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Chemists Grow Soil Fungus On Cheerios, Discover New Antifungal Compounds

MTorrice writes: Many drugs that treat bacterial and fungal infections were found in microbes growing in the dirt. These organisms synthesize the compounds to fend off other bacteria and fungi around them. To find possible new drugs, chemists try to coax newly discovered microbial species to start making their arsenal of antimicrobial chemicals in the lab. But fungi can be stubborn, producing just a small set of already-known compounds.

Now, one team of chemists has hit upon a curiously effective and consistent trick to prod the organisms to start synthesizing novel molecules: Cheerios inside bags. Scientists grew a soil fungus for four weeks in a bag full of Cheerios and discovered a new compound that can block biofilm formation by an infectious yeast. The chemists claim that Cheerios are by far the best in the cereal aisle at growing chemically productive fungi.

77 comments

  1. All jokes aside by shuz · · Score: 5, Funny

    What did the clown say to the mycologist?

    "I'm a fungi"

    --
    There is or can be built a machine that can simulate any physical object. -Church-Turing principle
    1. Re:All jokes aside by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      What do you call a mushroom that buys everyone drinks? A fungi to be around.

    2. Re:All jokes aside by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      What did the mycologist say? "How many of you are there?"

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    3. Re:All jokes aside by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What was the Italian mycologist's reply?

      "ba fungul"

    4. Re:All jokes aside by styrotech · · Score: 1

      I had to switch the voice in my head to a different accent to get that one :)

      ("funghee" vs "funguy" for those unsure what I'm rambling about)

    5. Re:All jokes aside by mattack2 · · Score: 1

      A mushroom walks into a bar.

      The bartender says "We don't serve your kind here."

      The mushrooms says "Why not, I'm a fungi."

  2. Nature scraping by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    And then they claim nature's ideas to be their own, and even get patent protection. How weird is this? I'll scrape now their research and claim it mine!

    1. Re:Nature scraping by MTorrice · · Score: 4, Insightful

      No one takes a molecule from a bacterium or fungus and then starts giving it to patients. You have to find the specific compound that allows the fungus/bacterium to kill its neighbors--a very labor intensive process. Then you have to get its structure. Then you test it to see if is druggable--will it last long enough in the bloodstream to be effective, for example. It probably isn't, so then you need to synthesize analogs and test them. Then you have to test it for toxicity, maybe synthesize more analogs to get around toxicity problems. And then you can start clinical trials--three rounds of them usually. Somewhere along the way you need to devise a way to make the compound in large enough quantities to turn it into a pill or injection or whatever deliverable form you're picking. So there are a lot of steps between "hey this compound from this fungus killed that bacteria," and "take this pill once a day for 10 days."

    2. Re:Nature scraping by nedlohs · · Score: 0

      And what does any of that have to do with getting a patent on said compound?

    3. Re:Nature scraping by MTorrice · · Score: 5, Informative

      Usually the compound in your pill is not the compound someone fished out of a microbe. It's been modified to give it better pharmacological properties--last longer in your bloodstream--and to avoid toxicity issues. So there is a lot of intellectual work that goes into making the compound you ingest even if the initial inspiration came from a fungus.

  3. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 2

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  4. Makes sense by Stargoat · · Score: 1

    Cheerios have a very large surface area relative to size, making them an ideal choice for growing bacteria / fungus.

    --
    Hoist Number One and Number Six.
    1. Re:Makes sense by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's probably also because Cheerios don't contain preservatives.

    2. Re:Makes sense by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      It uses a tocopherol to do so (says so on the label). The 'vitamin E' part. If they didnt the stuff would last 2-3 weeks before going nasty. It also contains salt a well known preservative.

    3. Re:Makes sense by king+neckbeard · · Score: 1

      Salt and tocopherol also have important biological functions, so while it is isn't strictly true that they have no preservatives, they have no preservatives that function only as preservatives. By your standard, a raw ear of corn has preservatives.

      --
      This is my signature. There are many like it, but this one is mine.
    4. Re:Makes sense by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

      Which, I imagine, must make French people very sad.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    5. Re:Makes sense by ArcadeMan · · Score: 2

      Eating a raw ear of corn is disgusting though. I prefer a raw nose of corn myself.

    6. Re:Makes sense by sexconker · · Score: 1

      Cheerios have a very large surface area relative to size, making them an ideal choice for growing bacteria / fungus.

      All of the "flake" cereals have Cheerios beat on surface area:volume.

    7. Re:Makes sense by mc6809e · · Score: 2

      It's probably also because Cheerios don't contain preservatives.

      Or it has preservatives that kill those organisms that would otherwise kill the fungi.

    8. Re:Makes sense by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Who peed in your corn flakes this morning?

    9. Re:Makes sense by Stargoat · · Score: 1

      But no depth to supply the fungus with the nutrition necessary for life.

      --
      Hoist Number One and Number Six.
    10. Re:Makes sense by TapeCutter · · Score: 1

      Don't bet on that, Cheerios have a lattice like internal structure that has orders of magnitude more surface area than what it would have with a smooth surface. You're intestines work on the same principle, they are lined with microscopic "fingers" that maximise the surface area used to absorb nutrients, without those fingers you would starve to death in a matter of weeks.

      While on the subject there's a good chance that rocks that have an internal structure similar to cheerio are an essential part of the hypothesis that life emerged from volcanic vents on the sea floor. The tiny bubbles in the rocks (think charcoal,scoria,etc) are perfect for forming lipid bubbles - primitive cell membranes that spontaneously arise from the lipids found in clay, clay only forms under water. Volcanic vents are the #1 suspect in the hunt to find where life arose on Earth...interesting stuff, you can google the rest with "abiogenesis Harvard"

      --
      And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
  5. Next 24 Hours News Cycle by tiberus · · Score: 3, Funny

    Scientific Community

    Cheerios are by far the best in the cereal aisle at growing chemically productive fungi

    Blue Press

    Cheerios discovered to harbor a wide range of funguses

    1. Re:Next 24 Hours News Cycle by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      Scientific Community

      Cheerios are by far the best in the cereal aisle at growing chemically productive fungi

      Blue Press

      Cheerios discovered to harbor a wide range of funguses

      Marketing: Cheerios might cure Ebola!

    2. Re:Next 24 Hours News Cycle by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Considering the things idiots get away with these days, like that guy from Delta. They could try, "50% Ebola survivors ate Cherioes before"

    3. Re:Next 24 Hours News Cycle by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Try this one weird trick to synthesize novel molecules!"

  6. Grow helpful fungi with this one weird trick! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    The disease killing secrets the cereal manufacturers don't want you to know.

  7. Oat flour by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Not suprising, haven't oat flour mixtures been a growing medium of choice for a long time among many who culture more "recreational" fungi?

    1. Re:Oat flour by ColdWetDog · · Score: 2

      Oats and Rye, typically. Yes.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
  8. Best part by TheCarp · · Score: 1

    The idea to put the Cheerios in a bag instead of a flask came in 2011, when Cichewicz stumbled upon a how-to blog for growing psychedelic mushrooms. Those growers use big, breathable plastic bags called mushroom bags. One 50-cent bag, Cichewicz calculated, would provide the same growing surface area as 18 Erlenmeyer flasks.

    Sometimes having all the money to buy the best equipment doesn't lead to the best solutions. Turns out some necessity can drive invention. Might even be called its...mother.

    I looked into magic mushrooms when I was in my 20s (its getting harder and harder to commit to that kind of experience these days....oh boy...6 hours eh?....yah.....) and its really amazing what people came up with.

    One of my favorites, was to use an oven rack as a virtual contamination hood. Preheat the oven, then pull out the rack and use it as a work surface. The flames trying to keep the oven hot give you a nice stream of warm decently sterile air, which keeps mold spores and bacteria off your work.... believe it or not, it actually works quite well.

    --
    "I opened my eyes, and everything went dark again"
    1. Re:Best part by ColdWetDog · · Score: 1

      You work inside the oven? Hmm. I guess that might work - if you're really short.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    2. Re:Best part by philip.paradis · · Score: 1

      Setting aside the GP's bit about pulling out a rack to use as a work surface, some ovens are larger than others. Given the magic mushrooms context and the odd historical trend of certain folks employed in mortuary roles adding embalming fluid to recreational substances in the 90s (is that still a "thing?"), maybe the GP was operating out of a full service Dearly Departed Disposal Department facility.

      That said, I don't know why a thinking person wouldn't just opt for a home-built laminar flow cabinet, which can be constructed at very little expense if a bit of effort is put into sourcing the required components. In a pinch, a unit suitable for basic biological specimen work can be built for USD $100 or less. Clearly, anyone building such a unit with the intention of handling potentially hostile materials should seriously consider needs versus risks, but in my experience dudes wishing to conduct personal mystical fungi pharmacology trials are not noted for being particularly receptive to cautionary notes.

      --
      Write failed: Broken pipe
    3. Re:Best part by TheCarp · · Score: 1

      > the odd historical trend of certain folks employed in mortuary roles adding embalming fluid to recreational
      > substances in the 90s (is that still a "thing?"),

      I don't believe this was ever "a thing" as much as an old wives tale. Now, its not exactly unheard of for something to start as a rumor and then for some idiot to try it. Hell, once, long ago, I spent a good hour laughing my ass off at some guy who came into a chat room exclaiming that he was, right that moment, engaged in the process of making "Bananadine". We egged him on for a while before he realized what an idiot he was.

      It may be a few idiots did this, but I always suspected "Embalming fluid" was street slang for PCP.

      Anyway yes, laminar flow cabinets are easy enough to make, but, remember this activity goes back many decades before internet access was a thing and so, is it really any surprise there are MANY techniques? In fact, its very similar to any sort of gardening....ask people about something as mundane as tomatoes and you will find several different methods people use and claim are the best.

      --
      "I opened my eyes, and everything went dark again"
  9. Re:Biofilm by CaptainDork · · Score: 4, Funny

    Biofilm is the scientific term that has been miss-used in the swamps of Louisiana referring to documentaries of the stagnant waterways locally known as, "bayou films."

    --
    It little behooves the best of us to comment on the rest of us.
  10. What about when Cheerios are inside us? by Vegan+Cyclist · · Score: 1

    Wondering if these same compounds, inside us after eating, would also enable fungal growth, leading to potential illness..? (Or superpowers? ;)

  11. So, my kids are OK ... by CaptainDork · · Score: 4, Funny

    ... for eating Cheerios off the floor.

    --
    It little behooves the best of us to comment on the rest of us.
    1. Re:So, my kids are OK ... by kencurry · · Score: 1

      ... for eating Cheerios off the floor.

      exactly, there had to be an explanation why kids could eat the cereal/funk they find under back seat of the minivan and never get sick!

      --
      sigs are for losers (except to point out that sigs are for losers)
  12. Yeah yeah by penguinoid · · Score: 2

    Someone called you out on having moldy bags of cereal, and you're pretending that it is cutting edge research. Like anyone's going to fall for that!

    --
    Don't waste your vote! Vote for whoever you want, unless you live in a swing state it won't matter anyways
  13. No news to me by bobdehnhardt · · Score: 1

    As the father of teenage boys, I could have told them Cheerios are great at growing fungus years ago.

    1. Re:No news to me by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You could have, but you didn't. That's why this Chemists guy is featured on Slashdot and not you. ;)

  14. Cool! by Jonifico · · Score: 1

    Yay! Go cheerios + science. I'm a happy nerd.

  15. This man put cheerios in a bag, by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    You'll never believe what it grew!

  16. Your Federal Tax Dollars At Work by __aaclcg7560 · · Score: 1

    Who knew that you could grow magical mushrooms in Cheerios?

    1. Re:Your Federal Tax Dollars At Work by PolygamousRanchKid+ · · Score: 1

      My scientific scam sense is tingling. I suspect that the scientists were just looking for a way to charge their munchies bill on a project account.

      Next up: New anti-fungal compounds can be grown on pizza, cocaine and whores!

      --
      Schroedinger's Brexit: The UK is both in and out of the EU at the same time!
    2. Re:Your Federal Tax Dollars At Work by philip.paradis · · Score: 1

      Any anti-fungal compounds found on your local whores probably came from a tube procured from the corner drugstore, but the potential efficacy of pizza and cocaine substrates may indeed warrant further investigation. I'll start printing up the requisite applications.

      --
      Write failed: Broken pipe
  17. What the f*ck? by TubeSteak · · Score: 2

    Also, Cheerios overcame a common problem in growing fungi. Standard growth media varies in composition from batch to batch. These small variations can alter fungi growth, meaning researchers canâ(TM)t consistently produce the same set of metabolites with each experiment. However, one Cheerio is the same as another, box to box, batch to batch, today or years from now.

    "Standard" media that isn't consistent sounds like a massive failure of quality control by the manufacturer.
    Does no one make a quality growth media?

    --
    [Fuck Beta]
    o0t!
    1. Re:What the f*ck? by ihtoit · · Score: 1

      clear agar is fairly standard. Chemically identical wherever you find it, in fact.

      --
      Political debates have me rolling my eyes so much I think I got optical whiplash. I should sue. - Foamy The Squirrel
    2. Re:What the f*ck? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, this isn't a problem of quality control. It's a problem of ingredients. Normal media contains ingredients such as yeast extract. That's a naturally obtained product with varying compositions. There isn't anything they can do about it. It's like using seawater as an ingredient. Anything could be in there. Making a complete, well-defined growth medium, out of just pure chemicals would be prohibitively expensive.

    3. Re:What the f*ck? by sound+vision · · Score: 1

      "Standard" in this case probably means something more like "typical" than "adhering to a strict standard".

  18. I did not know I owned a ... by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 1
    I did not know I have a microbial lab on top of my refrigerator! I kept throwing out old boxes of cheerios!

    Cheerios are very good baby sitters too. Empty a small portion of them in the tray of the high chair and the infants will have hours of fun picking them one at time and inspecting them individually and find their mouth with their tiny hands by trial and error.

    --
    sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
  19. Why Trix didn't work by Marginal+Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    "Silly Fungi - Trix are for kids!"

    1. Re:Why Trix didn't work by Bob+the+Super+Hamste · · Score: 1

      Those probably kill the fungi all by themselves.

      --
      Time to offend someone
    2. Re:Why Trix didn't work by Marginal+Coward · · Score: 1

      I dunno...it darn sure didn't work on my kids...

  20. Get rich quick scheme by MellowBob · · Score: 1

    I'm going to auction off my stinky pantry on eBay.

  21. My Plot to Destroy the World by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's time to reveal my dastardly plot to destroy the world in 5 easy steps.

    Step 1) Put a twinkie in a pot with some moldy bread and a UV light.

    Step 2) Wait until something starts to grow on the twinkie.

    Step 3) Release the growth into the wild and watch it destroy everything in it's path.

    Strep 4) ?????

    Step 5) Profit.

    1. Re:My Plot to Destroy the World by ihtoit · · Score: 1

      the universe will die a heat death while you wait for #2.

      --
      Political debates have me rolling my eyes so much I think I got optical whiplash. I should sue. - Foamy The Squirrel
  22. Healthy Breakfast by Gim+Tom · · Score: 1

    No wonder I never seem to have a cold or other infections. I eat them almost every morning.

  23. Must have a huge budget to do this by smooth+wombat · · Score: 1

    Considering how much a 12 oz box of Cheerios costs, these guys must have a direct line to a consistent source of funding.

    --
    We will bankrupt ourselves in the vain search for absolute security. -- Dwight D. Eisenhower
    1. Re:Must have a huge budget to do this by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What are you talking about? Cheerios are cheap. One day of general purpose lab supplies, gloves, test tubes, petri dishes, etc, is going to cost way more then an entire box of cheerios, which should last for weeks worth of experiments. The cheerios are almost the cheapest part of the experiment.

  24. "Chemists Grow Soil Fungus On Cheetos" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I mis-read this at first. Though maybe the orange powdery snack had some magic health-giving properties. No such luck.

  25. New marketing slogan by The+Grim+Reefer · · Score: 1

    The chemists claim that Cheerios are by far the best in the cereal aisle at growing chemically productive fungi.

    I wonder how much spin the marketing team at General Mills will have to put on this to be able to use it in advertising. I'd buy them for having the quote above printed on the box.

    1. Re:New marketing slogan by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      By removing the part of the quote that doesn't matter, we get:

      Chemists claim "Cheerios are by far the best in the cereal aisle..."

  26. if you know anything at all about this by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    you know that in labs that have actually been working on this for decades, they dozens and dozens of growth media, and they try all their new bio samples on lots and lots of diff media; I bet there are even HTS papers on this
    In other words, MIT hype

  27. Enough already by lxw56 · · Score: 1

    Slashvertising was bad before, but now we're shilling for General Mills? That's it, I'm out.

  28. Re:Biofilm by towermac · · Score: 1

    Not sure why you're joking, that is absolutely true. Well, except the part about showering; showering hardly hurts your skin flora at all. (Unless you're showering in bleach or something.)

  29. Really good news for General Mills by damn_registrars · · Score: 1

    This supports their notion that Cheerios have a large amount of natural ingredients. If Cheerios were mostly artificial they wouldn't likely grow much of anything. It would be interesting to try Cheerios vs store brand, regular vs honey-nut (or other varieties) and see how they do.

    --
    Damn_registrars has no butt-hole. Damn_registrars has no use for a butt-hole.
    1. Re:Really good news for General Mills by neo-mkrey · · Score: 2

      I see a large grant in your future.

    2. Re:Really good news for General Mills by damn_registrars · · Score: 1

      I see a large grant in your future.

      A grant from General Mills or another cereal producer, perhaps. As someone who has spent time working on federal (in particular NIH, NSF, DOE) grant applications I can tell you that this wouldn't fly with them - at least, not in the current fiscal climates that they all face.

      --
      Damn_registrars has no butt-hole. Damn_registrars has no use for a butt-hole.
  30. Re:Biofilm by X0563511 · · Score: 1

    ... also makes you less attractive to parasites that use CO2 to find you, such as mosquitos.

    --
    For large sets, this will be our guide even unto death, for the LORD will work for each type of data it is applied to...
  31. Re:Biofilm by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Sexual Partner Repellant == 96%

  32. next up, burgers by ihtoit · · Score: 1

    ...repeated attempts to get ANYTHING to grow on a Big Mac have predictably met with failure.

    --
    Political debates have me rolling my eyes so much I think I got optical whiplash. I should sue. - Foamy The Squirrel
    1. Re:next up, burgers by TapeCutter · · Score: 1

      repeated attempts to get ANYTHING to grow on a Big Mac have predictably met with failure.

      WTF? Have you not seen the size of the people who eat those things?

      --
      And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
    2. Re:next up, burgers by ihtoit · · Score: 1

      yes, they also consume vast amounts of pork products.

      --
      Political debates have me rolling my eyes so much I think I got optical whiplash. I should sue. - Foamy The Squirrel
  33. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  34. MAGIC! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I wonder how good they are for psilocybes, sure would be easier to find than rye berries or rice flour.

  35. Re:Biofilm by sound+vision · · Score: 1

    Generally soap doesn't kill anything, it just makes things that are not water soluble, soluble in the water-soap solution, and thus easy to wash away.

  36. Depends by Mathinker · · Score: 1

    > it just makes things that are not water soluble, soluble in the water-soap solution

    Like... cell membranes? Lots of surfactants have antiseptic properties: for example, cocamidopropyl betaine. In fact, I'd guess that most surfactants are at least mild antiseptics.