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Linking Mass Extinctions To the Sun's Journey In the Milky Way
schwit1 writes "In a paper published today on the Los Alamos astro-ph preprint service, astronomers propose that as many as eleven past extinction events can be linked to the Sun's passage through the spiral arms of the Milky Way. (You can download the paper here [pdf].) From the paper: 'A correlation was found between the times at which the Sun crosses the spiral arms and six known mass extinction events. Furthermore, we identify five additional historical mass extinction events that might be explained by the motion of the Sun around our Galaxy. These five additional significant drops in marine genera that we find include significant reductions in diversity at 415, 322, 300, 145 and 33 Myr ago. Our simulations indicate that the Sun has spent ~60% of its time passing through our Galaxy's various spiral arms.'"
I only read the abstract, but while it proposes a correlation it did not speculate on the exact cause of the extinction. I wonder if passing 'nearer' (I use the term loosely) to higher concentrations of stars might disturb the Oort cloud, sending more comets than normal careening in towards the inner solar system ... or if we might catch stragglers from other stars' own Oort Clouds.
Assume it were possible to slingshot our sun out of the galaxy into intergalactic space. Would we be better off there, or does the Milky Way offer some sort of protection against whatever's out there (radiation, etc)?
Better known as 318230.
There has previously been a theory that these mass reoccurring extinctions would have been created by the near passing of a hypothetical star that we would have been unable to detect because it would be on the other side of the Oort cloud.
I suppose that this new finding will debunk that theory for good.
The hypothetical star had been named Nemesis. I know of it only because I ready about it in a novel by Asimov recently.
"We mustn't be caught by surprise by our own advancing technology" -- Aldous Huxley
Well I'm not a scientist but with a little common sense being applied and knowing what we know it makes sense. After all what do we know so far? Well we know there is this HUGE band of rock at the outer edge of our system called the Oort Cloud, there is also another huge band of rocks in the inner system which may have been a failed planet. If going through the arm caused changes to the gravitational fields way out there in the oort cloud it probably wouldn't take much to get one of those chunks moving, after all that is where it is believed all our long term comets came from so there had to be something in the past that got the comets going. So if you look at how big a period we are looking at and how much debris we have in the inner belt the idea that going through the arm may occasionally cause one of those big inner rocks to get flung at us,possibly by being hit by something fling out of the oort? Really doesn't sound too implausible to me.
To me the thing I find really interesting is how many times our friend Mr Jupiter has saved us by being a big giant garbage collector and pulling all this crap into it that could have easily headed our way if it wasn't there. i honestly wouldn't be surprised if it turned out for every extinction event there was probably thousands that didn't happen because Jupiter sucked it up or slung it off in another direction,given how many times we have seen impacts in just the little bit of time we've been able to see that far out.
So I wish them all the luck, maybe if we can find out exactly what events cause these maybe we can avoid it happening to us, as while I doubt we'd see 100% fatalities of the human race one really nasty impact could easily send us back to the dark ages.
ACs don't waste your time replying, your posts are never seen by me.
Do the spiral arms move w/respect to all the stars like some sorta density wave?
That's exactly what the spiral arms are, they can't be the same stars orbiting together in that shape as that would imply a rigid body rotation. The situation where everything moves around together as if it were nailed to a rigid cosmic disc doesn't work because the orbit time of the stars at the centre of the galaxy is less than that of the stars at the edge. This is a consequence of the orbital physics, it's essentially the only way the forces can balance.
So, the stars in the centre whiz around quickly (in cosmological time anyway) whilst the ones at the edge take forever. The spirals are simply areas of higher star density but they are not the same stars all the time. This region does rotate but more slowly than the stars contained within it. So, why are there areas of increased star density? No-one's entirely sure but it seems likely that these are actually regions with higher rates of star formation, with many young, short-lived blue stars.
I've got a novel by John Brunner written in 1982 called The Crucible of Time (), which documents a (very non-human) species through its scientific awakening. Throughout the book they're discovering that their planet is getting closer to a cloud of debris dense enough to massively devastate the surface, possibly shatter the planet. In the end they manage to build enough arks to save the species. The foreward reads:
"It is becoming more and more widely accepted that the Ice Ages coincide with the passage of the Solar System through the spiral arms of our galaxy. ..."
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It's been brought up before, and rather quickly debunked, not because a number of extinctions do occur at the periods of crossing a galactic arm, but rather the numerous other times when extinctions occur outside of the galactic arms, and the times it passes through the arms that the extinction events don't occur.
If you want to see what I'm talking about, just search the science sites about it.
Yes, it is an intriguing idea, but No, it doesn't hold up to scrutiny.