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Flies See the World In Slo-Mo, Say Researchers

An anonymous reader writes "'The smaller an animal is, and the faster its metabolic rate, the slower time passes for it, scientists found. This means that across a wide range of species, time perception is directly related to size, with animals smaller than us seeing the world in slow motion.' No wonder it took so long to grow up!" Here's the original paper.

34 of 176 comments (clear)

  1. Seniors see the world at blazing speeds by Russ1642 · · Score: 5, Funny

    Sitting in the left lane going ten under the speed limit while the world screams by.

    1. Re:Seniors see the world at blazing speeds by Valdrax · · Score: 2

      Seniors see the world at blazing speeds... [s]itting in the left lane going ten under the speed limit while the world screams by.

      Well sure. Everyone knows that children grow at an impressive rate. By the time they reach 18, they are twice as large as they were at age 2. Extrapolating from that, by the time they are in their late 60s, the average senior citizen is nearly 50 feet tall and thus perceives the world at a fraction of the rate we young people do. You can see it best in how slowly they change their opinions. From their lofty perspective, nothing has changed.

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    2. Re:Seniors see the world at blazing speeds by robinsonne · · Score: 2

      You must know some really tiny 18-year-olds or some really big 2-year-olds! Most people I know are much more than twice as large as a 2-year-old when they become an adult.

      Unless you mean brain size, in which case I think you're being generous to many adults.

    3. Re:Seniors see the world at blazing speeds by dpilot · · Score: 4, Informative

      Actually no. He's quoting the "pediatrician's rule of thumb", approximately.

      Final height as an adult can be guessed by doubling a boy's height at 2 years, or a girls height at 18 months. Worked pretty well for both of my kids. (one of each)

      --
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    4. Re:Seniors see the world at blazing speeds by nedlohs · · Score: 2

      I think you might live in a world of very large adults or very small children in fact.

      Given the extrapolation given was for height, height is what is being talked about. And the average two year old in the US is a little over half the height of the average 18 year old (here's one reference: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr010.pdf).

      If you mean weight, then sure, but then the extrapolation makes no sense.

    5. Re:Seniors see the world at blazing speeds by Solandri · · Score: 4, Interesting

      You joke, but I really think there is something to this.

      When I was in first or second grade (1970s), the U.S. was in the middle of its metric conversion program. We were taught the size of a cm vs an inch, the weight of a gram vs. an ounce, etc. I came up with some equivalencies on my own to help me remember everything. A cm was about the width of my thumb at the time. An inch was the length of of my folded middle finger. A foot was about the length of of my fist to my elbow... (Obviously none of these work anymore because I was a lot smaller back then.)

      Then we got to time. How long is a second? I tried counting "one one-thousand, two one-thousand" in my head like my teacher had suggested. It was too fast. I eventually came up with a "one (pause) and a two (pause) and a..." chant which (for me) accurately measured out each second.

      I'm in my 40s now and if I try my old timing chant, it's too slow. Each second I count takes nearly 2 seconds real-time. The "one one-thousand, two one-thousand" mnemonic now works for me. This also matches my memories of staring at the second hand on the clock in class, waiting for the time to pass so school would end. I watch a clock (with a second hand) today and it seems to move almost twice as fast as I remember it moving back then.

      My timing hasn't changed. I started playing piano in second grade. When I listen to old tape recordings of songs I still play, my tempo hasn't changed. The only explanation I can come up with is that my verbal and visual processing has slowed down with age. My piano playing has had the tempo reinforced every time I hear a recording of a piece, so it gradually (to my brain) sped up over the years to keep pace with my slower processing.

  2. Re: oh no by Badblackdog · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I get the same slow perception of time when I get baked.

  3. Makes complete sense by GodfatherofSoul · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I remember as a kid watching a sparrow fly through a chain link fence and thinking that kind of reaction time was impossible. Plus, when you look at the reaction time of smaller animals to a perceived threat (you trying to sneak up on one), we can't come close at our size.

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    1. Re:Makes complete sense by Ogive17 · · Score: 5, Funny

      You haven't seen my reaction time when I spot a spider.

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    2. Re:Makes complete sense by Jason+Levine · · Score: 3, Funny

      I've thought of this too every time I try to swat a fly that found its way into my house. Flies seem to be able to do aerial maneuvers in reaction to threats that you would think impossible given their tiny brains. I often wondered if it wasn't that they were so quick, but that (to them) I was moving so slow. This might also explain why they seem to like buzzing right by me when I'm trying to kill them. They're taunting the big creature moving in slow motion. "You think you can catch me? I'm right in front of you. Nope. Now I'm over here. Over here. Over here. Too slow. Try and catch me." *zips into another room*

      --
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    3. Re:Makes complete sense by dpilot · · Score: 2

      Think about this for a moment from an evolutionary point of view. It make sense for the sampling rate of your brain to be geared to your body size - really to your ability to make your body move. In essence, if you could think/sample faster it usually wouldn't matter because you normally couldn't translate those faster thoughts into appropriate actions. Then add the fact that the brain is the densest user of energy in the body. To speed your thinking/sampling rate would likely mean burning more energy, and it usually wouldn't pay.

      It's simple conservation and moving toward a balanced design.

      (I say "usually" above when justifying slower thought because sometimes faster thinking might select a better course of action before starting to move. Also usually, once you've committed to moving, faster thinking might make you re-think your move when you're body is too slow to change course anyway. In that case, instead of "action A" (the original) or :action B" (the update) you might get some sort of hybrid "action C", which would be worse than either of the others.)

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    4. Re:Makes complete sense by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      To kill flies (on a horizontal surface) with a high success rate, slowly move your hands near the fly so that your hands are about three inches above the surface and six inches apart. You should have the fly centered between your hands. That's the hard part-- getting into that position without spooking the fly.

      Now, as fast as you can, clap your hands once and leave them together. Usually the fly will fly straight up between your hands. Unfortunately, killing the fly may require some mashing your hands around, or you can catch-and-release the fly to the outdoors assuming you can get outside without the use of your hands. It is sometimes possible to maneuver the fly around so you can get it pinched between two fingers to free up one of your hands.

    5. Re:Makes complete sense by Walking+The+Walk · · Score: 2

      I've thought of this too every time I try to swat a fly that found its way into my house. Flies seem to be able to do aerial maneuvers in reaction to threats that you would think impossible given their tiny brains.

      I thought it was because your hand creates a big buffer of air in front of it, like a bow wave. The fly is so small, it's easily buffeted ahead and aside, so any manoeuvring gets it out of the line of your hand. Even easier when your hand approaches a hard surface - then the air squishes out to the sides, and the fly goes out with it. This is probably easier to visualize in a body of water - float a cork or a small piece of plastic in your sink, put your hand in the water, then try to squish the item up against the side of the sink. It won't work most of the time, as the bow wave will push the item off to one side, and it only gets worse the faster your move your hand.

      I expect that's why fly swatters are just a mesh - so the air can flow through without creating an air buffer.

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    6. Re:Makes complete sense by mikael · · Score: 2

      The trick is that flies don't think about flying like the way a human would fly a plane - they react by something called "optic flow". Basically flight control is governed directly by the relative motion of different areas of their visual field and the resulting neuron activity. Moving straight ahead causes all objects to move away from the centre of vision. Moving backwards, causes objects to move towards the centre of vision. Turning will cause a couple of areas to remain static while others move rapidly. Reaction to threats is simply "if a shadow rapidly gets larger then fly away towards a bright patch of light."

      Though I am sure that a couple of times that I've missed swatting a large fly, they fly back and around to inspect what attempted to hit them.

      It's known that bees can recognize and memorize different 3D shapes like flowers, and that this can be applied to human faces as well.

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    7. Re:Makes complete sense by MiniMike · · Score: 2

      Reaction to threats is simply "if a shadow rapidly gets larger then fly away towards a bright patch of light."

      So that's what I've been doing wrong. Next time I have to swat a fly I'll use a flashlight.

  4. No wonder.... by Rick+Zeman · · Score: 2

    ....I can't swat the damn things. They have an unfair advantage!

  5. Have you ever tried to swat a fly? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    You practically have to be on meth to catch one. And then the problem is with the spiders in the corners of your eyes.

  6. Doh! by turin39789 · · Score: 2

    I read that as 'FILES'

  7. Re:So Ents see life fly by? by ekgringo · · Score: 4, Informative

    I think you've got it backwards and Tolkien was right. As I remember, the Ents were complaining that the much smaller hobbits were being too hasty. Their Entmoot took several hours just to get through the meet & greet stage and it took them a day or two to come to a decision to do something.

  8. Re:So flies are 4 times as twitchy as we are? by omnichad · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Fly swatters flick faster than we can move our own hands. In other cases, we can strategically hit one step ahead of where we think they'll be.

  9. Re:Within a species? by Oligonicella · · Score: 3, Informative

    Correct. For those who don't believe this, go out in a field and catch a rabbit bare handed.

    As for the bronto, it's not really possible to know because we do not know what type of myelin sheathing they had on their nerves. It could be that their nerves propagated signals at 2mph (Iow end) or 200mph (highest). We don't know.

    If 2mph, a sixty foot animal's brain would get the signal in about three seconds, at 200 mph at .03sec. Or anywhere in between.

    Not really relevant though as the bronts had ganglia along their spines that did the reactions. Say the tail was 25 of that 60 and you have a little under a second low end perception time.

  10. Re:So flies are 4 times as twitchy as we are? by Cyko_01 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    just because their brain processes things faster it doesn't mean they can move fast enough to get out of the way. Consider the size of a flyswatter in relation to the size of the fly

  11. Epic by tippe · · Score: 2

    Funny timing. I just had a "movie night" on Saturday with my kids and saw "Epic" for the first time, whose premise is based on this idea (insects and small things which live in slo-mo world, or rather, that they see themselves as moving normally while they see us "big people" as large, slow moving, bumbling idiots).

  12. No, dammit, they see into the FUTURE... by EmagGeek · · Score: 2

    ... at least I am convinced of that every time I try to sneak up on one and kill it...

  13. I thought this was well known by wonkey_monkey · · Score: 5, Funny

    I honestly though this was common knowledge already. Maybe I'm a little slow.

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  14. Re:So flies are 4 times as twitchy as we are? by c0lo · · Score: 3, Funny

    Then why is it ever possible to swat a fly?

    Why... that's elementary! The flys are so bored to death by watching you in slo-mo, some will fall asleep.

    --
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  15. Re:well..that is obvious by Dishevel · · Score: 2

    Not only are the distances involved much shorter but they are sampling much simpler images as well.

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  16. Re:So Ents see life fly by? by mark-t · · Score: 2

    But.... [spoiler alert]... But wasn't the decision that took them all day to arrive at a decision to not do anything at all? In fact, they only really decided to do something after they saw what Saruman had done, and the decision to act then was made almost immediately.

  17. I learnt this at school pre-1976 by Skiron · · Score: 2

    I always remember a science teacher telling us about this at school (what year, I can't remember, but I left school in 1976), and his statement was; "If a fly watched a film, it would see a still frame for a few seconds, then the next frame etc., as time moves more slowly the smaller the animal".

    1. Re:I learnt this at school pre-1976 by DNS-and-BIND · · Score: 2

      He didn't know that was true. He was just pulling shit from his ass. The fact that 40 years later he was proved right proves nothing, other than the fact that you remembered it.

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  18. No, a cat does not "got my tongue". by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 2

    I wondered about this 30 years ago. It's more an issue of mass than anything else. You can move faster, so your brain operates more quickly to compensate. Whales and elephants even slower.

    I would hypothesize an elephant brain in a vat tied in to a mouse body would speed up accordingly, and it would be less related to brain size (and intra-neural distances) than what it has to accomplish.

    Similarly a human mind in a virtual world might speed up if the world's physics were sped up AKA had lowered mass relative to energy. This will be an interesting experiment for Occulus VR.

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  19. How to get back at flies. by mindwanderer · · Score: 2

    This is probably why you can cup a fly with your hand if you do it slowly enough; any motion that seems slow to us will be imperceptible to the insect. It also makes it impossible for the fly to sense the air displacement.

    --
    :wq
  20. Slo-Mo? by Bootsy · · Score: 2

    Flies See the World In Slo-Mo? To them it passes at regular speed, we are just slow moving creatures to them. Watch an elephant. Or better if possible a big dinosaur. Do we see the world moving in Slo-Mo because we aren't the size of a dinosaur? It's only a perspective thing, every creature has the perspective of life moving at the "regular" speed of course.

  21. The fly part is not new, the correlation is by amaurea · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I skimmed through the paper itself, and it seems like flies are only mentioned in passing. The paper mainly concerns itself with vertebrates, and their new result is that they have tested the hypothesis that smallness of body and high metabolism correlate with the flicker fusion frequency of the visual system, i.e. how fast a light has to flash before the flashing becomes invisible. They find the hypothesis to hold (like your teacher suspected).

    The fact that flies have a very high flicker fusion frequency (270 Hz vs. 60 for humans under ideal lighting), has, however, been known for a long time, and is not a new result from this paper. In fact, houseflies have 2.5 times higher flicker fusion frequency than even the smallest and most active vertebrates tested in this study (actually, looking at their graphs, it seems like the housefly would be a huge outlier if they had included it).

    The flicker fusion frequency is related to, but not the same thing, as how often an image needs to change in order to be percieved as motion. This difference is why 50-60 Hz CRT screens are annoyingly flashy to many, while 25 fps movies look fine. In the latter case, each image only changes slightly.

    For a fly, watching a 25 fps movie would probably be similar to watching an 8 fps movie for a human.