its advice is not totally without merit.

      The kinds of people that publish non-classified papers about encryption by the NSA also know damn well that there are other very smart people around the world who do not work for the NSA, the U.S. federal government, or even give a damn about America.

      Seriously, where do you come up with this crap?

      Yes, if you see something published by the NSA, perhaps take it with a grain of salt and do your own kind of analysis. Learn a bit about mathematics first and understand not just that they have pontificated about some sort of algorithm but understand why they came to those conclusions. If not yourself, then at least find somebody who you can trust.

      There are secure encryption methods that are being used, and there is a good reason why the NSA wants to be assisting with the larger cryptographic community in developing secure forms of communication. Don't get into this kind of conspiracy theory bullshit and claim that they have some kind of mystical powers that simply don't exist. The NSA doesn't have any sort of monopoly over the concept, and of course neither did the Germans with the Enigma machine. In fact, it would have helped the Germans in World War II to have at least discussed their design with a few mathematicians prior to spending so much effort building the device rather than being so damn clever that some of the design ideas actually backfired and made it easier to crack that encryption method.... not that the guys at Bletchley Park complained if German engineers made their job easier.

      NSA agents aren't gods. They are good at what they do because they are professionals who do encryption on a full time basis and have received advanced training in mathematics. It is sufficient training that some of those people could teach mathematics as a professor at almost any university in the world, yet they choose to use their efforts to understand encryption in regards to the country they serve. That doesn't make them sinister, just patriots... patriots that know there are people just like them in other countries around the world.

      Besides, all encryption, from any point in history, has always been an issue of how much effort must be applied in order to break the code, not the question as to if the message can be read at all. If you need the services of a server farm covering a hundred acres working for a month in order to crack a message, you've done your job. The NSA isn't going to be applying that kind of brute force decryption effort on love letters between you and your girlfriend.

    5. Re:Locks? by Pav · · Score: 2

      This raises another important issue : powerful, well resourced adversaries - security professionals often don't seriously considered trying to guard against them, or even that it's worth trying... which is why we're so pathetic regarding the NSA threat.

      There are many powerful adversaries out there - national intelligence agencies of all stripes, powerful private intelligence agencies (eg. the mercinary company Blackwater is getting into this), organised crime, media organisations, even coalitions/alliances of these etc... Ignoring well resourced threats as too hard is frankly defeatist and a mistake.

      These actors are even facing the same threats from eachother, so could even be our allies on the defense side, and some already are eg. cooperating with the open source community on Tor for instance. Perhaps we on the defence side should think in terms of a cartoonish uber-resourced adversary eg. Chaos (from the old TV show "Get Smart") to de-politicise development of these tools ie. no stated real-world adversary (eg. China, the NSA etc...). We want all security experts to be able to cooperate developing these important tools without appearing to be working against their own organisations.

    6. Re: Locks? by DarkTempes · · Score: 3, Insightful

      They knew where the signal was coming from geographically and recognized the scheme/time/pattern that said 'Hey, I'm German encryption!' or 'Hey, I'm Japanese encryption!'

      There are very few absolutes in life, if any, and it is probable that one can be absolutely sure that they were not spying on law abiding citizens in their own country when intercepting German messages.

      The NSA is spying on its citizens in the name of preventing a terrorist attack, right? Ok, so at best they'll save a few thousand lives at the cost of billions of dollars while violating laws and rights.

      That doesn't really seem worth it to me. If the goal is to save a few thousand lives we could certainly spend the money better.
      Simple educational programs for drivers would save more lives.

  3. 100 points for effort by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    but if you're worrying about the reputation of US companies, you're too late.

    1. Re:100 points for effort by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Yesterday's news marks the very first day for what will become a very bad time for American closed source security products. It would almost have been better for them if Snowden had been able to leak the actually collaborating and subverted companies names rather than just the generalization "all major ones" - because as it stands now, big or small, they are all equally guilty and will suffer the democratic process their customers voting with their feet/wallets abandoning their backdoored closed source products. They all gave guarantee's of being secure before and the PR departments are working overtime to try and maintain the illusion, but it is a hopeless battle now... trust once lost is veery hard to recuperate.

      but if you're worrying about the reputation of US companies, you're too late.

      Especially when there is an army of politicians - all ONE of them AFAIK - calling this out.

  4. Net Loss by m2pc · · Score: 2

    The fact (if it can ever be concretely proven as such) that the NSA has influenced the encryption algorithms to make them less secure has completely undermined the fundamental trust that was intentionally put in place to allow secure online transactions to occur. Without this trust, much of the value of the Internet is lost. SSL is based on a specific chain of trust from the browser all the way to the Certifying Authority and the entities that allow them to act as such. If this chain is indeed broken as is suspected, then there is a major problem that needs to be fixed.

  5. This is a stupid idea. by tlambert · · Score: 3, Informative

    This is a stupid idea. The 1976 consultation between the NSA and IBM over DES resulted in a stronger DES. The NSA couldn't disclose what it knew about how to easily attack the DES as it was originally proposed, and it took about 8 years for an academic researcher to understand why the original algorithm was actually weaker than the one with the proposed NSA modifications.

    They are doing some rather asshole things at the moment (at the behest of the Federal Government - "We were just following orders"), but they tend not to screw with cryptography which is allowed to be on the GSA schedule when embodied in communications equipment for sale to the U.S.Military.

    1. Re:This is a stupid idea. by Jah-Wren+Ryel · · Score: 5, Interesting

      but they tend not to screw with cryptography which is allowed to be on the GSA schedule when embodied in communications equipment for sale to the U.S.Military.

      So the NSA did not screw with Dual_EC_DRBG in the NIST standard? Or is it just that any hardware which implements Dual_EC_DRBG is going to be rejected without explanation when it is submitted for FIPS 140 certification?

      --
      When information is power, privacy is freedom.
  6. Question? by arthurpaliden · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Is he permitted to hold his seat in Congress if he is in Gitmo?

  7. Re:the real problem by AlphaWoIf_HK · · Score: 2

    When bad guys use encryption to conceal their activities, we need to be able to decrypt it.

    The people in the NSA (and the government in general) are the "bad guys." Anyway, why are you so worried about a nonexistent threat? The government is more of a threat to you (as in, your individual liberties, and if you're one of the few who make them angry, your well-being) than these fabled "bad guys" who use encryption.

    Crippling the NSA is not the answer.

    Yes, it is; they're human garbage.

    The real problem is oversight. FISA is little more than a rubber stamp for whatever the intelligence services want to do.

    That's only part of the problem. You'll never have effective oversight unless the public can always see what they're doing, and even then, the public might just accept the injustices. Furthermore, even if we did have "effective oversight," we'd just have another TSA on our hands; in other words, an organization that quite openly violates people's individual liberties.

    We need stronger oversight to protect the privacy of law abiding citizens, not a weaker ability to catch bad guys.

    What do you suggest we do to catch these "bad guys"? Intentionally weaken all encryption? After all, if we advocate the use of strong encryption, these fabled "bad guys," who apparently aren't using it already, might use it, too!

    The notion that I must weaken my own security and put up with blatant government overreach (and putting backdoors in encryption software is overreact) all to stop some "bad guys" is something I find disgusting.

    --
    Da derp dee derp da teedly derpee derpee dum. Rated PG-13.
  8. Re: the real problem by spirit_fingers · · Score: 2

    Religious psychos don't need an invasion to provoke them. They kill people simply for disagreeing with them.

  9. Remember the Huawei ban? by John+Jorsett · · Score: 3, Insightful

    If you want an example of how getting a reputation for even the potential of embedded backdoors in your products can bite you, recall the ban imposed on Huawei network products by the US and Australia's National Broadcast Network. These revelations about the NSA's activities and US companies who roll over for them will definitely hurt sales of US products. I'll bet there are some marketing campaigns already being mulled over that would say, "Unlike our US competition, we aren't subject to demands from the NSA, and if they ever approach us, we'll tell them where to stick it." At least, that's what I'd be considering if I were a foreign telecom manufacturer.

  10. First the Stick, THEN the carrot. by dweller_below · · Score: 3, Insightful
    Congressman Holt,

    Thanks for your efforts. But please remember that you have other, more effective tools at your disposal. The NSA has shown themselves a master in creative interpretation of law. Any new law will be twisted to their purposes. Then there will be years of appeals in the courts. Before you attempt new laws, you should immediately reassert Congress's most basic and irresistible power: The power to control the purse.

    Your first act should be to slash the NSA's budget in half.

    It is like working with a mule. First, you have to get their attention. As you slash their budget, explain that many of the NSA's actions have been dishonest. They have created long term problems for the rest of the country. And they have been spending their budget in ways that congress does not approve.

    After you slash their budget, ask them to give the complete Congress a full accounting of how they intend to spend their remaining budget. Give them a week.

    If they waffle or present an incomplete accounting, then cut their remaining budget in half.

    Don't worry about the NSA. They have tens of billions of budget. You can cut their budget in half several times and they will still be able to support their best analysts. Their hardware is cheaper and more powerful than ever before. Even after the cuts, they will be as effective as any time in the past few decades. But, the cuts will remove their ability to dominate entire industries. And they will not be able to use that support to justify their illegal and unethical acts. And that is a good thing.

    Above all, don't let the executive branch deter you. Controlling budget is your natural, constitutionally mandated role. Congress has been shirking their duties lately. The Black Budget has been a shameful abrogation of your responsibilities. Controlling the budget of the executive branch is your job. Don't let anybody talk you out of it.

    It may take several rounds of budget cuts, but eventually they will come back in line. Then you can use law to guide them.