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Microbe Found In Grassy Field Contains Powerful Antibiotic

sciencehabit writes For much of the last decade, a team of researchers in Boston has eagerly exhumed and reburied dirt. It's part of a strategy to access an untapped source of new antibiotics—the estimated 99% of microbes in the environment that refuse to grow in laboratories. Now, their technique has yielded a promising lead: a previously unknown bacterium that makes a compound with infection-killing abilities. What's more, the team claims in a report out today, the compound is unlikely to fall prey to the problem of antibiotic resistance. That suggestion has its skeptics, but if the drug makes it through clinical trials, it would be a much needed weapon against several increasingly hard-to-treat infections.

17 of 84 comments (clear)

  1. The hard part is yet to come by Dorianny · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Finding things that kill bacteria is easy. Finding things that kill bacteria and do not significantly harm the host, now that is the hard part.

    1. Re:The hard part is yet to come by beelsebob · · Score: 4, Informative

      That's exactly what they claim to have found (at least so far in tests on mice). They also assert that they think it would be extremely difficult for MRSA to adapt to this drug, as it would require a fundamental change in the structure of it as being a gram positive bacteria.

    2. Re:The hard part is yet to come by Dorianny · · Score: 4, Informative

      Finding things that kill bacteria is easy. Finding things that kill bacteria and do not significantly harm the host, now that is the hard part.

      That's exactly what they claim to have found (at least so far in tests on mice). They also assert that they think it would be extremely difficult for MRSA to adapt to this drug, as it would require a fundamental change in the structure of it as being a gram positive bacteria.

      I should have specified a human host. Biotech is littered with drugs that seems to work great on test animals but have serious side effects on humans.

    3. Re:The hard part is yet to come by Shakrai · · Score: 2

      Finding things that kill bacteria is easy.

      Like handguns? :D

      Finding things that kill bacteria and do not significantly harm the host, now that is the hard part.

      Details.

      --
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    4. Re:The hard part is yet to come by gbjbaanb · · Score: 2

      I suppose we can feed it to farmed animals in great quantities instead of the usual antibiotics we feed them in great quantities.

      (note there are strict withdrawal periods for all animals coming up to slaughter to ensure the antibiotics used in their feed is not present in the meat)

    5. Re:The hard part is yet to come by pesho · · Score: 5, Informative

      You didn't read the paywalled article, did you?

      The antibiotic blocks the bacterial cell wall synthesis. Animals don't have this particular cellular component, so the drug is essentially inactive against humans. This was shown by doing tests on mice. There is the possibility that the drug may elicit allergic response in humans (penicillin often does), but this will be tested in clinical trials.

      The more exciting part of the work that did not get any mention in the summaries is how they found the antibiotic. They developed an approach to grow on a large scale microorganisms that were previously impossible to culture in lab conditions. They capture the microorganisms on a chip and then put the chip back into the environment from which the samples was isolated. This means that they did not need to guess what kind of nutrients each microorganism will need (they tested ~10,000 different microbes). The approach allowed them to grow 50 fold more microorganisms compared to what was possible using the current state of the art. To me this is the big news, because antibiotic discovery has been limited by our ability to grow microorganisms in the lab.

    6. Re:The hard part is yet to come by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

      That's exactly what they're claiming. From TFA:

      Moreover, these pathogens failed to develop resistance to the compound: There were no surviving individuals that had evolved to withstand its attack. (Resistance usually develops when a small percentage of microbes escape an antibiotic because of a mutation and then those bacteria multiply.) Lewis initially took this total devastation as a discouraging sign—the mark of “another boring detergent.” (Bleach, after all, is a strong antibiotic, but it’s a little too effective at killing any surrounding cells.) However, it turned out that the new compound, which the group named teixobactin, was not toxic to human cells in a dish.

      Yes there haven't been human trials yet, but that's very promising.

    7. Re:The hard part is yet to come by icebike · · Score: 2

      Finding things that kill bacteria is easy. Finding things that kill bacteria and do not significantly harm the host, now that is the hard part.

      The hardest part might be finding patients willing to spend a year dead and buried in some random field just to cure a case of jick itch.

      --
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    8. Re:The hard part is yet to come by ChrisMaple · · Score: 4, Funny

      It will take years to actually even start to identify the damage this new antibiotic may have on the body.

      Are you saying it shouldn't be used to save someone about to die from an otherwise untreatable bacterial infection? If so, you have a future at the FDA!

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    9. Re: The hard part is yet to come by Electricity+Likes+Me · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Exactly - evolution isn't "random". Mutations are random - but the development of specific traits requires an actual path from A to B that doesn't weaken a generation of organism too much, while still enabling them to survive the selective pressure in sufficient quantity.

      That in the paper, by feeding constant low-level non-lethal doses, did not yield resistant mutants, suggests there's no easy way for MRSA to develop a resistance mechanism.

  2. Misleading title by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    Even by Slashdot's own TL;DR: summary, the title of this is wrong. Its not the new antibiotic in 30+ years that's astonishing, its the technique used in the experiment because it allows scientists to get easier access to those microbes that wouldn't grow in a lab. That hurdle is now a thing of the past.

  3. Just in time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    The perfunctory use of antibiotics in factory farms is engineering a bacterial plague that will resist all our medicines and will be devastating once it becomes infectious to humans.

    With this new antibiotic in our arsenal, we can merrily continue to pump our livestock full of antibiotics all day, without ever worrying about future harmful consequences.

    We have solved this problem for good. Carry on!

  4. Re:Will it treat the "Allahu akbar!" infection? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    And how many people were murdered over Piss Christ?

    How many die in Africa from sexually transmitted disease that is preventable through prophylactic use of condoms?

    Your mistake was assuming that the things that upset Muslims to irrational behavior and violence would also have a parallel in Christianity. Huge cultural difference between the people of those two religions, but both are harmful to society and quite insane.

  5. Re:Training... by pesho · · Score: 5, Informative

    If we keep taking natural antibiotics from nature, mass manufacture them, won't we just train the world's bacterial populations to be immune to practically anything we can throw at them?

    You are making a very good point. Currently antibiotic resistance is a serious problem, mostly because we are very slow in discovering new antibiotics. What is very exciting about this research is that it significantly shifts the odds in our favor by allowing very large scale screens for new antibiotics. It will allow us to outpace the rate of resistance development. The probability that a particular infection will be resistant to multiple different antibiotics drops exponentially with the number of antibiotics you have. If you have a tool chest of 5-6 antibiotics sooner or later you will have pathogens that are resistant to a significant proportion of these antibiotics. Make the tool chest 10 times larger, and you will have a lot less to worry about.

  6. Re:Training... by Swarley · · Score: 4, Informative

    As others have suggested this disrupts a part of Gram (+) cell wall synthesis which is difficult for bacteria to alter. Most antibiotics disrupt the protein constituents of the wall. Mutate one gene and the protein changes so it's relatively "easy" for bacteria to develop resistance. This new drug binds lipid constituents of the wall which are produced in a long synthesis pathway rather than a 1 to 1 gene to protein synthesis. Bacteria would need to mutate multiple genes coding multiple parts of the pathway simultaneously and in a complementary way to alter the structure of the target lipid without completely disrupting the pathway. So it's a much "harder" (meaning less likely to happen frequently) mutation to achieve.

  7. Re:Will it treat the "Allahu akbar!" infection? by hey! · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Pathetic loser attempts to use events of a thousand fucking years ago to justify and excuse Islam-inspired mass murder just a few hours ago.

    Dude, you have a Thalidomide brain.

    Well then, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Norway_attacks.

    5% of the general population are sociopaths; 1% are psychopaths. So in any sufficiently large group you you will find plenty of individuals acting in deplorable ways -- even horrifically deplorable. Christians, Muslims, rural Southerners, lesbian golfers, people who like avocados -- any group is bound to have it's share of monsters.

    --
    Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
  8. A new compund? by Dragonslicer · · Score: 2

    Researchers in Boston found a substance that can destroy living things without any possible defense. The rest of us call it the Charles River.