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USS Zumwalt — a Guided Missile Destroyer Running On Linux

New submitter SanDogWeps writes "Sean Gallagher over at Ars Technica reports that when the U.S.S. Zumwalt (DDG 1000) puts to sea later this year, it will be different from any other ship in the Navy's fleet in many ways. The $3.5 billion ship is designed for stealth, survivability, and firepower, and it's packed with advanced technology. And at the heart of its operations is a virtual data center powered by off-the-shelf server hardware, various flavors of Linux, and over 6 million lines of software code. From the article: 'Called the Common Display System, or CDS (pronounced as "keds" by those who work with it), the three-screen workstations in the operations center are powered by a collection of quad-processor Intel motherboards in an armored case, which gives new meaning to the nautical phrase "toe buster." Even the commanding officer's and executive officer's chairs on the bridge have CDS workstations built-in. Each CDS system runs multiple LynxOS-based Linux virtual machines, which can run on various networks partitioned by security level and purpose. '"

28 of 229 comments (clear)

  1. Re:Death wants to be freeeeeeeeee! by Jeremiah+Cornelius · · Score: 4, Funny

    People don't kill people. Linux kills people.

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  2. Left out the best part by RetiredMidn · · Score: 4, Informative

    The captain's name is James Kirk.

    1. Re:Left out the best part by Sarten-X · · Score: 5, Informative

      Citation no longer needed.

      That's pretty awesome.

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    2. Re:Left out the best part by Sarten-X · · Score: 2

      Clearly, the military has beaten all sense out of him.

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    3. Re:Left out the best part by fishybell · · Score: 2

      I'm sure he has the same problem as Major Major Major Major, as in he'll never advance beyond captain because it fits his name.

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  3. Re:And? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Hey, when you signed on to open source you agreed you had no control over what it ended up being used for. Stallman's rage could probably power a small city though.

  4. Re:And? by n1ywb · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Animals fight. Humans fight. It's stupd and sad and I hope we can move long term away from it. In the meantime, I for one am happy we have a strong defense. Do you honestly think Russia and China aren't interested in global hegemony?

    That said, I'm not so happy about our offensive game.

    Anyway freedom is a double edged sword. Nobody gets to pick and choose who uses FOSS for what purpose. That's sort of the point. You honestly don't think Linux has played a military roll before?

    On the other hand they may contribute back to the community, and probably already have done so.

    And it's a hell of a lot better than them running Windows. You'd be amazed how many mission critical Windows boxes are on a typical ship, to say nothing of a military vessel.

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  5. Resistant to anti-ship missles? by IamTheRealMike · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Correct me if I'm wrong, but my understanding is that anti-ship missile technology has been ahead of defence systems now for quite some time, such that basically any ship that gets within range of them is basically always sunk. What's more, Russia, Iran and China all have such missiles. What exactly are these ships being built for, beyond the jobs they produce?

    1. Re:Resistant to anti-ship missles? by clarkkent09 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Sorry, did you just ask what's the purpose of building ships when they can be sunk?

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    2. Re:Resistant to anti-ship missles? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      The arms race changes day-to-day, but AFAIK, the CIWS system, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalanx_CIWS, when armed, is quite capable of handling current airborne missiles.

    3. Re:Resistant to anti-ship missles? by Antipater · · Score: 3, Insightful

      a) I doubt anyone outside of classified weapons research actually knows whether offense or defense currently has the advantage.
      b) The Zumwalt is a guided missile destroyer, which means that it will be the thing launching said anti-ship missiles at the other side's ships. It doesn't matter how deadly the enemy is, if you take them out before they take you out.

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    4. Re:Resistant to anti-ship missles? by Shatrat · · Score: 2

      What ship has ever been invincible? I think the idea here is that between stealth for defense and enhanced radar and electronics for offense, this ship will shoot first.

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    5. Re:Resistant to anti-ship missles? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

      It's primarily fire support for marine assaults. During the Gulf War, the last battleships left in service, the Iowa class, served in a fire support and artillery role for shore based forces. This proved to be very effective, as the Mark 7 16" guns delivered a lot of firepower faster and cheaper than missiles and could do it pretty quickly, and redirect said fire more quickly than it took to program a firing solution into the cruise missiles.

      However, we retired the battleships as they were ancient relics. In addition, they had limited range; the Mark 7s could fire about 38 kms. Current naval fire support is done through the 5" Mark 45 guns on the DDG51s, but those have even less range (about 20 or so kms) and deliver smaller payloads.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Gun_System

      The Zumwalt is designed around this weapon system. It fires 10 rounds per minute, using a 155mm shell which is the same shell used by land based artillery. It has a range of 100+ kms and is accurate to 50 meters. This would significantly extend the capabilities of shore based operations. The stealth isn't so much for defense as for offense; if the enemy is aware of the ship they'll move out of the area. So effectively this destroyer is a stealthy highly mobile long range artillery platform.

    6. Re:Resistant to anti-ship missles? by IamTheRealMike · · Score: 2

      Well, according to that wikipedia page, that weapons system was in service since 1980. The missiles I'm talking about are these ones and are much more modern. I have read that Russia got significantly further ahead than the US in the area of anti-ship missiles and as such, the US defences against them have never been tested for real.

    7. Re:Resistant to anti-ship missles? by SplawnDarts · · Score: 2

      The various advanced anti-ship missiles usually have one or more of four features:
      1) low altitude
      2) supersonic cruise or a supersonic sprint at the end of their trajectory
      3) low radar profile
      4) high/random maneuverability during approach

      The Russian missle discussed in that article has 2 and 3.

      All four features are pretty well known and understood, and have been addressed in the most recent block upgrades of the CIWS, RIM-116 and SM-2. The SM-2 got improved target finding logic (helps with 1 and 3) and a tweaked IR seeker (helps with 3). The RIM-116 is in the process of getting the block 2 upgrade which will help with 3 and 4. CIWS blocks 1A and 1B help with 3 and 4 (1 and 2 were never a problem). Five years ago you could plausibly argue there was a missile gap. Now, probably not.

    8. Re:Resistant to anti-ship missles? by hey! · · Score: 2

      ...any ship that gets within range of them [anti-ship missiles] is basically always sunk....What exactly are these ships being built for...?

      To answer your explicit question, Zumwalt is being built primarily to attack land targets with cruise missiles. Some people doubt we need a new ship class to do that though. I expect one of the things they hope to achieve is much smaller manpower requirements. According to the Wikipedia (take that as you will) Zumwalt will mount almost as many missile launch cells as the Arleigh Burke class destroyers (80 vs. 90), but require less than half the personnel (140 vs 300) to operate.

      As for your implicit question, apparently the designers hope that a combination of long range attack weapons (2500 km for the cruise missiles), stealth, and anti-missile systems will keep the ship safe. The stealth measures aren't just anti-radar, it's acoustic too. Again according to Wikipedia, the Zumwalt will be about as quiet as a Los Angeles class submarine.

      If the Zumwalt class destroyers prove to be nearly as capable as the Arleigh Burke class, and roughly as safe (instead of safer as hoped), just the smaller crew size would justify them even at twice the cost. You might lose just as many ships, and twice the treasure, but you'd only lose *half* as many men.

      I'm pretty liberal, and I don't think much of wasteful military boondoggles like the F-35, but I'm not opposed to the *concept* of the Zumwalt. The issue will probably be in the execution. We seem to have lost the capability of doing large projects like this without turning them into train wrecks.

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  6. Not linux by mwvdlee · · Score: 4, Informative

    LynxOS is a proprietary Unix, compatible with Linux binaries.
    It does not contain the Linux kernel and is closed source.

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    1. Re:Not linux by NoKaOi · · Score: 4, Informative

      LynxOS is a proprietary Unix, compatible with Linux binaries.
      It does not contain the Linux kernel and is closed source.

      And I didn't see anywhere in the summary or article that said runs Linux exclusively. The component they refer to as running LynxOS is only one part of the whole.

      FTA:

      mostly IBM blade servers running Red Hat Linux—and putting it in a ruggedized server room. Those ruggedized server rooms are called Electronic Modular Enclosures (EMEs), sixteen self-contained, mini data centers built by Raytheon.

      I'm pretty sure anything called Red Hat Linux is going to contain the Linux kernel.

  7. Re:Weapons purposes in license by gdshaw · · Score: 4, Informative

    Isn't there a provision in the license stating the software cannot be used for weapons purposes or something of the like?

    No, and if there were then it would not be considered Open Source (clause 6 of the OSD, 'No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor').

  8. Re:And? by ericloewe · · Score: 2

    Technically, it's not open source software. It's a proprietary Unix-compatible OS (yeah, that's still a thing).

    The headline is wrong since it has essentially nothing to do with Linux.

  9. Re:Death wants to be freeeeeeeeee! by Megane · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Linux doesn't kill people, Windows NT kills people!

    (Or at least it kills ships... got to watch out for those divide by zero errors!)

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  10. RTFA by jklovanc · · Score: 2

    The design of the Zumwalt solves that problem by using off-the-shelf hardware—mostly IBM blade servers running Red Hat Linux—and putting it in a ruggedized server room.

    Many servers are running Linux not Lynx.

  11. Re:Perhaps... by jklovanc · · Score: 2

    "DD" = destroyer
    "G:" = guided missile
    "1000" = Generally warships are numbered sequential but they moved to an easily identifiable number to designate a new generation of ships.

  12. Re:And? by gdshaw · · Score: 3, Informative

    Hey, when you signed on to open source you agreed you had no control over what it ended up being used for.

    Indeed, and for good reason. There are almost limitless ways in which a software author might want to discriminate against fields of use, and no prospect of achieving global consensus on what should or should not be allowed. One of the key benefits of Open Source is that you don't have to read the licence of every single package you install to find out whether it is safe to use. The most practicable way to achieve this is to prohibit restrictions on what you can use the software for.

  13. Re:And? by tnk1 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Fire has been used by humans for 1.9 million years or so. It is very useful for killing people painfully. I'm still pretty happy with fire.

    Linux has been used from the early nineties, and now its going to kill people. I'm still pretty happy with Linux.

    Granted, I'm not going to brag about that aspect, but I wouldn't go so far to say it is a ghastly aspect. Modern militaries use everything from brooms to paperclips in support of their mission to kill stuff. That's because militaries use systems to accomplish their tasks, just like everything else does. If you create a system to move food around the globe, you also create a system that moves food between war zones.

    I'd be proud that Linux is deemed capable of underlying a mission critical system, even if I don't like the results of said system.

  14. Re:And? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    You had me until the last sentence.

    War isn't profitable? Sure, it isn't profitable for you and me. But it's highly profitable for the military industrial complex and for the state.

  15. Re: Death wants to be freeeeeeeeee! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    Das reboot!

  16. How many things can you make linux run on by EuclideanSilence · · Score: 2

    Linux runs on old hardware.
    Linux runs on embedded hardware.
    Linux runs on XBOX.
    Linux runs on a toaster.

    Some geek out there is smugly telling his friends "I made Linux run on a US Navy Destroyer".