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Methane-Based Life Possible On Titan

Randym writes: With the simultaneous announcement of a possible nitrogen-based, cell-like structure allowing life outside the "liquid water zone" (but within a methane atmosphere) announced by researchers at Cornell (academic paper) and the mystery of fluctuating methane levels on Mars raising the possibility of methane-respiring life, there now exists the possibility of a whole new branch of the tree of life that does not rely on either carbon or oxygen for respiration. We may find evidence of such life here on Earth down in the mantle where "traditional" life cannot survive, but where bacteria has evolved to live off hydrocarbons like methane and benzene.

69 comments

  1. membrane by itzly · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Making a shell is nice, but that's hardly the most fundamental aspect of life.

    1. Re:membrane by ColdWetDog · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Sure it is. That's how you concentrate things. Probably wasn't the first thing life did - replication has to happen first, but it was an early (and energetically favorable) change.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    2. Re:membrane by circletimessquare · · Score: 2

      making a micelle was the very first step in creating life

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P...

      the next step was the chemicals concentrated in the micelle being able to control it

      --
      intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
    3. Re:membrane by itzly · · Score: 2

      Making a bag is much simpler than making a self-replicator. I don't know about you, but when I try to figure out if something is possible, I start with the hardest part.

    4. Re:membrane by itzly · · Score: 1

      making a micelle was the very first step in creating life

      What was making the micelle ?

    5. Re:membrane by circletimessquare · · Score: 2

      go pour a little soap/oil in some water and shake it

      congratulations, you've "made" micelles

      micelles are self organizing. you don't "make" sea foam, it's a simple product of natural wind and wave with sufficient chained carbon compounds

      micelles occurred naturally in the early earth out of non organic processes that produced simple hydrocarbons

      then the rudmientary self-replicating processes also occuring naturally in that time period, and sputtering out, uncontained, joined up with micelles and sustained. because now they have a safe container to continue in

      thus the first cell, from which all the rest has sprung

      --
      intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
    6. Re:membrane by itzly · · Score: 0

      then the rudmientary self-replicating processes also occuring naturally in that time period

      Sounds like you have two very firsts steps then, the formation of a self-replicator, and the formation of these micelles, in arbitrary order. And it seems to me that the earliest replicators would benefit more from free interaction with the medium they're in, rather than being locked up in a sealed bubble.

    7. Re:membrane by circletimessquare · · Score: 1

      when you're working, can you do it in the middle of a concert hall? the middle of an interstate highway? in between a screaming fighting couple?

      or do you benefit from having a private room/ cubicle?

      same principle

      the wide world is full of nasty chemical interactions and potent free radicals ready to destroy anything they touch. rooms help immensely

      not only do they protect, they isolate. a self-replicating process can sputter out if not restricted to it's own products

      --
      intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
    8. Re:membrane by itzly · · Score: 1

      when you're working, can you do it in the middle of a concert hall? ... or do you benefit from having a private room/ cubicle?

      Depends on whether I'm a concert musician or a programmer, I guess.

      a self-replicating process can sputter out if not restricted to it's own products

      I also sputters out if it can't get rid of waste products, or does not get enough energy/building materials. These require a properly controlled transport mechanism through the cell wall.

      If you just start with naked replicators, they can evolve to use a cell wall, and they can evolve to develop a transport mechanism. It limits the amount of things that need to spontaneously form, so it makes it more likely to happen.

    9. Re:membrane by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      To each his own. When I try and figure out whether something is impossible I start out with the easiest part. Things like FTL and violating conservation of momentum are dead giveaways. Once you get into the area of making shit up, the universe of government grants is revealed. Of course revelation is where the real money is and those rules are not so simple. Now I'm not accusing you of making shit up, rather, I am trying to find the moral imperative that spurs this particular revelation. Most are just rehashes of existing junk science.

    10. Re:membrane by JumperCable · · Score: 1

      And it seems to me that the earliest replicators would benefit more from free interaction with the medium they're in, rather than being locked up in a sealed bubble.

      What if the early replicators or proto-replicators benefited from the differences between the outside of the bubble, and the inside of the bubble?

    11. Re:membrane by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Maybe we should try to figure out how to create the fundamental aspects of life first then we can start to theorize about where life may exist.

    12. Re:membrane by lucien86 · · Score: 1

      Way back in 1990, I worked for about six months informally on the theoretical design of assemblers based loosely on Eric Drexlers design plans.
      For them the 'bag' or shell definitely looked like one of the hardest parts. The design required that the 'bag' be a rigid crystalline shell, and that it had to be structurally strong enough to support the internal mechanisms. It also had to survive temperatures from around liquid nitrogen or cooler - the assemblers functional working temperature, - all the way up to room temperature. The assembler needed a ~100% clean environmental space inside it, and a protective envelope that could expand and open and then reseal without contamination -to allow for self-replication or releasing of parts. To do anything useful the assembler also needed external manipulators and sensors which required links through the shell. The machine also had to be able to move itself and to take in raw materials and process them to working state feedstock's. Then there was the nightmare issue of power.
      - Even as a primitive sketch design it all looked insanely complex and difficult to do.... not surprising they still don't exist today.

      --
      Below the speed of light Special Relativity is one of the most accurate theories in physics - above the speed of light..
    13. Re:membrane by TheTurtlesMoves · · Score: 1

      Interesting. And what about heat generated from the Eric Derexlers machines? That always seems to be ignored or estimated at very low levels. My BOTE was some portion of inter atomic bonds, ie ~1eV or so, and that results in quite a bit of heat.

      --
      The Grey Goo disaster happened 3 billion years ago. This rock is covered in self replicating machines!
    14. Re:membrane by lucien86 · · Score: 1

      I never really got to the level of detail of looking at heat dissipation in assemblers themselves.

      I did look at heat dissipation in a computer that was assembler constructed. The machines design was for a flat grid of roughly 1 million CPUs connected in a 4D hypercube array, designed as a flat plate of 10 mm x 10mm x 0.2 mm - mounted in a much larger support structure. At its peak power it would consume an estimate of about 40KW of power and put out 40 KW of heat. My sketch solution to cooling was to have a liquid cooling system pumping fluid through thousands of parallel channels through the 'die'. A bigger problem than cooling was getting the power in - my solution to that was thousands of rigid vibrating diamond springs again running in parallel through the die..

      - The original design was a cube with 1 billion CPU's but I rejected that as soon as I began to look the heat dissipation.. It might make a very good high explosive though.. - In fact heat was a general problem with all these machines including the assemblers themselves, they would have to constantly stop to allow heat to dissipate.. Powering them was an even bigger problem though, especially with the assemblers - both getting energy into the machines and storing it. My very crude solution for storage at the time was a clockwork system powered by a spring ... but to be honest that came more out of ignorance than knowledge..

      The really humorous thing at the time was people talking about 'grey goo', all you had to do to stop any diamond composite based assembler dead was turn off the power..

      --
      Below the speed of light Special Relativity is one of the most accurate theories in physics - above the speed of light..
  2. First things first by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We haven't even defined what life is exactly. What you see as life I may see as self-propagating chemical reactions.

    1. Re:First things first by Immerman · · Score: 1

      What's the difference?

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    2. Re:First things first by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      It's life, Jim, but not as we know it.

    3. Re:First things first by binarylarry · · Score: 1

      I wonder how religious groups would rationalize something like this?

      --
      Mod me down, my New Earth Global Warmingist friends!
    4. Re:First things first by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Is fire alive?

    5. Re:First things first by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Well, it eats, excretes, and reproduces, all that's missing is some form of self-organization.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    6. Re:First things first by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      It's worse than that. He's dead, Jim!

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    7. Re:First things first by lucien86 · · Score: 1

      What is life? Maybe active homeostasis? Maybe any system where continuing active homeostasis is required to maintain the system and for continuing on-going functionality. Where the failure of active homeostasis leads to irreversible 'death' where the system cannot be restarted... of course that still doesn't cover hibernation.

      --
      Below the speed of light Special Relativity is one of the most accurate theories in physics - above the speed of light..
  3. Utah by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    They've already established methane based life in Utah, so anything's possible.

  4. based vs inhaling vs exhaling by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The summary is using those interchangeably, but they're very different: humans are carbon-based, oxygen-inhaling, and CO2-exhaling. Given this terminology, where does methane fit with Titan life and Martian life?

    1. Re:based vs inhaling vs exhaling by Immerman · · Score: 5, Informative

      Slashdot summaries are confused, when not outright inaccurate - news at 11. If you actually want to know details, you're pretty much required to RTFA.

      As for your question, humans (/mammals/animals/multicellular organisms) are a recent addition, not typical of Earth-based life.

      Earth life is water-based (well, suspended anyway), with lipid(hydrocarbon)-based cell walls to keep vital chemistry sufficiently concentrated to continue. Eventually blue-green algae evolved their ability to photosynthesize and poisoned the planet with toxic oxygen byproducts, which some of the survivors later managed to harness as a fuel. But that's really an incidental development so far as life itself is concerned. Before that life was all chemovores - likely consuming complex organic molecules from either hydrothermal vents and/or their fellows for both nutrients and energy.

      In this case researchers have found some other hydrocarbons that can form "cell walls" with properties very similar to those in our own cells, except that they operate in a liquid methane suspension instead of water, at temperatures that would render our own cell walls solid. One of those hydrocarbons is acrylonitrile, a compound found in Titan's atmosphere, so the building blocks for cell walls at least are already present there.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  5. Who wants to bet they shit crude oil? by Grog6 · · Score: 1, Funny

    Once this get out, we won't have Any problems with funding for NASA. :)

    --
    Truth isn't Truth - Guliani
    1. Re:Who wants to bet they shit crude oil? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Oil is made by archaea single cellular prokaryote organisms in the earth crust. This is well known. The problem is that it takes a very long time to create an appreciable amount.

    2. Re:Who wants to bet they shit crude oil? by TitusC3v5 · · Score: 1

      Why are they bothering with Titan? Everyone know's there's plenty of of methane to be found in Uranus.

      --
      And the masses cried out, "09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0!"
    3. Re:Who wants to bet they shit crude oil? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why are they bothering with Titan? Everyone know's there's plenty of of methane to be found in Uranus.

      I have submitted a proposal to the IAU to rename that planet, which will put an end to the stupid jokes once and for all.
      If my proposal is approved, the planet will be renamed to Urectum.

    4. Re: Who wants to bet they shit crude oil? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just go all the way and call it Unicron.

    5. Re:Who wants to bet they shit crude oil? by mister_playboy · · Score: 1

      Classic joke, but it obscures the fact that an actual solution to these jokes exists.

      Uranus's Roman name is Caelus and since all the other planets use Roman rather than Greek deity names in English, there is no reason this name could not be adopted for the 7th planet.

      --
      Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law ::: Love is the law, love under will
    6. Re:Who wants to bet they shit crude oil? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      old meme is old

    7. Re:Who wants to bet they shit crude oil? by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      since all the other planets use Roman rather than Greek deity names

      Apart from Pluto.

      [gets popcorn; retires to a safe distance]

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    8. Re:Who wants to bet they shit crude oil? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Fail. Regardless of Pluto's planetary status, the name is Roman.

  6. Oxygen-based life possible on Earth by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Although the third planet from the Sun suffers from crippling gravity and heat, scientists long held that the corrosive atmosphere of oxygen and water vapor is what forbids life as we know it.

    If we didn't melt instantly from the heat or collapse from the gravity, the oxygen would burn us up in a flash! Scientists have been unable to explain how so much uncombined oxygen could exist in the atmosphere of such a hot planet, but new data suggests life *is* possible with a carbon-based shell of special molecules called lipids and proteins.

    etc... etc.. etc...

    1. Re:Oxygen-based life possible on Earth by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 2

      I've seen their VHF transmissions about their god "Hank Hill"! If those fiery demons ever come to our Titan, they would drill wells for water, contaminating other methane and ethane we breathe.

    2. Re:Oxygen-based life possible on Earth by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's easy if you start out underwater first.

    3. Re:Oxygen-based life possible on Earth by dotancohen · · Score: 2

      Although the third planet from the Sun suffers from crippling gravity and heat, scientists long held that the corrosive atmosphere of oxygen and water vapor is what forbids life as we know it.

      Discussed on Stack Exchange:
      http://worldbuilding.stackexch...

      --
      It is dangerous to be right when the government is wrong.
    4. Re:Oxygen-based life possible on Earth by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 1

      What I don't get is how OP says life can get along without either carbon or oxygen, then mentions it living off of "hydrocarbons".

      Uh... clue, OP: methane and benzene are organic molecules based on carbon.

  7. Doesn't rely on carbon or oxygen? by ShadowRangerRIT · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Methane is CH4. The C is for carbon. Come on people!

    --
    $_ = "wftedskaebjgdpjgidbsmnjgcdwatb"; tr/a-z/oh, turtleneck Phrase Jar!/; print
    1. Re:Doesn't rely on carbon or oxygen? by meglon · · Score: 2

      That kind of stumped me too; if it's replacing O2 with methane for respiration, that line really makes no sense. I put it down as the summary writer mistaken a phrase in the article as saying the cells were nitrogen bases, as opposed to carbon based... which isn't actually what the article says.

      That said, the idea of using a different base for respiration doesn't really require much imagination. We use oxygen because that's the environment we evolved in; any life evolving in an atmosphere without oxygen will use something else. Even advanced life forms could use non-oxygen molecules for respiration, the only requirement being that whatever their circulatory system used could bind with, and carry, the molecule (making the very limiting assumption that their system would work similar to ours).

      We have on our planet microbes that do not respirate oxygen, and are in fact killed by an oxygen atmosphere. Our advanced oxygen breathers are not even limited to a single carrying element. Sure, the land O2 users have iron based blood, but there is O2 "breathing" sea life that has copper based blood (and no, it's not green.... Roddenberry got that wrong), and others with a copper/vanadium hybrid based blood (which is green, but a bright yellow green).

      Life will use what's available; no oxygen... probably not problem.

      --
      Fascism: An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization. See also: NAZI's
    2. Re:Doesn't rely on carbon or oxygen? by theVarangian · · Score: 2

      Methane is CH4. The C is for carbon. Come on people!

      You left out the last part: "...does not rely on either carbon or oxygen for respiration". I'm no chemist nor am I an expert in exobiology so somebody who is may feel free to educate me if I' wrong here. Having said that, the way I understand it a hypothetical methane based life form on Titan would use complex hydrocarbons as an energy source by reacting them with hydrogen like for example reducing ethane and acetylene to methane and it would consume i.e. respire (inhale) hydrogen for that purpose. So the statement is correct, these Titanian life forms would neither respire (inhale) Oxygen nor a carbon based gas like life forms on earth do, just the hydrogen that is disappearing when it hits the surface of Titan. What you would expect to seen if such life forms existed on Titan. would be an unexplained disappearance of hydrogen (check) and methane being produced (check) with fluctuations in both as populations of these life forms grew and shrank for whatever reasons (seasons, radiation, predators, ...???). Of course there are other ways of explaining such fluctuations which is why we must send a rover to Titan a.s.a.p to do some research.

    3. Re:Doesn't rely on carbon or oxygen? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's awfully difficult to rely on compounds containing carbon and not rely on the carbon being part of those compounds is what's being said. Ethane, methane, butane, any hydrocarbon has carbon in it.

  8. We probably world have seen then already by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    There probably aren't bacteria like that deep in the earth our they would have eaten a lot of our oil and we would have found then in wells already

    1. Re: We probably world have seen then already by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Unless those are the bacteria that excrete hydrocarbons as waste that's making the oil in the first place.

  9. Re:No. It's not. by ColdWetDog · · Score: 2

    Why aren't you feeding the poor instead of posting on Slashdot? Isn't that the most important thing? You could have given some well deserved, undernourished child one of your twinkies. Oh wait, the child lives in some stinking desert without a functioning water well in five miles.

    Or maybe we could use some of the earth sensing satellites (created by those self same hair-brains) to map out artesian flows and show people on the ground where an inexpensive well could be dug. Or we could give the kid a vaccine (developed by that same complex and expensive infrastructure created by those hair-brains) to keep him healthy so he can go to school and break out of the cycle of fear, anger and misuse that characterizes his world.

    Or perhaps not - the world is a complex and often ugly place. Quite a bit more complex than your apparent world view, I won't comment on whether or not your view is particularly unattractive but I'm damned sure glad I don't feel that way.

    --
    Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
  10. The question is ... by Hognoxious · · Score: 0

    Is it possible that some of it knows CSS?

    --
    Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  11. Exclusive: pix of Titan ancient civilizations by youn · · Score: 2

    According to a news flash I just made up, NASA sent a probe to titan and not only found definitive proof of life there but they were able to take pictures of ancient civilizations of methane based life on titan... According to a new hypothesis formulated by the lead scientist on the mission, "This must be some very old fart" :p

    --
    Never antropomorphize computers, they do not like that :p
    1. Re:Exclusive: pix of Titan ancient civilizations by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Farts,would a methane base organism would expel water and carbon dioxide while breaking winds?

      (I know, a fart joke never gets old)

  12. Re:No. It's not. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That's "harebrained" you retard.

    http://www.merriam-webster.com...

  13. So by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Do they farts cows there? I'm a staunch republican so I should know these things, I know. Still learning about vaginas, and how what you swallow cannot come out from down there.

  14. This is incredible and explained by... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This is so proof that the hot gases filling the White House these days is defined as life and not just rotting feces.

  15. "News for nerds"... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ... has degraded to polls and articles on how to get more people to code, how to teach them and why everyone should know how to code.

  16. Titan is a most beautiful moon by xororand · · Score: 2

    Titan is gorgeous.

    https://upload.wikimedia.org/w...
    http://www.astrobio.net/wp-con...
    True color: https://upload.wikimedia.org/w...

    It's also the setting of the first chapter in the brilliant hard sci-fi novel Fiasco by Stanislaw Lem.
    I can't wait for new probes to report from there.

  17. Re:Work obviously not done by biologists by Immerman · · Score: 1

    And unicorns *may* suddenly leap out of my bum, but without some form of supporting evidence for that claim I'm not going to take it seriously. All life we know of depends on cell walls to maintain a sufficient density of organic chemistry, and now we know that cell walls functionally much like our own could exist on Titan, using compounds we already know exist in the atmosphere. That's a big boost for the argument that there might be life on Titan.

    As for porous materials - life might well start there, but it's not likely to get very far unless its chemistry is either all bound to a single macro-molecule, or is contained within some sort of semi-permeable envelope. The very porosity which contained the chemistry would also severely restrict the flow of energy and nutrients, so that probably only a very thin layer of pores could support life, and the first bit of life that found a way to leave its prison would have a bounty of resources at its disposal beyond anything its ancestors could have "dreamed" of.

    --
    --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  18. Meth Not even Once by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Since the inhabitants of Titan are now scientifically confirmed as substance abuse users, I wonder if we could use this scientific discovery to further promote our global corporate government surveillance state. We obviously need to further our police presence to combat these meth heads on Titan. Also some of the meth based life forms may be procreating before the government sanctioned age of 18. Therefore we can use this finding to increase our funding to Child Protective services. Some of titans meth heads may come down and start feeding meth to our kids. We need lots more cameras everywhere to monitor for this danger to national security. One thing we don't fucking need is to send spaceships or do any kind of science related to Titan, because science just proved that the entire moon is infested with methamphetamine, and we need to stay away from that stuff. If not for us, then for the children.

    Gee I love science when it is used to promote an agenda.

  19. I'd love this to be true, but... by PapayaSF · · Score: 1

    I'd love this to be true, but it seems unlikely from the point of view of the Gaia hypothesis. Life tends to transform its surroundings, hence the Earth's oxygen atmosphere that we depend on. This is why James Lovelock predicted, back in the '70s, that the Mars probes would not find life there: if Mars had life, we'd be able to see unambiguous evidence of it from here. The fluctuating methane levels on Mars are intriguing, but given the billions of years that Mars (and Titan) have been around, it seems like any life would have had plenty of time to evolve and make an unmistakable impact.

    --
    Q: What does the "B." in Benoit B. Mandelbrot stand for? A: Benoit B. Mandelbrot
  20. Not New at All by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Will be super cool if Titan (and/or Mars) has this happening. Saying it's a new form of life is either ignorant or sensationalism. Check out the obligate anaerobes and the Great Oxygenation Event that happened about 2,300,000,000 years ago.

  21. Re:No. It's not. by iggymanz · · Score: 1

    "We are the only life forms. Get over it"

    You make an assertion without a shred of proof.

    The earth formed life over 3.7 billion years ago, and you are saying no other rocky planet in the universe has had similar conditions at any time in the last 13.8 billion years? That's unreasonable.

  22. Re:No. It's not. by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

    Quit wasting my fucking tax money on your hair-brained ideas.

    Harebrained.

    Brains don't have hairs, but hares have brains....

    --

    "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
  23. Re:No. It's not. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We are the only life forms.

    You don't know that.

    Go feed some poor people.

    Why don't you go ask your church to do that instead of wasting money on gold and jewel encrusted mega-cathedrals? A tent and some lawn chairs should be good enough to sit around doing nothing of value.

    At the same time, why don't you ask your church to start paying taxes like the rest of us?

  24. Re:No. It's not. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Typical defocusing the argument. Not to mention the total inability to detect sarcasm.
                                                                            .

    Pedantic fuck. You still will never find life outside of our planet. Unless WE put it there. Humans are so fucking arrogant, I kinda hope God changes his mind and just kills all of us. I know I wouldn't bother with such useless life forms.
    I laugh at what the church has done to your HAIR BRAINS> ;)
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  25. Does the surf on Titan's methane sea foam? by XNormal · · Score: 1

    If these materials that act as surfactants for liquid methane at cryogenic temperatures occur naturally on Titan the obvious evidence for their presence would be foam. The next probe to follow Huygens should be an autonomous boat to study the shores.

    --
    Stop worrying about the risks of nuclear power and start worrying about the risks of not using nuclear power.
  26. Already exists on earth ... by fygment · · Score: 1

    ... down in the Earth's mantle. Where do you think all our "fossil" fuel deposits came/come from [Deep Hot Biosphere]?

    --
    "Consensus" in science is _always_ a political construct.