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Microsoft Works On Windows For ARM-Based Servers

SmartAboutThings writes According to some reports from the industry, Microsoft is working on a version of its software for servers that run on chips based on ARM Holdings's technology. Windows Server now runs on Intel hardware, but it seems that Redmond wants to diversify its strategy. An ARM-based version of Windows Server could help challenge Intel's dominance and make a place for ARM in the server market, not only in mobile chips. According to the article, though, Microsoft "hasn’t yet decided whether to make the software commercially available."

28 of 113 comments (clear)

  1. Microsoft Works? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Why would you want Microsoft Works on you server ARM or no?

    1. Re:Microsoft Works? by ArmoredDragon · · Score: 2

      Though judging by how Microsoft handled it's last shot at arm, it may shoot itself in the foot instead...again.

      I think Windows on Arm could have worked well, but Microsoft made the incredibly stupid decision to only allow it to run under the RT platform, and worse is that it was forced under a walled garden.

    2. Re:Microsoft Works? by cbhacking · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The only really stupid aspect of the Windows-on-Arm (AKA Windows RT) product line was the intentionally crippling it to only be able to run stuff signed by MS. Take out that restriction, and it's actually pretty decent: full web browser (to which Firefox and Chrome and all could have been ported, although - speaking as somebody who tried porting Chrome - that doesn't mean it would be easy), full file management, built-in "root" (just a standard UAC prompt), multi-user support, scripting capability (all the standard Windows languages), built-in Office and Remote Desktop software, ability to use Windows networking (SMB), updates from MS rather than from some OEM that may or may not bother to push important patches or so on, and a bunch of other nice stuff. Combine that with the inability to join domains (a purely artificial restriction, as they didn't even take out the domain-client code; hack the registry a bit and it will happily join domains) and you had something that nobody really wanted

      As soon as it was jailbroken, a bunch of useful stuff - ranging from 7-Zip to DOSBox to Python - was ported over. Additionally, anything that was pure .NET, or .NET with P/Invoke of functions from built-in OS libraries, ran without so much as a recompile. The problem was the need to jailbreak (and then the absurd level of effort that MS went to with 8.1 to break the jailbreak). That meant that commercial developers never ported their stuff to RT (all the community-ported apps are open source), and there was no software ecosystem outside of the joke of the Windows Store. One guy, in his spare time, wrote a surprisingly decent x86 emulation layer that could run a reasonable amount of old Wintel software as-is; pay him to do it as his full-time job and it could have run anything that wasn't simply too performance-intensive for the dynamic recompilation on low-powered CPUs.

      So, with that said, an "RT Server" could be pretty useful... if MS didn't go all brain-dead on third party software again. Not a lot of point running a web server that can't run PHP or Java or even ASP.NET to host web applications, these days. File serving is fine as long as you stick to SMB, assuming it can also join a domain and do all the standard Win Server stuff with volume management, I guess.

      --
      There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
    3. Re:Microsoft Works? by ArmoredDragon · · Score: 2

      to which Firefox and Chrome and all could have been ported

      With the annoying stipulation that they aren't allowed to be set as the default browser. In Windows RT, IE is hard coded as the default, just like Safari in iOS.

      In fact if you look at the whole RT setup from a distance, it's pretty blatant that Microsoft wanted to just flat out copy Apple's mobile model. Problem is they apparently missed the memo that Google had already outdid Apple in that arena, and did so without using a walled garden, making it appeal to both power users and casual users, becoming a vastly more popular platform in the process.

      But it seems that Microsoft found out the hard way that being way late to the "casual users only" game just makes you become distant second to somebody else who themselves is already a distant second, making their mobile effort amount to practically nothing.

  2. Link = Download? by danknight48 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Nice checking on the editing there /.

    1. Re:Link = Download? by Mr+Z · · Score: 4, Informative

      Remove the / from the end of the link and it works. Annoying.

  3. yes... by funkymonkjay · · Score: 2

    this is because Windows RT did so well! Hey, mr CEO, you clearly need to lay off more people.

    1. Re:yes... by Deathlizard · · Score: 2

      The main reason RT Failed is because MS Would not let you develop Desktop apps for it. All you could do was port metro apps and businesses stayed away from it cause you couldn't add it to a domain. It also was more expensive than Android tablets so it was already priced out of the market.

      They could have also saved it by making it a Chromebook competitor. FWIW if someone made a laptop with RT running on a good ARM Processor, and sold it for under $200 it would fly off shelves. It's basically got everything most people need. (Write and print documents, browse the web, and check Email. Windows, IE and Office combined satisfy that need), Sure you would be stuck with IE and a locked down windows, but at $200 or lower it would have sold well and would probably run a lot better than the $200 windows 8 PC's that they're currently trying to push. In Fact, RT in a Netbook would technically do more since RT comes with office.

    2. Re:yes... by Bert64 · · Score: 2

      It would sell because its marketed as windows, and then customers would be disappointed because it didnt do the same things their desktop windows does. After a short while, it would earn itself a terrible reputation and people would avoid it, and the existing unwanted devices would show up on ebay very cheaply.

      On it's own merit, windows rt offers nothing over android or ios, and at $200 the hardware would at best be the same spec as $200 android hardware if windows were given away for free. On the other hand, its unlikely to be free, so the hardware would be inferior to cover the cost and then you also have a much smaller pool of apps than android/ios devices have.

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    3. Re:yes... by cbhacking · · Score: 2

      RT actually offers a lot over iOS and Android, especially over the versions available at the time it was released.

      Full web browser, with dev tools and fine-grained settings and all. Oh and Flash (love it or hate it, Flash is a factor on the web even today, never mind back then).
      Built-in "root" (just a UAC prompt) and full file browser with support for Windows file sharing.
      Word, Excel, Powerpoint, OneNote, and Outlook (on 8.1) all built in, plus built-in Remote Desktop client.
      Real, normal-OS-style multitasking (though limited to the desktop + one Metro app at a time, but that's a Metro stupidity not an RT one in particular).
      Ability to act as a WiFi hotspot while also connected to an access point (though you have to use netsh).
      Support for scripting (CMD/Powershell/WSH) with all the standard Windows utilities (though it would have been nice to have bash or similar, sigh).
      Real multi-user support, as on normal Windows systems.
      Disk Management so you can do custom partition setups (usually used to remove the recovery partition after backing it up, restoring a few GB of space).
      Act as a USB host for lots of everyday hardware (I realize most Android tablets can do this, but iOS still can't).

      It does all the same stuff desktop Windows does (it actually supports a bit more than the "Home" versions of Windows 8, like BitLocker full volume encryption)... except run software compiled for x86 instruction sets. Well, or run desktop software that doesn't have a Microsoft signature. Both of those things were fixed, at least somewhat, by the jailbreak for RT 8.0; the emulation layer for x86 was incomplete but you could run some stuff on it just fine.

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  4. why u no love me timothy? by SmartAboutThings · · Score: 4, Funny

    it seems that moderator timothy likes to modify my submission links all the time. sigh...

  5. Irrelevant by ArhcAngel · · Score: 3, Informative

    The majority of shops these days run a hypervisor on the bare metal and load Windows as a virtual machine. Now if Microsoft is working on an ARM version of Hyper-V that's a different story. But even the hard core Microsoft shops I work with use VMWare as their hypervisor of choice.

    --
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    1. Re:Irrelevant by ledow · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The problem would be that the virtualisation of ARM on Intel or vice versa would suffer quite large performance problems. You're basically into emulation, rather than virtualisation.

      So even if they could do that, you wouldn't see much point in doing it over just running your Intel stuff on Intel hypervisors and your ARM stuff on ARM hypervisors. What you'd gain would be, well, almost nothing.

      At least it's a showing, though, that the Microsoft code is in a big better shape that they can port things across. That is, of course, assuming it ever comes to fruition. Microsoft has had a lot of non-Intel architectures over the years and they've always played second-fiddle and then been obsoleted.

      Quite what they expect to get from aiming at ARM, I can't see. You won't get Intel compatibility, so you're effectively running another OS that - actually - only specialist places that are running huge compute farms etc. are using, or smaller gadgets where you'll struggle to sell a non-compatible Windows (like Windows CE was).

    2. Re:Irrelevant by danthemanvsqz · · Score: 2

      I think the benifit of using ARM would be energy effeciency not computing power.

    3. Re:Irrelevant by ADRA · · Score: 2

      Windows has been mostly architecturally portable since NT was released. The fact that they're debating supporting ARM's for their server cores is more interesting because it means their main consumer Windows OS could also run on ARM tablets / netbooks now, which I think has more viability for them. Having their managed code stack and applications that can be binary portable between underlying OS architectures would be the BIG win Microsoft should've done originally when they released their tablet-lite versions of software.

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    4. Re:Irrelevant by Bert64 · · Score: 2

      There are hypervisors for ARM, but most current ARM based servers seem to be geared up towards having lots of small machines rather than a single big machine split into lots of virtual images...
      It's really PCs vs Mainframes all over again.

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    5. Re:Irrelevant by cbhacking · · Score: 2

      The stupid thing is, Windows RT *already* demonstrates that "their main consumer Windows OS could also run on ARM tablets / netbooks"... but they had to go and cripple it into near-uselessness. Recompiling most software for ARM instead of x86 is pretty trivial; it's a drop-down in Visual Studio and then you hit Build again. Stuff like web browsers (which have JavaScript JITs and are therefore inherently platform-dependent) have already been ported to ARM on non-Win32 platforms. Stuff that only compiles on Visual C++ 6.0 because it's full of crappy non-standard code needs to be updated to work with a modern compiler, but that's no big deal. GCC already supports targeting ARM and targeting Win32; those would just need to be combined to give support for Win32-on-ARM.

      I'm not going to pretend that everything would have been ported over instantly, but a good bit of stuff would have been. Then there's the architecture-independent stuff. .NET code will run un-modified, even if it uses P/Invoke to call into Windows libraries (the same libs, with the same functions, are just as available on RT as on x86 Windows). Python was ported by the RT hacker community (for jailbroken devices), even including the native code interop stuff (though that took longer to port). Ruby was similarly ported. Java would have been ported by Oracle if Microsoft made it a worthwhile target, but in the meantime IKVM (a .NET-based Java runtime) works. Microsoft themselves actually ported Perl, of all things; it'll even run without jailbreak.

      Then there's all the legacy stuff that people don't run on bare systems anymore anyhow. A lot of GOG's older stuff runs in DOSBox, which was ported to RT (you can run the GOG products on RT if you jailbreak, install the ported DOSBox, and then copy the files from the GOG installer over to the tablet); they could easily have added support for their installers running on RT. Same goes for ScummVM and a bunch of other old scripted game engines. Finally, stuff that was written for a 100MHz Pentium will happily run on an ARM chip using emulation. There's actually a hacked-together dynamic recompilation layer for jailbroken RT devices that uses the native OS libraries (with shims to account for differences in calling convention between ARM and x86) that can run a fair bit of old Wintel software even though it was never finished, and it's a lot faster than emulating an entire legacy OS.

      --
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  6. diversity isnt the problem by nimbius · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Redmond wants to diversify its strategy.

    Microsoft makes video games, consoles, operating systems, telephones, cloud services, office applications, car stereos, tablets, mice, keyboards, voip calling, a search engine, an internet browser, almost a dozen proprietary coding languages, educational books, a GPS map website, portable music players, internet chat, wireless display adapters, internet email and storage, a SQL server, and a gob of money on its training and certification services. The problem is mircosoft is creating products people do not need.

    each of the aforementioned offerings has had an industry or at least socially accepted standard in place for more than 2 years, and in some cases more than a decade. Microsofts problem is that they cant come up with new ideas and fail to see the logic behind existing ideas. Arm started out as a Unix platform, and has been extensively developed as a Linux platform. the Linux kernels ARM support has existed for 4 years, which seems to be the average amount of time it takes redmond to realize something new has happened. Even if Redmond offered an arm-server version of windows, it would have to compete with well documented, functional, and most importantly free versions of Linux that likely exist on ARM because they were proven assets in X86 for their particular task, not because Windows didnt exist at the time. the standard track-run of a microsoft offering will likely be provided with their ARM offering:

    1. Arm is offered, priced to buy, and servers preloaded with the microsoft tax
    2. Arm is subsidized in standard licensing contracts to major businesses beholden to redmond in their desktop environment. rejecting the subsidies will cause a loss of already existing discounts, just like Azure.
    3. this dole will be touted as market acceptance of Windows for ARM. metrics will be conveyed in trade journals and PHB will respond with demo units for the tech teams.
    4. Tech teams will ignore the device as its not needed and performance is significantly worse than the existing *nix, not to mention exising code ported from x86 unix/linux systems wont run on it.
    5. Microsoft will bail cash from XBox revenue into their ARM venture for 5-8 years, or roughly 1 zune.
    6. Microsoft will quietly EOL the product and never speak of it again.
    7. Microsoft will spin the wayback machine 4 years into the past and try their hand at Microsoft twitter or some equally doomed project.

    --
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  7. Deja Vu, Microsoft? by __aaclcg7560 · · Score: 2

    Might as well bring out Windows Server for the DEC Alpha.

  8. Good luck with that by pak9rabid · · Score: 4, Insightful

    MS couldn't produce a mobile device that anybody wanted (where ARM makes much more sense). What makes them think they're going to have any success on the server front?

  9. Those who don't know history... by bobbied · · Score: 4, Informative

    Are bound to repeat it. (And those who do know history are doomed to watch helplessly while others repeat it).

    Didn't Microsoft try this with NT? I recall that it had a DEC workstation Variant (Not that it worked all that well.)

    My guess is that all the people who understood why this effort failed so completely are now gone and few are left who remember the lesson learned for Microsoft in that boondoggle. So the young bucks are now in the process of repeating the history they don't know. They will get *some* market share, but for the price sensitive user, Linux will be a better option for ARM because going to ARM only makes sense for large sized installs. Large installs have huge license costs and start to look cheaper on Linux, even with the management costs being more.

    My guess is that this won't go well for Microsoft, but if they want to shoot themselves in the foot again, so be it. Personally, I'd not want to poke the Intel bear too much if I was Microsoft.

    --
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    1. Re:Those who don't know history... by Bugler412 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The only reason NT on Alpha failed was market share driven by DEC's hardware prices (the only source of Alpha based servers at the time) was about three times the equivalent i386 server from Dell or Compaq. I ran a shop fully populated with Alpha's running NT 3.1, 3.51 and NT4 at first, we switched to Dell i386 servers because of this. The DEC Alpha's did have very good availability and uptime, but for three times the cost, and very limited to non-existent third party software (backup software, security software, etc.). It was very hard to justify the expense. Not to mention being locked in to DEC for auxiliary hardware like NICs and RAID controllers which limited the selection severely, and again at triple the cost per unit. DEC Alpha's running NT were great runners, but their hardware pricing, selection and availability is what did it in, not weakness of the OS on that platform. Methinks you should get your facts and root causes for the failures in the market of the Alpha/NT product straight before you spout off.

    2. Re:Those who don't know history... by Bert64 · · Score: 2

      NT for Alpha actually worked very well, it was considerably faster and more stable than the x86 version.

      The problem was a lack of applications... Most windows apps are closed source, and only compiled for x86 which meant you either couldn't run them at all, or you had to run them through emulation which incurred a significant performance hit.

      That's why Linux is in much better shape on non x86 architectures than windows, the fact that drivers/apps/etc can easily be recompiled by anyone and in most cases already have been.

      Pretty much everything most people would want to do on an x86 linux box, i can also do on an alpha, ppc or arm based linux box... The same is not true with windows.

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    3. Re:Those who don't know history... by bobbied · · Score: 2

      NT for Alpha actually worked very well, it was considerably faster and more stable than the x86 version.

      My experience didn't match that, but I think mine was a bit unique. We where a DEC shop and where going to switch to NT. DEC and Microsoft engineers descended on us after somebody in management agreed to go that route, but they took weeks trying to get the software installed and working. I still remember the two engineers in the next cube claiming the other's company was at fault. They had a heck of a time getting all the hardware (video and network) to match the drivers and actually function and neither really knew why what they had didn't work. Of course this was all going on during what we call "beta" test time. I think we tossed them out the door after two weeks of flailing. But that's what I remember it to be like.

      Glad to hear they got it working for somebody though it never did for us.

      --
      "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
  10. There may be no efficiency gains by Junta · · Score: 3, Informative

    ARM won over in the mobile device space because of solid engineering around a low power envelope, without trying to compete with x86 performance in any way. Basically Intel made a mistake by not having *any* appropriate chips for that space at all. Performance per watt was never demonstrated to be better if you followed the curve up to desktop/server class energy consumption. Intel has actually competently answered in their Atom space, and has secured some mindshare among Android vendors (which I never would have guessed could be possible). Intel is second comer to the party and thus the ecosystem is clearly stacked against them, but they still managed to get their components in the market.

    Some vendors are starting to tout ARM based competitors to Xeon. The problem being their energy consumption numbers at this point are actually higher and achieve lower performance numbers in compute and have worse I/O capability.

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    1. Re:There may be no efficiency gains by steveha · · Score: 2

      My understanding is that ARM-based microservers are attractive for low-compute workloads. For example, a half-rack with 1600 microservers in it would do a great job of coping with the Slashdot effect (it could spin up a whole bunch of web servers).

      You are right that if you are scaling out major number crunching jobs, fast Xeon boxes will work out to be more efficient. But those Xeon boxes would be wasted just serving up web pages.

      HP has released figures claiming that 1,600 of its Project Moonshot Calxeda EnergyCore microservers, built around ARM-based SoCs, packed into just half a server rack were able to carry out a light scale-out application workload that took 10 racks of 1U servers -- reducing cabling, switching, and peripheral device complexity. The result, according to HP, was that carrying out the workload used 89 percent less energy and cost 63 percent less.

      http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/10-things/10-things-you-should-know-about-microservers/

      I think Docker and microservers will turn out to be a great combination. Lightweight Docker containers should run great on the microservers.
      IMHO the ARM competitors to Xeon are principally interesting to show that you won't be "painting yourself into a corner" if you adopt the ARM platform: it still has plenty of room to improve.

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  11. Active Directory, DHCP, DNS.. by Blaskowicz · · Score: 2

    A Windows server is likely to run the services that come with the OS. It's not so much like desktop-style use, where people want to run a game from 2008, genealogy software from 1997, and the software that came with the printer and camera on disc. Windows on ARM was toast for that market as well as failing to replicate the tablet/phone crap market of iOS and Android, which were available years earlier.

    On the other hand small LAN infrastructure servers are useful. Now imagine some Mac Mini sized shit running that, next to the company's router and NAS. Yes it should all be linux, ldap, pam or kerberos, nfs, samba, bind etc. but for some reason a Windows server is prefered to a *nix guru, perhaps it's more easy to get one.

    And then a ton of server stuff doesn't care about the CPU : .NET, java, PHP and the others.
    Short answer : it doesn't matter much and they already own a huge share of the server market.

  12. Re:Windows NT 3.5 by cbhacking · · Score: 2

    Not based on Mach, so far as I know. The head guy on the NT kernel team, Dave Cutler, came to Microsoft from DEC, where he'd been working on VMS. With that said, NT wasn't really based on anything else (although some of the TCP/IP stack in pre-6.0 versions apparently came from BSD). It was supposed to be a microkernel, but round about the 4.0 timeframe a bunch of stuff got shoved back into the kernel for performance reasons, because switching ring levels was expensive enough to matter back then.

    It is, however, written almost entirely in portable C code. In fact, when being originally developed, they explicitly did not target x86 so as to avoid letting any x86-isms slip into the code base; you could say x86 was the first architecture it was ported *to*.

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