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Study Finds Porn Exposure Associated With Smaller Brain Region

New submitter Bodhammer (559311) writes "German researchers looked at the brains of 64 men between the ages of 21 and 45 and found that one brain region (the striatum, linked to reward processing), was smaller in the brains of porn watchers, and that a specific part of the same region is also less activated when exposed to more pornography." While it's tempting to cast blame, "the study doesn't confirm whether watching porn causes the changes, or whether people with a certain brain type are inherently more apt to tune into X-rated content." The study's abstract is available; the paper itself is pay-walled.

43 of 211 comments (clear)

  1. prost! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    At last a study that concerns /.ers more than any of the other stuff to be found here lately.

    1. Re:prost! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      At last a study that concerns /.ers ...

      What I want to know is where on Earth they found the control group?

    2. Re:prost! by mwvdlee · · Score: 5, Funny

      In other news, lying seems to be associated with a certain larger brain region.

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    3. Re:prost! by BlackPignouf · · Score: 3

      +1
      That was exactly my thoughts.
      This smaller brain region could also be associated to "I don't care what you think" or "My sexual life is fine, porn and masturbation are a part of it".

  2. Do you give up higher cerebral function by rmdingler · · Score: 4, Insightful
    in exchange for instant gratification of a primal nature?

    Almost certainly.

    Don't worry though, the reason you'll prosper if you live long is because aging gradually erodes the hold your base urges have upon you.

    --
    Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.

    Ernest Hemingway

    1. Re:Do you give up higher cerebral function by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 4, Interesting

      in exchange for instant gratification of a primal nature?
      Almost certainly.

      Hahaha. But don't assume. OP left out something that is important to keep in mind here: most people in modern society watch pornography to some extent. They even admit to it in polls (which means the polls probably don't count everybody who really does).

      Putting 2 and 2 together, that means that the people with the larger brain region are the abnormal ones. You should be asking what THEY "give up" in exchange for this deviance (from the norm, that is).

    2. Re:Do you give up higher cerebral function by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Don't assume it means anything—the striatum's primary function is coordinating motor control. If there is a meaningful causal link and this study is not just a p-value fishing expedition, it is so convoluted as to be incomprehensible.

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    3. Re:Do you give up higher cerebral function by Belial6 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It goes beyond that. Much of what we see day to day in technically non-porn magazines, billboards, TV commercials, signage in department stores, etc. would have been considered to be porn at various times in our history. Heck, when I was assigned to read, "The Scarlet Letter" in high school, it was immediately clear that it wasn't great writing. It was just 1800's porn.

      Porn is not really an easily defined term. Any study that wants to be taken seriously needs to be very explicit as to what they are defining as "porn".

    4. Re:Do you give up higher cerebral function by mod+prime · · Score: 2

      But the striatum interacts with other brain structures such as the frontostriatal circuit, which does mediate behaviour.

    5. Re:Do you give up higher cerebral function by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      Log off Mr. Cruise, no one here is gonna buy it.

    6. Re:Do you give up higher cerebral function by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Much more importantly, the study found correlation to *self reported porn watching*. Thus it's much more likely what they found was reverse correlation to willingness to lie, or any other number of social constructs.

    7. Re:Do you give up higher cerebral function by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 2

      Any study that wants to be taken seriously needs to be very explicit as to what they are defining as "porn".

      Well, Duh, porn ain't worth squat if it isn't explicit.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    8. Re:Do you give up higher cerebral function by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 4, Informative

      Now that I've had a chance to sit down and read through both the study and a few other things... you're correct, but it's not completely clear-cut, at least in my opinion, that the changes under consideration actually relate to reward-seeking, addict-like behaviour and aren't simply, say, a lack of sexual development due to being single.

      They found a variety of different features in their test subjects (actual anatomical differences, differences in activity level within the caudate, differences in interconnectedness between pudamen and caudate...) and saw these were strongly correlated with level of pornography use, on the basis of addiction. However, there were some people in the study who used alcohol in a mildly problematic way. They showed only a r = ~0.25 (weak positive correlation) with porn usage. That strikes me as pretty inconsistent—if these are pathways strongly implicated in addictive behaviour, why didn't the drunks line up more neatly with their data? They don't mention alcoholism again in the discussion, except to draw parallels between porn usage and various forms of drug usage, and to suggest psychiatrists should ask about porn usage.

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    9. Re:Do you give up higher cerebral function by jandersen · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Porn is not really an easily defined term.

      I would tend to disagree - and you hint at the definition yourself: "...it was immediately clear that it wasn't great writing. It was just 1800's porn." I think one of the things that make up porn is the fact that it is void of anything worthwhile, unless you appreciate its one selling point. In fact, you can extend the definition of porn to a lot of other products that use media to deliver this kind of monotonous, narrowly focused form without content. Like computer games that are all gore and no story, or tv channels that are nothing more than outlets for selling cheap crap. And quite possibly certain items of modern art, altough I admit the failing in this case may be due to my lack of sensitivity.

    10. Re:Do you give up higher cerebral function by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 3, Informative

      Just for your convenience, then, here are all the statistics from the paper:

      • Research in the United States has shown that 66% of men and 41% of women consume pornography on a monthly basis.3 An estimated 50% of all Internet traffic is related to sex.4
      • Sixty-four healthy male participants (mean [SD] age, 28.9 [6.62] years, range 21-45 years) were recruited.
      • Because the distribution of the reported PHs [hours of pornography use per week] was skewed and not normally distributed (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Z=1.54; P<.05), we transformed the variable by means of square root (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Z=0.77; P=.59).
      • The overall Internet Sex Screening Test score was positively correlated with the reported PHs (r64=0.389, P<.01). On the Sexual Addiction Screening Test, participants scored 1.35 on average (SD, 2.03). A positive correlation was observed between PHs and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test score (r64=0.250, P<.05) and Beck Depression Inventory score (r64=0.295, P<.05).

      And just because it's so important to the science, the rest of the results:

      When correlating PHs (square root) with GM segmentations, we found a significant negative association in the right striatum, namely caudate nucleus (based on the automated anatomical labeling atlas34; peak voxel: x=11, y=5, z=3; P<.001; corrected for multiple comparisons) (Figure 1A). When we used a lower threshold of P<.005, an additional cluster in the left caudate reached significance (x=6, y=0, z=6), showing that the effect is not clearly lateralized. We refer to the cluster as the striatum; however, for the subsequent discussion, it is noteworthy that the cluster overlaps with a reward processing literature-based probabilistic region of interest of the ventral striatum, created by means of in-house software35 (predominantly monetary-incentive delay task, see eAppendix in Supplement for details).

      As for alternative hypotheses, the only one they present is "Individuals with lower striatum volume may need more external stimulation to experience pleasure and might therefore experience pornography consumption as more rewarding, which may in turn lead to higher PHs."

      --
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  3. Presumably this is relative to porn abstainers by symbolset · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Where did they find them?

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    1. Re:Presumably this is relative to porn abstainers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      I watched a TED talk about the effect of pornography on the male brain and the presenter described how difficult it was for him to find control subjects for his study.

    2. Re:Presumably this is relative to porn abstainers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Somehow I'd bet the brain area in question is larger in compulsive liars, regardless of the exposure to adult entertainment.

    3. Re:Presumably this is relative to porn abstainers by kesuki · · Score: 3, Interesting

      "Where did they find them?"

      after the teenage burst, its really easy to quit porn. when i was a teen porn there was no such thing as too much porn, but the older i got the less interested in it i was. i think my record is 3 years no porn and of course no masturbation. but then again i am not typical and haven't even had sex, despite being 36 years old. and yes i am still living in my parents basement. but i pay rent to them they needed the extra income and they are getting older and it is good to see them once in a while.

    4. Re:Presumably this is relative to porn abstainers by WillKemp · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I watched a TED talk about the effect of pornography on the male brain and the presenter described how difficult it was for him to find control subjects for his study.

      That suggests that they've got their idea of "control" back to front.

    5. Re:Presumably this is relative to porn abstainers by schnell · · Score: 4, Informative

      i think my record is 3 years no porn and of course no masturbation. but then again i am not typical and haven't even had sex, despite being 36 years old.

      Correct. You are not typical. Your experience may be very normal in a community you would identify with such as asexuality, or it could potentially be associated with a disorder, such as hyposexuality.

      Your situation may be entirely healthy and rewarding for you, and that's great. And, frankly, you have probably saved a lot of money, time and heartache compared to many of us on the other side of that spectrum! I would just caution you not to use it as a yardstick for most other people in judging questions of sexuality.

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    6. Re:Presumably this is relative to porn abstainers by VillageDolt · · Score: 3, Funny

      Actually, this is my most erotic fantasy!!

      --
      justa lurker
    7. Re: Presumably this is relative to porn abstainers by Electricity+Likes+Me · · Score: 2

      People have had sex in an MRI machine. Though not while doing brain scans (they were fMRI ing the abdominal area).

    8. Re: Presumably this is relative to porn abstainers by TapeCutter · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Though not while doing brain scans (they were fMRI ing the abdominal area)

      Quite likely because orgasams are not created in the brain, they happen in a small bundle of neurons at the base of the spine, in fact a fresh corpse is capable of orgasam if the area is stimulated with a mild electric current. Further if you wire this up in a live rat so all it has to do is pull a lever to get an orgasm, it will hang off the lever until it dies of dehydration.

      As to TFA, if video porn is shrinking your brain, what is a good sex life doing to it? Seriously, if you have a healthy sex life then watching porn together is quite often a part of that. Also watching porm does not imply that you like ALL porn anymore than watching a cartoon means you like all cartoons. Males are much more likely to enjoy porn because males are (in general) are much more sensitive to visual stimulation. Also a faie chunk of the porn out there is not catering to sexual desire, it's catering to the desire for power (SM), or catering to catholic style guilt, ie people who revel in being "dirty" (ATM).

      To paraphrase Sagan, Science is more than a grab-bag of factoids, it's a philosophy, a way of thinking. I have no doubt these people carefully observed something interesting, but it seems to me they have prematurely jumped on the conclusion mat that best fits their worldview. OTOH it does generate way more questions than it answers, and according to Natural philosophy, that's a GoodThing(TM)

      --
      And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
  4. Does Size Matter? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Seeing as we have no evidence that such an area being smaller is a good or a bad thing I would caution away from using this information as anything more than an observation.

    1. Re:Does Size Matter? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      Your girlfriend or wife will say no, it's how you use it, but that's only a half truth.

      Someone with a smaller striatum who knows how to use it is likely going to give more pleasure than someone with a large striatum who is clueless about how the female brain works, but women prefer someone with a large striatum who knows how to use it over either.

      Of course, your striatum can be too large - and despite what you see in the movies, women do not like having their hippocampus jostled by some monster brainpart.

  5. bunch of liars by KiloByte · · Score: 2, Funny

    In other words, people with a smaller brain region are less capable of speaking the truth.

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    1. Re:bunch of liars by binarylarry · · Score: 2

      And KiloBytes seem to have a problem with reading comprehension.

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  6. Re:Golf ball by TWX · · Score: 2

    No, just that particular region. Can a brain region be measured in negative area?

    --
    Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
  7. Lemme get this straight... by The_Star_Child · · Score: 4, Funny

    So all guys have a smaller region of the brain?

  8. Correlation does not imply causation by volkerdi · · Score: 2, Insightful

    More pseudoscience. They say that they're not sure whether this means that porn shrinks your brain, or if the shrunken brain causes porn viewing. But, this leaves out the very real possibility that this correlation means nothing whatsoever. The site below collects correlations that look pretty convincing in the graphs, but quite obviously are unlikely to be cases of causation in either direction:

    http://www.tylervigen.com/

    1. Re:Correlation does not imply causation by mod+prime · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It's a technical paper in a medical journal. The intended audience doesn't need to be taught the fundamentals of statistics. That's why it was 'left out'.

  9. everyone's a brain scientist now by globaljustin · · Score: 3, Insightful

    This is an interesting question to research but I wish TFA wasn't paywalled b/c there are several factors they'd need to address that aren't mentioned in the description.

    1. is this just *watching* porn or watching and fapping...also fapping w/o any physical media stimuli

    2. they'd need to compare a control test with a completely different behavior/stimuli that triggers those same parts of the brain...it's "reward center" so maybe something with video games or receiving compliments on your appearance

    3. what about actual sex? does it do the same thing to this part of the brain? I know /.'ers probably can't imagine this but it's possible to have sex too much so I'd definitey need to see if actual sex is any different than their results with porn.

    those are some good starters...plenty of room for further research which means job security ;)

    --
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    1. Re:everyone's a brain scientist now by CanadianRealist · · Score: 3, Interesting

      As someone with a long history of depression and high intelligence I've spent quite a bit of time trying to understand my condition. One thing I've noted frequently is that I tend to derive less enjoyment than other people from most activities. (I think this is a cause of the depression rather than a result of it.) The most notable exception is sexual gratification, whether from sex with a partner or from masturbation. I don't find this surprising as I think that it is such a basic part of the way our brains are wired. Given that I am not in a relationship more often than I am, I frequently watch porn to masturbate.

      So in my case, I'd say it seems likely that a deficiency in the part of the brain associated with reward processing causes a greater exposure to porn.

  10. Re:Peer reviewed? by WarJolt · · Score: 2

    Only by these guys http://www.xxxchurch.com/.

  11. Striatum by Znork · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The striatum is implicated in ADHD and several studies have indicated reduced grey matter volume in that region for ADHD sufferers. Failure in the dopamine pathways will generally cause engagement in dopamine releasing activities, as a method of self medication.

    So it's not like finding a correlation between dopamine seeking and striatum deficiencies is unexpected. And the most likely direction of causation is that the deficient reward region causes the increased porn watching.

    Frankly I find the gleeful reporting on the issue to be somewhat offensive. Insinuating that what is probably an inherent handicap is something the handicapped did to themselves by being 'immoral' is quite disgusting.

  12. Re:Yeah, well... by bunratty · · Score: 2

    Well, one forearm anyway.

    --
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  13. Well by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

    Once you jack off to Japanese girls puking in each other's mouths, you can't exactly go back to Playboy.

  14. Re:At least spell it right by davester666 · · Score: 2

    The portion of the brain they are talking about is turned on by watching rom-com's.

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  15. other things would be better, alcohol metabolism by raymorris · · Score: 4, Informative

    Alcoholism would be among the least useful compulsive behaviors to compare because a large percentage of alcoholics metabolize alcohol differently than non-alcoholics. Therefore a significant portion of the problem is purely physical, not behavioral or centered in the brain. Potheads might be a better comparison - as far as we know, everyone's body processes THC in essentially the same way. There are of course many other compulsive behaviors that seem to be purely psychological / behavioral / brain-based, as opposed to being caused in part by differences in other bodily systems.

    Specifically, we know that the difference in alcohol processing is not a RESULT of drinking because non-drinkers who were siblings of alcoholics often displayed the same trait. It appears likely that these siblings were genetically predisposed to become alcoholics, but had not activated the condition by introducing alcohol into their system. The metabolic difference happens after alcohol turns into acetaldehyde. Most people have TWO enzymes that quickly break down the acetaldehyde. Many alcoholics are missing one of the two enzymes, which is controlled by a certain gene that has been mapped. With one of the enzymes missing, the acetaldehyde remains for a much longer period of time. During the period that acetaldehyde is present in significant amounts, the alcoholic experiences the phenomenon of craving - an overpowering desire for more alcohol. Therefore, it seems that alcoholism is largely caused by the lack of an important enzyme, rather than a difference in brain function.

    Of course, if a person who is missing the enzyme never becomes intoxicated in the first place, the craving will not be triggered. Also, there are many people who drink excessively but do not lack the enzyme and therefore probably do not have the craving effect. There are of course behavioral and psychological factors involved for these people, who could be called "hard drinkers".

  16. The truth! by SmallFurryCreature · · Score: 2

    The truth is that the brain region is used for lying, it is smaller in men who admit to watching porn and larger for men who lie about it.

    In women it is about the size of a coconut.

    --

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  17. Re:other things would be better, alcohol metabolis by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 3, Insightful

    That may call into question cause, but not consequence; if pursuing a drug addiction causes behavioural changes (which alcoholism certainly does, even when sober) then it is not unreasonable to assume some alteration in activity or structure of the striatum comes as a result of this. The paper cites previous work on the topic, saying that alcoholism (and drug addiction in general) is indeed correlated with changes in the striatum, so I wouldn't really question that part of it too vigorously. My complaint is basically that they seem to be violating a triangle inequality: the brain change is tightly correlated with two addictive behaviours in the sample, but they're only weakly correlated with each other. It sounds to me like porn is correlated with novel changes in the same region.

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  18. I doubt it, in most cases. Maybe prevent some. by raymorris · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Consider another well-known disease that involves a missing compound needed for metabolism - diabetes. Supplying insulin helps a diabetic patient, but doesn't "cure" the disease.

    It certainly seems plausible that by identifying people who lack the enzyme and either a) providing the enzyme or b) warning them of the problem, many cases could be avoided. People who lack the enzyme but abstain from alcohol seem to be okay generally, so that would seem a reasonable strategy. However, digestion of food creates alcohol, so that's an area where further study may be needed.

    The other thing is, once you take care of the enzyme in an active alcoholic, you're left with just a regular drug addict - alcohol is a drug, of course. You've treated the thing that makes alcohol addicts different from other addicts, but they're still an addict. We know also that alcoholism includes some positive feedback cycles. People often have a drink when negative events happens in their lives. When they drink excessively, that causes more negative events. The alcoholic typically ends up in a cycle of dependency. Indeed, it seems that many people identified as alcoholic have only the psychological dependance and are not lacking the indicated enzyme. Enzyme therapy therefore wouldn't be expected to work in these "type II" drinkers. It may turn "type I" (enzymatic alcoholics) into type II (psychologically dependent), but that doesn't seem to be a huge win. Enzyme therapy would probably need to be combined with treatment for the psychological side as well

    Looking at it another way, there are two primary issues with alcoholics. A) when they drink, they can't stop and B) they start drinking, even given the knowledge of B. Treating A doesn't fix the odd metal obsession that we see manifested in B.