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Billionaire Teams Up With NASA To Mine the Moon

schwit1 writes: Moon Express, a Mountain View, California-based company that's aiming to send the first commercial robotic spacecraft to the moon next year, just took another step closer toward that lofty goal. Earlier this year, it became the first company to successfully test a prototype of a lunar lander at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The success of this test—and a series of others that will take place later this year—paves the way for Moon Express to send its lander to the moon in 2016. Moon Express conducted its tests with the support of NASA engineers, who are sharing with the company their deep well of lunar know-how. The NASA lunar initiative—known as Catalyst—is designed to spur new commercial U.S. capabilities to reach the moon and tap into its considerable resources.

29 of 214 comments (clear)

  1. Considerable resources? by Art+Popp · · Score: 5, Funny

    Have you seen how much rock we have down here already?

    1. Re:Considerable resources? by Sperbels · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Do you know how much it costs to get it off Earth's surface?

    2. Re:Considerable resources? by kheldan · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Have you seen how much of a shit-fit environmentalists throw when anyone wants to mine anything on this planet anymore? Nobody should have any qualms about mining anything on the Moon since it has no ecosphere to start with. Of course there's the question of it being economical to do so..

      --
      Are YOU using the TOOL, or is the TOOL using YOU? Think about it!
    3. Re:Considerable resources? by Sperbels · · Score: 2

      None. That's my point. If you want build anything off planet, it is inefficient to bring the materials from earth. Yes, I know the article was billing this project as a way to get valuable metals for use here on Earth....but that strikes me as ridiculous...just something they tell the public to attract investment and positive attitudes. The real money is too far into the future after infrastructure is created.

    4. Re:Considerable resources? by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 3, Informative

      Seems like the only resource worth bringing down from the Moon would be one that just don't hardly exist down here.

      Disregarding He3, the only point of lunar resources is for orbital/space construction. It is easier to reach LEO from the moon than from Earth. Reaction mass requirements for Lunar surface to LEO are much lower than from Earth surface.

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    5. Re:Considerable resources? by Sperbels · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Nobody should have any qualms about mining anything on the Moon

      Apparently you didn't see the shit-fit people were throwing several years ago when we deliberately crashed a probe into the moon to observe the composition of the regolith it kicked up. Dumping trash on the moon they said. Ridiculous, but there are apparently quite a few people on Slashdot who had this opinion.

    6. Re:Considerable resources? by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 4, Interesting

      But the stuff we want to put in Earth orbit is typically very high tech. How do you get from raw ore to microchips, solar panels, and high grade optics, without bringing it down to Earth surface first ?

      Well, no...

      Yes, it's true that microchips aren't really feasible for building on the moon. On the other hand, microchips don't really weigh all that much, compared to, say, the box you put the microchips in. Or the ISS modules. Satellites are mostly aluminium and steel, not microchips.

      If we only had to loft the computers and similar small items from Earth, while larger structures like whole ISS modules were built on the moon, expanding the ISS would be much cheaper.

      Likewise, a Mars-bound spacecraft (manned or unmanned) would be cheaper to build if the structural elements were built from Lunar material (either on the moon or at the ISS) and only the high-tech parts were built on Earth.

      Note that it's even possible to get reaction mass from the moon, if we can either find H2O or are willing to burn aluminium and oxygen (yah, Al2O3 is going to be some seriously abrasive reaction mass when it's pushed out a rocket nozzle, but we're only going to use it the once, right?

      Hell, even if we can't find water, 80%+ of H2/O2 rocket fuel is the O2 part. And there's plenty of that to be had on the moon. Just lifting the H2 to LEO is a potential big savings.

      Note, of course, that none of this is relevant unless we decide to get seriously into space again. If all we're ever going to do is send an occasional probe out, and build commsats/spysats/positioning-sats, the moon is completely irrelevant.

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    7. Re:Considerable resources? by Rei · · Score: 4, Insightful

      And lunar He-3 mining is pretty useless.

      1) He-3 isn't all that useful. It has niche applications on earth in imaging, neutron detection, and so forth, but there's not really anything that would require bulk He-3 except for hypothetical He-3 fusion reactors.

      2) There are no He-3 fusion reactors.

      3) There's not going to be He-3 fusion reactors. It's a solution in search of a problem. We still struggle to get D-T fusion going which is orders of magnitude easier, why would we complicate the problem (and ridiculously raise the cost) just to reduce the short-term radioactivity (emphasis: short term) - radioactivity that we can actually *use* for useful breeding purposes? And if we really wanted to reduce radioactivity, we'd just skip He-3 and go straight to p-B fusion, which actually is effectively aneutronic, versus He3-D which is just low neutronicity..

      4) Only low parts-per-thousand of the moon's helium is He-3. So unless you want to be sending huge quantities of helium back for a tiny bit of He3, you've got to do bloody isotope separation on the moon.

      5) Only parts per million of the lunar regolith is helium. So you have to mine and bake a *lot* to get a very little amount of of helium. Which of that, only a tiny fraction is what you actually want (#4). Meanwhile, due to the cost of getting your consumables there, your labor and parts costs on any moon colony are going to be utterly absurd.

      6) We can already make He-3 here on earth. It's a byproduct of tritium decay - tritium itself being breedable from lithium. Old nuclear weapons are for example often a source of He-3. Do you know what they do with it? For a long time, they were getting rid of it, converting it back to tritium. The market for making glowy paint for watches was more than the market for anything using He-3.

      He-3 mining is an excuse to travel to the moon disguised in an economic wrapper.

      --
      "Are you hungry? I haven't eaten since later this afternoon." -- Primer
    8. Re:Considerable resources? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      There's not much to do in space.

      This is true, if you are using the word "do" as a euphemism for "have sex with". Taken literally, however, the statement is myopic and unimaginative. For example, since there isn't much to "do" in space, I think we ought to start populating the surrounding systems with space hookers.

    9. Re:Considerable resources? by Sperbels · · Score: 4, Informative

      What makes you thinks these other being in the universe aren't just as bad or worse. What makes you think these hypothetical other beings in the Universe are even watching? Hopefully you're not going to cite any alien abduction stories.

    10. Re:Considerable resources? by DanielRavenNest · · Score: 2

      > And lunar He-3 mining is pretty useless.

      There's another reason besides the ones you mention. Parts of the Moon have Thorium concentrations of 15 parts/million. That's about 1000 times higher than the He-3 concentration, and the energy output from fission isn't that much lower than fusion. Not to mention we know how to build Thorium reactors. So for a given amount of mining work, you would get more energy mining Thorium on the Moon. Now, considering that Thorium isn't terribly scarce on Earth, you can figure out that Lunar mining for Earth use isn't very sensible. And if you need power on the Moon, solar works much more easily. Nighttime power can be handled with solar-thermal. Vacuum makes a great insulator. Heat up a bunch of rocks with concentrated sunlight, then use that heat to run a generator at night. You will never run out of rocks on the Moon's surface, nor sunlight for that matter.

  2. Paging Sam Bell... by AuralityKev · · Score: 2

    This may not turn out very well.

  3. It's about Energy by QuantumReality · · Score: 3, Interesting

    On Moon there is gas called helium 3, which 25 tons can provide power for whole USA for a year. On earth there is only about 10 kg of it. Who controls the moon, controls the future.

    1. Re:It's about Energy by poet · · Score: 2

      As a follow up to this, here is an article:

      http://phys.org/news166975298....

      --
      Get your PostgreSQL here: http://www.commandprompt.com/
    2. Re:It's about Energy by itzly · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Concentration of He-3 on the moon is in the low ppb range. That means you'd have to process billions of tons of regolith to obtain the 25 tons of He-3.

    3. Re:It's about Energy by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 5, Insightful

      On Moon there is gas called helium 3

      Helium 3 fusion is far more difficult than DT fusion. We aren't even close to commercial DT fusion. It is at least decades away, and He3 fusion is decades beyond that, if ever. Even if He3 fusion was working, getting it from the moon, where it is less than 50 ppb in the lunar regolith, is not realistic.

      "Helium 3" has got to be the dumbest possible reason to mine the moon.

    4. Re:It's about Energy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      About four billion tonnes a year, equal to the US and China's combined coal production.

      On the moon.

    5. Re:It's about Energy by HiThere · · Score: 2

      I think Jupiter is probably a better source of He3....or will be by the time we get around to having much use for it.

      Of course, if we have fusion reactors we can probably breed it locally cheaper than importing it.
      From Wikipedia:

      Helium-3 is naturally present in small quantities due to radioactive decay, but virtually all helium-3 used in industry is manufactured. Helium-3 is a product of tritium decay, and tritium can be produced through neutron bombardment of deuterium, lithium, boron, or nitrogen targets.

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    6. Re:It's about Energy by dryeo · · Score: 2

      Saturn would be better then Jupiter if we ever wanted to mine a gas giants atmosphere, much less radiation.

      --
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism
  4. Return mined material to Earth? by johnnys · · Score: 4, Insightful

    If you think the Keystone pipeline is Bad, consider a few thousand tons of some mined material from the moon coming into the atmosphere at ~17,000 mph.

    (sarcasm)What could go wrong?(/sarcasm)

    --
    Sometimes the "writing on the wall" is blood spatter...
  5. I'm no Seleneologist but.... by onkelonkel · · Score: 2

    I'm no Seleneologist nor am I a Geologist, but what exactly is up there that we can't get down here in larger quantities for much less money? No sarcasm intended, I'm honestly curious..

    --
    None of them can see the clouds; The polished wings don't care.
    1. Re:I'm no Seleneologist but.... by jeffb+(2.718) · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Metals and oxygen, ready to be chemically separated... already outside of Earth's gravity well, and therefore not incurring the energy costs, environmental issues, and safety concerns of launching them from Earth's sea level. That's kind of a big deal, if you want to start large-scale construction in space.

  6. what happens when..... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2

    the moon loses too much mass from mining and the earth gains that mass from being the recipient of those mined resources?

  7. Re:Who has the rights to the moon's resources? by CaptainLard · · Score: 2

    Is it "first come, first to profit"?

    For the foreseeable future, I'd think not....more like 3rd to merge assets of 4 failed startups might profit.

  8. Re:Seawater? by Bengie · · Score: 2

    A quick google returned stuff like "Moon rocks have 10x more titanium than Earth rocks". The moon having 10% titanium compared to Earths 1% is only one example of high rare mineral concentrations. An no environment issues to worry about.

  9. ReWhy LEO when Geosynchronous is often by Grey+Geezer · · Score: 2

    so much more useful? Or maybe even the lagrange points?

    --
    The USA is only 4X older than me...perspective
  10. Re:Who has the rights to the moon's resources? by jdschulteis · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I thought at one point in time, it was agreed on that no single nation "owned" the moon. Therefore, what happens if someone goes up there for a commercial project and sells material gathered there? Is it "first come, first to profit"?

    The Outer Space Treaty

    Article II: "Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means."

    Article I says, in part, "Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall be free for exploration and use by all States without discrimination of any kind, on a basis of equality and in accordance with international law". I would look to maritime law regarding resources in international waters as a basis for how lunar resources might be handled.

    Article VI says, in part, "States Parties to the Treaty shall bear international responsibility for national activities in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, whether such activities are carried on by governmental agencies or by non-governmental entities, and for assuring that national activities are carried out in conformity with the provisions set forth in the present Treaty. The activities of non-governmental entities in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall require authorization and continuing supervision by the appropriate State Party to the Treaty." Since this is a US company they will need authorization from and supervision by the federal government.

  11. I'm disappointed in my fellow geeks by Rinikusu · · Score: 5, Insightful

    "what's up there? This is stupid!"

    Seriously, turn in your geek cards, every fucking one of you. I don't care what's up there, if someone wants to put a fucking space colony on the moon, FUCKING AWESOME. We're not going to get off this rock until people start doing shit, even if that shit fails and blows a lot of money, because we can learn from those failures and keep trying.

    Seriously, it's like I just stumbled into high school again. "Who needs math, math is stupid! Why do you read science fiction, that's stupid!" Fuck off, some of us have dreams.

    --
    If you were me, you'd be good lookin'. - six string samurai
  12. Re:Seawater? by blackanvil · · Score: 3, Informative

    Actually, no. It works just fine, you can hot-forge it much like iron (really, I've done it, when its glowing it moves under a hammer much like iron does), machining it requires tungsten carbide tooling but most people use that anyway, and you don't have to worry about heat-treatment, the stuff will be just as hard as mild steel (RC52ish) no matter what you do to it. The real cost is creation: converting titianium dioxide to metallic titanium on a commercial basis is complex, takes a lot of energy, and results in a material that doesn't melt until it gets over 3000F, but must be alloyed (melted and mixed with other elements) to be usable. The cost of the raw material is almost irrelevant -- TiO2 is used in virtually every modern paint (to the extent that it's a standard test for forgery detection on art, unless you're compounding your own paint from linseed oil and powdered minerals, it's probably got titanium dioxide in it).