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EU Parliament: Other Countries Spy, But Less Than the UK, US

itwbennett writes "An E.U. Parliament survey of 5 member states found that 4 of the 5 (U.K., France, Germany and Sweden) engage in bulk collection of data. Only the Netherlands doesn't, but that's not because it doesn't want to. In fact, The Netherlands is currently setting up an agency for that purpose. France, which summoned the U.S. ambassador to explain allegations that the NSA spied on Alcatel-Lucent, ranks fifth in the world in metadata collection. And Sweden? Its National Defence Radio Establishment (FRA) is alleged to have been running 'upstreaming' operations (tapping directly into the communications infrastructure as a means to intercept data) for the collection of private data — collecting both the content of messages as well as metadata of communications crossing Swedish borders through fibre-optic cables from the Baltic Sea."

36 of 170 comments (clear)

  1. Problem? by OptimalCynic · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I still don't see the problem. Spying on foreign countries has happened since they were invented, it's entirely legal and expecting it not to happen strikes me as hopelessly naive.

    1. Re:Problem? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Spying on foreign countries is feasible when there is an immediate threat. In a globalized world where most countries sort of "work together" and their borders become blurry (from an industrial point of view) it does more harm than good. Companies fear industry espionage and pull back or limit interaction with those "excessively spying" countries and that harms global economy which eventually boils down to every single one of us.

    2. Re:Problem? by maroberts · · Score: 2

      Entirely legal depends on which country you happen to be in when you're spying!

      The current spying argument is silly though. Nations have a clear duty to both protect and maximise the benefit to their own citizens. Some people and nations are or may be hostile to others, and it is only natural to want to determine real intentions.

      To counterbalance this, I fully accept that no one should make it easy for conversations to be listened to.

      --

      Donte Alistair Anderson Roberts - hi son!
      Karma: Chameleon

    3. Re:Problem? by OptimalCynic · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The Chinese have been into industrial espionage more than anybody for decades and it doesn't seem to be limiting trade much. That's not a convincing argument. On the other hand, I do support making it illegal to pass information from government spy agencies to private companies.

    4. Re:Problem? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      There's nothing legal about it; it is entirely outside the scope of the law.

      What you mean is that it is common practice to keep an eye on your enemies and on your friends since it allows you to prepare for what's coming. And everyone does it from the youngest age, through gossip and eavesdropping.

      The problem here is the scale at which it can be practiced nowadays by the most powerful entities. You should always be wary of that kind of concentration of power. The strong often abuse their power.

      A state maintains itself by keeping its own citizens under control and keeping at bay outside threats. But in modern times, for economical reasons, the outside threat is quite weak. States have every incentive to cooperate with each other. All the power granted by this collection of information is thus turned towards the only outlet: population control and the erosion of freedom. This is hardly comforting...

    5. Re:Problem? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Bullshit. Spying on allies is often as important as spying on "immediate threats". I, for one, hope that the US is spying on Israel and that the information gathered has prevented them from pulling us into a war with Iran.

      The issue isn't spying but the scope and the escalation. Violating the privacy of millions of citizens for a dragnet is not just spying but a violation of sovereignty. The same applies to escalating the spying up to the phones of heads of state. Effectively, the US just built an espionage nuclear weapon. Now the rest of the world is going to do the same, meaning everybody is fucked. The unwritten lines of common decency that restricted spying based on an actual purpose have been crossed. Now we are in the land of spying on everybody and everything with the goal of just holding the information until it becomes useful. Privacy has just taken a mortal blow.

    6. Re:Problem? by bkmoore · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Yes, a certain amount of spying is expected and allowed. An ambassador is basically a legalized spy who has diplomatic protection and is allowed to work in the open.

      The problem is that the NSA is not following the same priorities as the State Department. How many European political leaders will give the American diplomats their private phone number in the future? The NSA's spying on allies is destroying any future back channel communication abilities that we may have. The conspiracy theorist in me would be saying it's intentional so that the NSA becomes the ONLY source for intelligence gathering in the American government.

    7. Re:Problem? by kermidge · · Score: 4, Insightful

      What the problem is as seen by a number of people including the original submitter of the Patriot Act to Congress, is the wholesale collection by the NSA of all the electronic communications _of its own people_ - to no known good purpose and in direct contravention of law, the Constitution, and what some might even quaintly characterize as morality.

      To state it somewhat differently, Optimal Cynic (now there's a fine thought, that handle, and a heavy responsibility to live up to), the problem is not about having an agency tasked with foreign signals intelligence (one of the NSA's founding tasks; there are several more including cryptanalysis of said signals and cryptography in aid of securing our own communications) "spying" on the communications of other governments.

      The problem as talked about here and elsewhere since, what, June?, is the total Hoovering of all internal electronic comms, on the off chance that sometime between now and the heat death of the Universe some citizen might have some electronic intercourse with someone from another country and that that communication might somehow possibly have some relevance to some potential investigation of someone else who talks with someone else who is also from another country and that what is talked about might be flagged for inquiry as being somehow inimical to the interests of this country or of its safety or that of its citizens. Or so the ostensible reasoning goes.

      The totality of this has been done in secret from the secret court charged with issuing warrants and conducting oversight and from the Congress which set out as part of the Patriot Act a section setting up such court, etc., and which is supposed to be in charge of oversight which includes being fully briefed on what said court and agency are doing vis-a-vis their tasking. This isn't following the comms of a suspect under investigation via warrant and foreign intel as is done in normal fruitful investigations by police agencies, this is the complete sucking up of all electronic comms excepting garage-door openers on everyone inside our borders. Just in passing, the agency has consistently lied about this to the secret court and to Congress. Well, technically, no; the lies changed in light of every new revelation as to what they were doing, so it might be better to say repeatedly than consistently.

      D'you begin to get a glimpse or glimmer that the problem is not spying on others, but on us? (I think it might have been Shaw, "The ability to see things as they are is called cynicism by those who haven't got it." May have been Bierce. Or even Wilde; they were all pretty sharp.) Anyway, do you see, optimally or otherwise?

    8. Re:Problem? by Sique · · Score: 5, Informative

      Spying was never legal. This is the main mistake you make in your assertion. Only your own spies had some legal cover in your own country. But in every other country, your spies are criminals.

      --
      .sig: Sique *sigh*
    9. Re:Problem? by AHuxley · · Score: 2

      The problem for the EU is they now know their NATO generals are more loyal to the USA and seem to have taken segments of the EU telecommunications industry with them.
      The EU now has their own EU generational telco staff reconnecting the EU communications networks for a few foreign governments.
      Who can EU courts trust as expert witnesses? Who can EU political leaders trust during hearings to provide any form of a truthful statements?
      Who can a right/right wing or centre EU political leader trust in their own office not to be helping a foreign government if they call for an investigation?
      Can they trust their security detail to look after their phones? Who selected and worked with the security staff?
      If top EU staff did this for the USA at one point in time, would they do it for Russia? Russia might offer a better gas deal for information on just a few escaped business oligarchs.
      If top EU staff did this for the USA at one point in time, would they do it for China? China might offer a better export deals for information on a few separatists or cult members.
      If top EU staff did this for the USA at one point in time, would they do it for a multinational? A multinational might offer a larger amount of export jobs for information on trade unions, environmentalists or peace groups.
      If top EU staff did this for the USA at one point in time, would they do it for a bank? A bank might offer some top regional jobs for information on any embarrassing tax investigations.
      Once the rot in the mil/private/public telecommunications sets in - haggling about the price is the only real question.

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
    10. Re:Problem? by OptimalCynic · · Score: 2

      I've never been to New York City, I'm from New Zealand. And your slippery slope argument is silly.

    11. Re:Problem? by stenvar · · Score: 2

      In a globalized world where most countries sort of "work together" and their borders become blurry (from an industrial point of view) it does more harm than good.

      Seems to me that in those circumstances, spying is even more important. After all, just because Germany or France say they support us in something doesn't mean they actually do. They have their own agendas and interests. As the French president used to say: countries don't have friends, they only have interests. The reason the Europeans are making such a fuss about this is because their formerly great and powerful spy agencies can't keep up anymore.

      that harms global economy which eventually boils down to every single one of us.

      Trade restrictions, subsidies, regulations, bailouts, and other misguided government policies do a lot more harm than a little spying. And if spying prevents the US from being conned by its allies, then it's actually good for the global economy.

    12. Re:Problem? by MysteriousPreacher · · Score: 2

      Seems to me that in those circumstances, spying is even more important. After all, just because Germany or France say they support us in something doesn't mean they actually do. They have their own agendas and interests. As the French president used to say: countries don't have friends, they only have interests. The reason the Europeans are making such a fuss about this is because their formerly great and powerful spy agencies can't keep up anymore.

      That does play in to this a bit, but it's not the main reason. A good reason to make a fuss is that there is popular public opposition to having the NSA and GCHQ hoovering up our data. It's political capital for opposition politicians, and a massive pain in the arse for the leaders who know their own security services are not much better. The UK government, in its long-running role as the poodle of the US, is way to deeply involved to be able to decry any NSA activities. This is why Cameron's sops to concerns around NSA activities will always be couched in vehement criticism of Snowden. To use an analogy, Cameron accepts that some people may be worried by the brutal stabbing that took place in the prison exercise yard, but he's way more bothered by the "snitch" who disclosed the name of the attacker.

      --
      -- Using the preview button since 2005
    13. Re:Problem? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Europeans don't seem to care that their own national governments spy on every aspect of their lives.

      This quote is so stupid, you'd have to be an american to write it.(Or I guess generalisation is only bad when done to americans...)

    14. Re:Problem? by amjohns · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Absolutely wrong. In many cases, sprying on countries prevents an immediate threat! That said, you have to be sure you're getting accurate data, and not repeat the iraq invasion fiasco.

      Should the west stop spying on Iran, and just wait until the day they announce "We've got nukes!"? I think most people would rationally say no way. Should US stop spying on China's buildup of missiles aimed at Taiwan?

      But besides the purely miltary applications, here's another equally valid one, well documented by the EU in their Echelon investigations: The US spied on Saudi Arabia and airbus, and found the Saudis were bribed by Airbus to win a massive airplane purchase, over Boeing. When the US blew the whistle, a new clean competition ended up with the US manufacturer winning. That probably saved or created thousands of jobs, clearly protecting US financial well-being. If they had waited until the winner was announced, they would have never known the bribes happened in the first place, so preemptive spying saved jobs, which protects the economy.

    15. Re:Problem? by NicBenjamin · · Score: 2

      Given how the NSA has been caught passing info to US companies I think we can say that the US and China are in the same league. We know we only see the tip of the US industrial espionage iceberg and I postulate it's because they're better at it than the Chinese. I don't actually care which one is ahead. It's a light-hearted comment about pots and kettles.

      I've seen this allegation like fourty times, and nobody has actually substantiated it. They have claimed that the NSA has vague claims to have done industrial espionage in Snowden's docs. But the docs don;t explain what the NSA means when they say that. Everyone assumes it's that Apple gets detailed specs on every Samsung prototype the way Chinese defense contractors get the schematics for US warplanes, but you don't do that kind of shit without being caught. Which is why everyone knows that France and China do it, despite the fact neither has a Snowden.

      I suspect that the NSA is actually blowing smoke up Congress' ass. They intercepted a communication that somebody found oil in Saudi Arabia back in the 40s, and sent it to Shell, and they've been justifying their budget with the intelligence committee on the basis of "Industrial Espionage" every year since then.

    16. Re:Problem? by dkleinsc · · Score: 4, Insightful

      It depends on where the ambassador is. The US ambassador to Denmark, for instance, is basically a plum political appointment for a major supporter who likes the idea of living in Denmark, knows how to speak Danish, and has some friends or family in Copenhagen already. But the US ambassador to Russia is a senior career member of the US Foreign Service, because they want someone in Moscow who is less likely to screw things up than the political payback guy would.

      So, for example, the current US ambassador to Germany is John Emerson, who has no foreign policy experience before his appointment and got his appointment by helping Bill Clinton and Barack Obama's campaign in California. By contrast, J Christopher Stevens, the ambassador to Libya killed in the Benghazi attack, had about 20 years of diplomatic service in the Middle East, serving in Israel, Syria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and several Middle East-related posts back in Washington DC.

      --
      I am officially gone from /. Long live http://www.soylentnews.com/
    17. Re:Problem? by cold+fjord · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Spying on foreign countries is feasible when there is an immediate threat.

      Waiting until there is an "immediate threat" before building an intelligence apparatus isn't really feasible. Your statement is nonsense.

      In a globalized world where most countries sort of "work together" and their borders become blurry (from an industrial point of view) it does more harm than good.

      Because knowing about wars or impending wars, the results of natural disaster, or economic dangers isn't helpful in managing a nation's affairs?

      Companies fear industry espionage and pull back or limit interaction with those "excessively spying" countries and that harms global economy which eventually boils down to every single one of us.

      That doesn't seem to have stopped investment in China, does it? Everyone knows about problems of massive IP theft when dealing with China, either purely for sales, for manufacturing, and yet people keep selling, building, and developing in China. Similar things occur in other countries as well.

      I think you have several ideas that sound good in theory, but don't match the actual reality much.

      --
      much of left-wing thought is a kind of playing with fire by people who don't even know that fire is hot - George Orwell
    18. Re:Problem? by Sique · · Score: 2

      They are guilty of conspiracing with a foreign intelligence agency while being in a position of power, which doubles the penalties at least in Germany.

      --
      .sig: Sique *sigh*
    19. Re:Problem? by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 2

      Spying on foreign countries is feasible when there is an immediate threat.

      If you wait till there's an immediate threat to do your spying, you might as well not bother.

      Remember, all the immediate threats take a long time to create - tank factories aren't built overnight, and neither are Manhattan Projects...

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    20. Re:Problem? by Carewolf · · Score: 2

      The part about industrial espionage turned up in 1999 when EU officials decided to leak the existance Echelon, because the US has abused it to feed Boeing secret information about Airbus.

      http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/820352.stm

      It is not that hard to google, so stop defending it, or pretending it has anything to do with the recent leaks.

    21. Re:Problem? by emt377 · · Score: 2

      Spying on foreign countries is feasible when there is an immediate threat.

      Observing is essential to identify threats in the first place. Naively sitting and assuming that without an express threat sent to you in a pretty envelope, wrapped with a blue ribbon, all is good a fine means you'll quickly become a footnote in history. That's the sort of juvenile, childish assumption that just doesn't work in reality on any level.

      Observing is essential to deescalate conflict early and maintain good relations.

      Lack of response to a potential conflict means the other party may assume in return there really is no conflict and make the situation worse - until you finally wake up to a far worse problem than if you had paid close attention all along.

      Observing and paying close attention is just as important with friendly nations as hostile ones.

    22. Re:Problem? by amjohns · · Score: 2

      They were probably pissed, of course. But if their company had the right product at the right price, they could have won.

      There's a difference between exposing corruption and fostering it. In that specific case, the US had a valid concern of impropriety, were proven right, and protected the national economic health.

      Any other country would do the same, and if they're not, then they're failing the citizens...

    23. Re:Problem? by NicBenjamin · · Score: 2

      Two points:

      1) I really don't think I need to defend a spy program that stopped a contract from going to the company that paid the highest bribe. That was a good thing. If you want to give me more opportunities to imply you're a kleptocrat-friend by attacking this use of SigInt I will be very happy to take them.

      2) It's not hard for the anti-NSA side to stop me from talking about this. I have never brought industrial espionage up. But if the anti-NSA side does it is highly relevant that the only case where US Industrial Espionage has even been alleged is a case of preventing corruption.

      It's actually stupid for them to bring this up at all, because every second we spend arguing over whether some rich-ass businessman got crewed because he sucked at bribes, or because the NSA violated his rights is a minute we are not arguing about the privacy rights of millions of ordinary European. It was fucking stupid for Greenwald and Snowden to even mention this words anyplace normal people will read them because they will lose the industrial espionage debate every time, and by the time they've gotten their asses whipped on that debate something else will coma along to distract people.

  2. Whelp, that does it by O('_')O_Bush · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The bastions of civilization are threatening my rights to privacy and it seems to be a systemic problem across many nations and interests.

    The question I have is, if 'everyone' (almost) is doing it, when do us sheeple get to say 'no' and have it count for something?

    I ask this question, and nothing seems to change. I vote for people I see as less persecuting, and the problems get worse. My fellow compatriots get angry, protest and demonstrate, try to keep the issue in the light, and we are largely ignored. Fellows that whistleblow are retaliated against, persecuted, and no positive action taken.

    When do we get to remind politicians that they are servants of the people and that the government should act in our interest, not its own?

    <metadata>Dear NSA, I'm not having subversive thoughts, so please don't interpret my post that way.</metadata>

    --
    while(1) attack(People.Sandy);
    1. Re:Whelp, that does it by O('_')O_Bush · · Score: 2

      Let's point to the Tea Party and Occupy movements as an example. What started as a grassroots LIBERTARIAN movement that was protesting how screwed up the financial system was, incredible wealth disparity, a cultural and institutionalized student debt system that was getting worse, upper class favoritism (see bank bailouts vs housing debt bailouts and 'too big to fail'), once it started going and it seemed like Washington and Wall Street were finally under pressure to consider change in favor of the public, the whole movement was hijacked by conservative extremists practicing wealth protectionalism and brinksmanship, the opposite values of what the movement started with.

      Slick judo-diversion of momentum got us into a worse mess than when the protesting started. In effect, what we did and fought for was used against us, and by the time we realized it, it was too late.

      That means organized protesting and normal modes of civil disobedience are no longer an option, and that is if we ever get enough people stirred up about it after such a crushing and disheartening defeat of values.

      --
      while(1) attack(People.Sandy);
    2. Re:Whelp, that does it by dkleinsc · · Score: 2

      It should be pointed out that Occupy's story was different than the Tea Party's.

      The Tea Party tapped real anger and real opinions of a lot of Americans, but did everything in its power to try to take that anger and turn it into simply easy votes for the Republican Party candidates. What's gotten the Republican Party into trouble lately is that they forgot that when you have organized passionate people, they do what they want to do rather than what you want them to do. The other factor is that movement conservatism (basically a system of a few billionaires hiring a cadre of political lackeys to work at their think tanks, media organizations, and Congress) has abandoned moderate conservatism in favor of the Tea Party because the Tea Party will lower their taxes more, which is their only real political goal.

      The Occupy movement's story, on the other hand, never really had the support of the Democratic Party apparatus, in large part because the Democratic Party leaders support Wall St even though their rank-and-file membership does not. The FBI coordinated (illegal) police attacks on protests around the country, and no level of government or either major political party has raised any kind of stink about the obvious and documented cases of unjustified police violence against citizens (e.g. Anthony Bologna pepper-spraying people who had broken no law and had not resisted police in any way).

      --
      I am officially gone from /. Long live http://www.soylentnews.com/
  3. Couldn't Care Less by some+old+guy · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I really couldn't give a fsck what one government does to another government. They all suck.

    What I DO care about is my own corrupt, power-mad government spying on me and my fellow citizens as if we are all suspect.

    --
    Scruting the inscrutable for over 50 years.
  4. That's not the problem by Cyvros · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The problem isn't so much that countries engage in spying. That's to be expected, really. The problems are in 1) how they go about doing it, 2) whom they're targeting and 3) what data they're collecting. So if they're 1) using backdoors in consumer products without use of warrants, 2) targeting members of the public without necessarily having good cause to do so and 3) collecting everything they possibly can, then there's a big problem. Spying on other countries or persons of interest with good cause and/or warrants is what these agencies generally do. What the NSA and GCHQ in particular are doing is far more than this and far more invasive for what seems like little meaningful return and at the risk of their reputations and their respective countries' reputations.

  5. foreign != fair game by jopsen · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I still don't see the problem. Spying on foreign countries has happened since they were invented, it's entirely legal and expecting it not to happen strikes me as hopelessly naive.

    Spying on citizens of foreign countries is still a violation of the human rights convention. It's not legal!
    Spying on foreign diplomats is a violation of Vienna convention, tapping into foreign government networks is an aggression (act of war, US. govt. said so a while ago) not legal without prior declaration of war (not all declarations of war are legal either).
    Sure "legal" is hard to define, but let's just say there's nothing honest, fair or acceptable about spying on your allies!

    On topic, I don't see a problem with having some level of surveillance, but it must be transparent!
    If you tap cables or whatever, let the public know and make sure access, disclosure and queries are all subjected to public court hearings.
    Then it's fair, honest and acceptable, let's call that "legal".

  6. Sweden's FRA was set up to help the US by Troed · · Score: 5, Informative

    Wait what? It's no secret that the reason FRA exists is to tap the underwater cables carrying almost all of Russia's traffic and hand it over to the US. There was an uproar against the creation of FRA in Sweden - but it was met with statements from our prime minister to the effect of "It's best for us all if we don't talk about this anymore".

    Earlier documents put in context with recent revelations show that Sweden has been systematically wiretapping Russia on behalf of the United States. This is clear after putting a number of previous questionable agreements and developments in context today.

    http://falkvinge.net/2013/07/07/documents-sweden-wiretapping-russias-international-traffic-for-the-nsa/

    1. Re:Sweden's FRA was set up to help the US by kthreadd · · Score: 2

      Uproar against FRA? No, they have been around since the 40's and there was no uproar at that point. What happened recently was that they got approval to not only listen in on wireless radio communications but also wired communications, *that* was what the uproar was about.

  7. The problem is ... by golodh · · Score: 3, Insightful
    that it's now out in the open.

    Don't kid yourself that the EU didn't know the NSA was hoovering their data. They knew (with the probable exception of bugging their embassies), and they were doing approximately the same thing.

    Only ... as long as that was done in secret, only a handful of intelligence professionals, senior military officers, senior civil servants, and politicians charged with intelligence oversight knew about it (and in particular the public and parliament didn't). And such people see data-collection in a different light than the public, because they depend on it to do their jobs.

    It was also readily deniable by politicians (in the absence of hard evidence to the contrary), and isolated cases where evidence did surface could be dismissed as "incidents". So it didn't have a big political dimension. As it is now, John Q. Public (who never cared before) has suddenly found out and decided he resents it. This leaves the responsible politicians embarrassed and in need to be seen to respond to it (and do something about it). In other words: it all got a political dimension.

    That's the downside of Snowden's revelations, and that's what's meant by the claim that those revelations are "damaging".

    My personal guess is that it will lead to a tightening of rules (for the next 10 years) for data storage by Internet companies and will cause the bill for tapping communications in the EU, Brazil, and other countries to go up and the volume and quality to go down somewhat.

    What will definitely not happen is that this sort of thing will stop. Just consider: there are milions of muslims within the EU with ties to a range if Islamic nations, and if even 0.1% of them radicalise you have a steady supply of terrorists. And given the EU's openness (not to mention its porous borders) you are going to have international terrorists within your borders.

    The EU knows this full well and also knows that it doesn't have the wide signals interception coverage the US has. So their intelligence professionals will advise their governments that it's in their national interest to cooperate with the US and not to make massive data collection by the US (or even data-sharing) unreasonably hard or even impossible.

    Only ... the NSA must in return accord them the courtesy of staying off the front page. Nobody likes to be embarrassed, and politicians can afford it less than most.

  8. It is almost like they know something by TwineLogic · · Score: 3, Interesting

    It is as if they were the two countries who defeated the Nazis in World War II. It's almost like every other western country collapsed, and only the countries with the best intelligence and geographic advantage to apply it (i.e., water) avoided being occupied by Nazis.

    I don't know how many people here have read "Between Silk and Cyanide," but it is worth reading. This system we are learning about (Echelon) pre-dates 9/11 and stems from the lessons that U.S. grandparents received during World War II.

  9. BUT by ecbpro · · Score: 2

    What would have happened if Merkel or Hollande had spied on the phone of Obama? How would the US react to that? Interested to hear your opinion!

  10. Re:Spying is the wrong word: Mass Surveillance by NicBenjamin · · Score: 2

    On a personal level I don't blame her for being unhappy. But as a simple matter of public policy she is a perfectly valid target for surveillance. That's not a matter for debate, it's a simple fact. The NSA's entire job is top spy on people like Angela Merkel.

    She's a good enough politician, with a dominant position within Europe, and the Stasi-story is heart-rending enough, that she can make a case against NSA wiretaps quite effectively, but that doesn't imply she's not wrong on the facts.