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Norwegian Infectious Disease Specialists Have New Theory On HIV In Africa
mdsolar (1045926) writes in about a Norwegian team who believe they have an explanation about the unique distribution of HIV in Africa. "While around the world a vast majority of AIDS victims are men, Africa has long been the glaring exception: Nearly 60 percent are women. And while there are many theories, no one has been able to prove one. In a modest public health clinic behind a gas station here in South Africa's rural KwaZulu/Natal Province, a team of Norwegian infectious disease specialists think they may have found a new explanation. It is far too soon to say whether they are right. But even skeptics say the explanation is biologically plausible. And if it is proved correct, a low-cost solution has the potential to prevent thousands of infections every year. The Norwegian team believes that African women are more vulnerable to H.I.V. because of a chronic, undiagnosed parasitic disease: genital schistosomiasis (pronounced shis-to-so-MY-a-sis), often nicknamed 'schisto.' The disease, also known as bilharzia and snail fever, is caused by parasitic worms picked up in infested river water. It is marked by fragile sores in the far reaches of the vaginal canal that may serve as entry points for H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS. Dr. Eyrun F. Kjetland, who leads the Otimati team, says that it is more common than syphilis or herpes, which can also open the way for H.I.V."
Problem is that, according to the TFA, there are plenty of OTHER reasons for the high incidence of female AIDS:
That rape, incest and domestic violence are rife in southern Africa, where the AIDS epidemic is worst. That syphilis and herpes are rampant. That impoverished, fatherless young women are forced to pay with sex for food, clothes, grades and even car rides.
Still, it sounds like it's reasonable and important to treat the disease schistosmiasis on the grounds that it has other chronic, serious issues. Do the longitudinal study to see if it brings down HIV infections. A potential two in one.
Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
Having more people dying will not stop population growth. Even in Africa AIDS treatment works enough that they can just have more children to compensate for the people dying with AIDS. We need children to stay alive so that people will not want more then two children in their family. This has happened in Asia and it can happen in Africa.
And Africa will have 4 billion people. There are already so many kids there that it will happen and nothing - especially AIDS - can stop it.
Look at the presentations of this guy for more info:
http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_...
Lived in Africa 2.5 years, mid 80s. It was obvious to us that anyone with a diagnosed anything, any previous disease (such as shisto but also STDs and malaria) has had an injection with an unwashed needle. I've written letters to WHO. Even when we brought our own hypodermic needles to European run hospitals (Norwegian mission in my case), the white doctors would forget and use a used needle.
Africans typically felt cheated if they went to a doctor and didn't get a shot, and most doctors kept "vitamins" to inject as a placebo. My suspicion has always been that this link to western hypodermic needle / syringe use would be embarrassing to the WHO, same as the dysentery outbreak brought to Haiti by UN helpers. If I'm wrong, I hope someone can at least point to the study showing vaccinations with used needles are NOT the main cause of HIV in Africa, I'd sleep better.
Gently reply
When DNA is replicated in most life-forms, there are extensive proofreading mechanisms which identify replication errors, cut them out of the DNA, and then re-copy those sections.
In contrast, HIV does not extensively proofread new DNA during viral replication. That means that copy errors are quite likely, and over time lead to a heterogeneous population of mutant viruses in an infected person.
Like other viruses, HIV has evolved a balance between correct and incorrect DNA replication which keeps the virus deadly while still evading the immune system.
.: Semper Absurda
Refuted here: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pu...
If you have the cure and I have the disease, there's two things that could happen. I have the cure and you have the money or I have the cure and you have a bullet. It depends on the price you're asking for.
We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
My understanding is that short of enforced sterlisation or genocide, an improved standard of living and quality of life is the only sure way to curb population growth.
If the world really wants to see Africa bootstrapped out of poverty, we'd be focusing our efforts on the aid groups that are already providing tools, techniques and technologies (too tautological?) that can enable self-sufficiency for African villages wherever possible.
We send altogether too much aid in the form of food and goods which will always be a juicy target for the local factions.
..Mullah or Pope, Preacher or Poet, who was it wrote: "Give any one species too much rope and they'll fuck it up"?
The key to reducing birth rates is raising the opportunity cost of children. First world countries have falling birth rates because women have other opportunities and the cost of raising 3+ kids (in terms of hours not worked for pay as much as actual outlays for food, clothes, etc.) is very high.
Letting $insert_disease_here maintain relatively high mortality rates ENCOURAGES birth rates because it increases poverty and so decreases the (opportunity) cost of having children.
Evidence elsewhere does not support this theory.
Egypt for example, has one of the highest Schistosoma infections rates. Even its other name, Bilharzia, is after the guy who discovered it in Egypt in the mid 19th century (Theodor Bilharz).
My own father died from complications of Schistosoma. This is because in the 40s and 50s, the treatment involved antimony injections, and they used to stand up patients in line, and inject them all with the same glass syringe one after the other. This caused Hepatitis C virus to spread, even before they diagnosed the virus.
Back to the theory: Egypt has a very low AIDS incidence rate, so that seems to negate the finding.
However, there are many species of Schistosoma, so there may be variations there. And this vaginal version is something I have never heard about before. So perhaps the species they found over there is the cause.
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Per the CDC, black hetero females in the US have just about 4 times the new HIV infection rate than white hetero females: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/basics/ataglance.html
More CDC statistics here: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/basics/
Certainly this is a worthwhile course of investigation by the Norwegians, but the relatively high black female HIV prevalence in the US could indicate factors specific to race and not merely location.
By the way gorillas have small testicles and are highly monogamous, but chimps are very promiscuous and have large testicles to keep up with production. Of course in absence of a disease like AIDS or other STD's like syphilis, the promiscuous ones may quickly overtake the population compared to the self restrained ones, and drive the self restrained extinct very quickly, so there is always a balance in how non-promiscuous you should get, to adapt to the circumstances. Life adapts. Of course it's possible to have a lot of kids(that you may not be able to support but somehow, through poverty, they can reach adulthood) through a non-promiscuous monogamous relationship, and overtake the population like that, playing chicken with everybody else as to how far we can drive overpopulation issues before we stop. But promiscuity usually correlates with how many kids you have, especially for the men, that get around, a man can have 100 kids by 100 females within 3 months, while a woman has to wait 9 months before having a 2nd child. So the promiscuity struggle for dominating the population is controlled by the males a whole lot more than the females. A female usually wishes a man to stick around, but sometimes he values a man that lies to her to seduce her, then dumps her to go on to the next female, because the males she'll rear this way will also have a higher chance of survival, higher chance of promiscuous behavior. So a female is guilty for choosing the promiscuous men, too, as ultimately life and death is in the female's hands. She controls abortions, she controls upbringings, she controls what the son is going to be like in sexual behavior, while the father controls, has the most influence on what the daughter is gonna be like in sexual behavior. But regardless how his mother raised him, a man can choose to control his own behavior. There is this concept of personal responsibility.
no, its heterosexuals spreading it. there have been lots of stories going around africa that to cure yourself of aids you have to have sex with a virgin girl and of course the catholic pope still telling them not to use contraception (now thats a good christian thing to do..).
"The hands that help are better far than lips that pray." - Robert Ingersoll (1833-1899)
According to Isaac Asimov, lower birth rates are attributed to giving women more power in all aspects of society. When women are empowered in more than just being a good mother, they don't feel the need to have all those children.
See his interview with Bill Moyers from 1988
http://billmoyers.com/content/...