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Recruiters Use 'Digital Native' As Code For 'No Old Folks'

bizwriter writes: Companies are trying to get around Equal Employment Opportunity Commission restrictions on age-discriminatory language (like "recent college graduate") by saying that they want "digital natives." So far, no one has complained to the EEOC, but that could change. "Since the 1990s dotcom boom, many employers have openly sought to hire young, tech savvy talent, believing that was necessary to succeed in the new digital economy. At the same time, age discrimination complaints have spiraled upward, according to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, with 15,785 claims filed in 1997 compared to 20,588 filed in 2014.

Out of the 121 charges filed last year by the EEOC for alleged discriminatory advertising, 111 of them claimed the job postings discriminated against older applicants. The EEOC has said that using phrases like 'college student,' 'recent college graduate,' or 'young blood' violate the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1966. That federal law protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older from employment discrimination based on age."

41 of 553 comments (clear)

  1. The 30 and 40-somethings wrote the code... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    What I find ironic is that the people who wrote the basic items that are taken for granted, be it the Linux kernel, apache, the HTTP protocol, the IP protocol, Mosaic and its derivatives... are all people likely over 40+.

    Demanding someone be a "digital native" means you will get someone who knows how to flip through cat pictures, re-list their stuff on WoW's Armory, talk about how bad their work environment is on Yik Yak while trying to hand out their kik ID for a score. You won't get someone who actually knows the foundation that those apps are built on.

    1. Re:The 30 and 40-somethings wrote the code... by Austerity+Empowers · · Score: 5, Interesting

      I was born in the 70s and consider myself a "digital native". All computers I have used have been binary based, for example. All in fact based on transistors. I showed my son a picture of me at his age sitting in front of a TRS-80 and my much beloved Commodore 64 and you know what he said? He said "Wow Dad, you had computers!". Indeed, not only did I have them, but he recognized them as such.

      I guess my point is that I'm not sure the term "digital native" has any actual meaning, or at least such meaning will have to be proven in court. Was I turned down because I wasn't "digital native" enough? Or was I turned down because I was too old?

    2. Re:The 30 and 40-somethings wrote the code... by TWX · · Score: 5, Insightful

      What I find funny about "Digital Native" only applying to young people is that there was at least one generation of computing professionals that had to make it work without any of this handholding technology that we have today. I remember my father having to get out the suitcase of a portable computer that work had assigned him, set it up on the dining room table, and dial-in to the mainframe to fix broken batch jobs on weekends occasionally. Since there was no access to the Internet and no vast array of resources on-hand, he had to actually know how to fix the problem without looking at forums or howtos or any other guides.

      "Digital Native" is great if you want someone that can do the job when at least some functionality remains, but if things are really broken and one can't reach the Internet, I don't see the Googlers of the world being able to prop the technology back up when it fails.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    3. Re:The 30 and 40-somethings wrote the code... by Snotnose · · Score: 5, Interesting

      "Digital Native" means you're obsessed with Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Opentable, selfies, etc.

      I was born in the 50's, bought a TRS-80 in '78 or so and have been programming ever since. Mostly device drivers, BSPs, etc.

      I know more about computers than most digital natives, yet it's hard for me to get a job because I'm old, don't use FB, don't twit, don't insta, don't have a phone full of selfies, etc.

    4. Re:The 30 and 40-somethings wrote the code... by Austerity+Empowers · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I know more about computers than most digital natives, yet it's hard for me to get a job because I'm old, don't use FB, don't twit, don't insta, don't have a phone full of selfies, etc.

      I understand your background, but honestly don't think you are qualified based solely on that. Application programming is a whole other world, with different tools, different practices and different objectives. I do not think I'd be qualified to apply to such a job right this instant.

      I certainly could learn, easily. I know how their stuff works, I was there before it all came around. But before I applied to the position I'd have to learn it all, and walk in ready to talk about it, and find a way to get some of the relevant technology on my resume. I don't think these guys will necessarily know what a BSP is, I wonder if they have considered hardware that is not a PC or mobile phone? I suspect they have not ever brought an OS up on custom hardware, nor do they plan it it. I think I'd read your resume and think you're well qualified to work at a hardware company, but I'm not sure I'd want you in a google or a facebook.

      Now it's an entry level job, no experience necessary, but you come in proving you what an AJAX is, and you can JQuery if you must but would rather (whatever the latest hotness is). You understand how to use Facebook and what API exists, and know what Twitter is useful for. You know their acronyms and their tools, If they turned you down then I'd cry discrimination, a true college fresh out with no industry experience really would be less qualified than you in that event, especially if you'll work for his wages.

    5. Re:The 30 and 40-somethings wrote the code... by TWX · · Score: 5, Interesting

      I remember when I installed my first 3.5" floppy diskette drive in my 8088. It wouldn't read 1.44MB disks. It would try, it would start to format, but it would fail partially through a format or partially through an attempt to read an existing filesystem. I had to figure out why that was the case, and if I'm remembering right it took a trip to the library to read about the addressing limits of the 8088 processor. For an eleven year old, the best solution was to tape over the corner of the disk and reformat it to 720K. Not an ideal solution, but back then it was still common to get new software capable of running on an 8088 on 720K disks, so I didn't lose out as much as one might initially assume.

      I'm not expecting this exact piece of knowledge to be known by everyone, but given that the OS (DOS at the time) was really of no help to actually figuring out what the problem was, understanding how the technology works top-to-bottom is essential in being versatile in all situations. This particular problem was so abstract that not only was no dialogue box to use to figure it out, but there were no logs and only a few vague error messages. Even categorizing the nature of the error required learning how the processor worked, much lower level than most people are willing to go.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    6. Re:The 30 and 40-somethings wrote the code... by sjames · · Score: 4, Funny

      Surely, I must qualify as digital native in spite of being born in '66. I learned Fortran V ('77 wasn't out yet) on the school system's mainframe over a 300 baud modem. When I finally got a computer and modem of my own, I had to write a simple terminal program with Xmodem so I could download a real terminal program from a BBS.

      My wife informs me that she is 1/Commodore 64th digital on her father's side.

  2. Re:Sort of dumb. by meerling · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Unless of course you live in an area where there are more people that are skilled, talented, and have experience than there are available positions. Your false assumption is based on the idea that there are more jobs than skilled people to fill them. It may be true in some areas, but not all.

  3. Nothign new here by koan · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Comcast online application has the question "Are you older than 49 or younger".
    When I went back to school to finish up, I applied for several low level IT jobs and was asked "aren't you a little old for this job?".
    Watch the look on the temp service persons face when they meet you the first time,ageism is fairly rampant I would say.

    --
    "If any question why we died, Tell them because our fathers lied."
    1. Re:Nothign new here by Dragonslicer · · Score: 5, Funny

      Unless you happen to be 49 years old...

      At which point you wait for a second, then answer "older". Besides, don't you have anything better to do on your birthday?

    2. Re:Nothign new here by OakDragon · · Score: 4, Funny

      "Are you older than 49 or younger".

      There really is no wrong answer here...

      It's blatant discrimination against those who are exactly 49.

  4. You mean "app appers"! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    "Digital native" is old and only luddites use that term. The new term is app appers, because app appers love apping apps!

    Apps!

  5. Tech Savvy by Archangel+Michael · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Fad Savvy more likely. Most of the "Tech Savvy" people I know are Google experts, meaning they know how to Google for an answer, and they think that makes them an expert. Take away their computer, and they can't have a Tech conversation with anyone.

    They have no idea what it takes to get them their "Google". They aren't tech savvy, they are digital savvy illiterates.

    --
    Agent K: A *person* is smart. People are dumb, stupid, panicky animals, and you know it.
    1. Re:Tech Savvy by war4peace · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Disclaimer: I'm nearing 40.
      I don't think you're right. Using Google taught me a lot of things I otherwise wouldn't have known. Gone are the days when you could master an IT area without looking up documentation on a daily basis. Before, you had brick-width books which weighted up to 10+ pounds. Now, you have Google AND some books. There is no "better" between the two. I use both.

      Self-taught is self-taught, be it through books or online lookup. Memory could only take you so far, and many strains of formal education throughout the world are still following the classic way (learn it by heart or else!) which, let's be honest, is becoming obsolete. But I digress.

      Companies are looking to hire young people because:
      - they take most shit and are happy eating it. I was there, I've done that.
      - they likely don't have a family (so they're more likely to use their free time working)
      - they're eager to please (I call it "dog loyalty"). It's not an offensive term, it's just younger people are yet to be screwed over and so they're fully loyal even to a vicious master.
      - they're cheaper because employers play on their "lack of experience".
      And many other reasons which I'm too lazy to enumerate, most of them being unrelated to technical skills.

      --
      ...gis sdrawkcab (usually not responding to ACs; don't bother posting as AC)
  6. We old ones have a word for digital natives. by mmell · · Score: 5, Funny

    We call then n00bs. :^)

    1. Re:We old ones have a word for digital natives. by serviscope_minor · · Score: 5, Informative

      We also have a word for those who use the phase "digital native" without irony: wankers.

      --
      SJW n. One who posts facts.
  7. EEO bullshit by rodrigoandrade · · Score: 4, Insightful

    This is one of the biggest bullshit laws I've ever seen.

    Let's say I don't want to hire you because you're old. EEO laws simply mean that I can't say it in your face that you're old. Instead, i send you the standard HR rejection e-mail and we're all good.

    Sight, I hate seeing my tax $$ going to waste drafting these stupid laws.

  8. I cut my teeth on the ARPANET. by hey! · · Score: 4, Insightful

    How much more "native" could I be?

    --
    Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    1. Re:I cut my teeth on the ARPANET. by hey! · · Score: 4, Funny

      The bell bottoms and sideburns are a dead giveaway.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
  9. Pay, not talent by StikyPad · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Companies want recent college grads because they know they're willing to work for less, not because they believe them to be more talented. Do you want to pay a landscaper $100 to mow your lawn, or the kid across the street $20? Same concept. If it's important, you'll pay the experienced professional, but a lot of development work is doable by amateurs. It might not look as good, but it's good enough.

    1. Re:Pay, not talent by Dragonslicer · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Companies want recent college grads because they know they're willing to work for less, not because they believe them to be more talented.

      I think it's more than just accepting lower salary, but also accepting more abuse. A 23-year-old is less likely to have other major commitments (in particular, a family). It's a lot more difficult to force someone to work 60+ hours per week when they have to be home to help take care of the kids.

    2. Re:Pay, not talent by Lumpy · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Right here is the solid fact.

      it's not about skill, It's about how cheap can we get the whores for, and how hard can we abuse them.

      20 somethings tend to be too stupid to stand up for themselves and accept a 60 hour workweek as normal. They also buy the bullshit of "what doesn't kill you makes you stronger" and keep accepting more and more workload.

      --
      Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
  10. Re:Sort of dumb. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    People over 40 can be good with technology too. Most of the younger people never learned how a CPU works, how to work with limited RAM, etc. Stop giving cutting-edge technology to your people in IT because most of the rest of the company (or the world, if you work with the Web) never has cutting-edge hardware either. Your bloated code may run "fine" on your maxed-out 2015 workstation but it's painfully slow to use on the mid-to-low-range, five-years-old hardware that other people use.

    Web example: if you have people who can't even correctly choose between PNG and JPEG for the graphic format of an image (logo/chart vs photo), they're not using technology correctly, no matter what their age is. If you work in IT, age shouldn't have anything to do with it. The only difference is that most veterans won't be jumping to the flavour-of-the-week languages and just keep using what works best for the job.

  11. I'm an old guy... by Needs2BeSaid · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It's hard finding programming jobs with so many younger developers willing to work 70+ hours per week at 2/3 the salary I'm used to making.

    That being said, let companies hire who they want. I don't really understand the forced-melting-pot concept of hiring. If a company wants young people, who am I to force them to take me?

    --
    Some things need to be said...
  12. Pull the other one by paiute · · Score: 4, Insightful

    "That federal law protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older from employment discrimination based on age."

    HR drones everywhere are rolling on the carpet laughing. Ever tried to get HR to pass your resume along if they spot any clue that you are 50+?

    --
    If Slashdot were chemistry it would look like this:Cadaverine
  13. "culturally incompatible" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I've been called "culturally incompatible", which I know means "too old."

    Yes, posting as AC, because my lawyers told me to.

    It's been said before, the over-30s with a family don't care about the in-office perks, they just want to go home and spend time with their kids.

    These companies are missing the flip side of the coin, that the over-50s are highly motivated (saving for retirement!,) often highly skilled, and generally have done that before, several times. Though they do command the big salaries.

  14. The hypocrisy... by Etherwalk · · Score: 4, Insightful

    "That federal law protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older from employment discrimination based on age."

    I don't think I ever realized how ironic that was before now. A threshold requirement for an age discrimination claim is that you not be certain ages...

  15. Re:Sort of dumb. by dcw3 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Riiiiight. Because of us old folks didn't do digital before you were a glean in your daddy's eye. You think you know digital? We gave it life.

    --
    Just another day in Paradise
  16. Re:Who invented the digital world, anyway? by gatkinso · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Older folks make better money, tend to laugh when their 35 year old boss tries to intimidate them, and are wise to corporate dirty tricks that zip right over a youngsters head without so much as ruffling that thick hair.

    --
    I am very small, utmostly microscopic.
  17. Can't wait to see what the next 40 years brings by ErichTheRed · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I am just about to hit that milestone 40th birthday this year. If things are as bad as they seem, I'm probably in for a rough couple of decades.

    One thing that does bother me is that "digital natives" are no more or less capable of doing a good job in a technology job than older people. The skills are the same -- creative problem solving, troubleshooting, logical thinking and awesome communications skills. Older people do have different qualities in my opinion:
    - We've been around the block and seen technology fads appear, disappear and come back later on with better underpinnings. We've also seen how stuff like virtualization and application containers aren't actually new concepts...just way better now than they were.
    - Many/most of us have obligations outside of work and greater responsibilities. A 40 year old with two little kids [raises hand] has a little less flexibility than a recent grad who will move anywhere in the country in a week, doesn't mind sharing a 2-bedroom apartment with roommates and will willingly work 14-hour days for no extra pay.
    - Many/most of us have also figured out the game of working for a company, and prefer a healthier work/life balance to throwing all your energy into projects that can sometimes get trashed for no reason.
    - One advantage we do have is growing up with computers in a much more primitive state, where more about the actual machine was exposed to you. "Digital natives" grow up with packaged platforms and a lot of the underpinnings are permanently abstracted away unless you are sufficiently motivated to dig further.

    For these reasons, among others, companies prefer younger workers because they're easier to control. I'm not saying that all of us oldsters are perfect -- I've worked with a lot of burnt out folks who do the bare minimum to keep their job. But, in my opinion it's not fair to paint everyone with the same brush. I won't kill myself for deadlines the way a 22-year-old working for EA might, but I have cranked out consistent good work over my career, and really want to continue doing so until I don't feel I can contribute anymore.

  18. My Grandpa would count (he's been dead since 2002) by Qbertino · · Score: 4, Insightful

    My Grandpa would count. He's been dead since 2002 and he was in his 90ies. Given, he worked with Grumman Aircraft on the Lunar Lander back in the 60ies as an electronics engineer (hearing the proud grandson? ;-) ). Basically high-end avantgrade technology back then, but he was a digital native none-the-less.

    So is just about any computer kid of the eighties approaching 50 years of age today. We grew along in lock-step with the hardware, its capabilites and our capabilites to understand it. I'd argue that nobody will be more digitally native than our generation of nerds.

    I'd also argue that I am way more a digital native than my daughter, since I not only can operate a computer or smartphone, but actually know how it works.

    In short, I can't see how this is supposed to be an age-filter. Perhaps a fiter for non-tech-savy, ok. The age-filters I've come across are more like "willing to travel" (go forth and act as a fall-guy for that remote project heading towards a solid brick wall), "resilient" (german: "belastbar") ... meaning "young and stupid enough to work extra hours under shitty gouvernance for no extra pay and a fake career outlook" ... and similar telling lines in the confidentials.

    On top of that, how hilarious is an HR person asking for "digital natives"? We all know the bizar truth behind this.
    Most of those people couldn't distinguish Google from the Web in general if their life depended on it. It's idiots like these who know less than nothing and actually think they can judge tech and its requirements. Admitted, quite a few if not most of those actually *are* above 40, but they shouldn't get to call out for digital natives. They'd mistake a resus monkey for one.

    --
    We suffer more in our imagination than in reality. - Seneca
  19. Experience should cause differentiation by luis_a_espinal · · Score: 4, Insightful

    "That federal law protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older from employment discrimination based on age." HR drones everywhere are rolling on the carpet laughing. Ever tried to get HR to pass your resume along if they spot any clue that you are 50+?

    As we get older, That we should accrue several skills that are hard to commoditize (sp?), such as:

    1. veritable expertise in a domain (several domains preferably to act as fall-back plan A, plan B, plan C, etc.),
    2. a reliable professional network,
    3. a portfolio of work (something, anything),
    4. increased business acumen,
    5. leadership skills,
    6. cross-domain troubleshooting abilities (software/hardware/network troubleshooting),
    7. and an ability to do lateral moves, however painful they might be, to put food on the table without significantly sacrificing our current lifestyles.

    All of that crap translates to the following: By the time we hit 40's we shouldn't not be directly competing for the same type of jobs with right-out-of-school kids. Or in more general terms, we should allow ourselves to fall into a situation of having to compete with people 15-20 years our junior.

    If we are, then we didn't pay attention to our career development. I saw this in earnest because I spent (wasted) a good chunk of my mid-career years being happy as a "code warrior", disdainfully avoiding any opportunities to take greater responsibilities or broadening my professional and technical horizons. I wasn't being lazy as I would happily clock 60/70 hours "just coding". I was just being ignorant (and ignorance is bliss, right?)

    It wasn't until I had people depending on me that I realize how stupid and dangerous that is. We do not get any younger, and we must have something to show from all those years of experience (show something other than coding abilities.)

    I oppose age discrimination on principle (and any kind of discrimination unrelated to reasonable work requirements - working more for less is not a reasonable working requirement.)

    But I see too many people resting on their laurels expecting to retire doing the same shit they have been doing for the last 20-30 years. That *dream* started to get shattered when the Japanese started beating the crap of American manufacturing 30-40 years ago.

    Some people really hadn't gotten the memo yet.

  20. Re:Sort of dumb. by lgw · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Plus, of course, it's still not that rare for people elsewhere in "IT" to switch over to software development at some point. They may actually be willing to take a salary cut and work for entry-level pay if that's what it takes to make the switch.

    There are many reasons why pay alone doesn't "keep the old guys away", and some companies really do only want young workers. They tend to be very exploitative companies, however, banking on someone in their first job not recognizing how badly they're being used. Age discrimination may well be low on the list of sins for some of these companies.
     

    --
    Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
  21. digital native by lophophore · · Score: 4, Funny

    I'm a digital native.

    I learned to program on a DEC-20, PDP-8, PDP-11, and later worked on VAX-11 and Alpha, for Digital. How much more Digital (tm) do you want?

    --
    there are 3 kinds of people:
    * those who can count
    * those who can't
  22. I would point out the obvious by gatkinso · · Score: 4, Insightful

    that natives were there first. But this seems lost on young recruiters.

    --
    I am very small, utmostly microscopic.
  23. We need to learn hipster BS [Re:Tech Savvy] by Tablizer · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Their bullshit may be more modern. Perhaps us ol' fogies should attend "Bullshit like a young buck" courses.

    When you are interviewing with a PHB, talking the talk matters. Let's face it, the work world is largely a bullshitting game, for good or bad. It would be nice if it were about logic and planning, but humans got into the mix and mucked up that ideal.

    I remember during one interview the PHB asked me if I liked to download stuff to my PC to experiment with new gizmos. I replied that I did, but that I prefer to have one "production" PC to get regular work done and a separate "experimental" PC that can be rebaselined if the experiments mess it up and/or to not cross-mix experiments. (Active-X was the "big thing" at the time, which should be enough to explain my caution.)

    Anybody with experience will agree this is the rational way to do it. However, this was a start-up and they had no money for double PC's. (Maybe I should have offered to buy my own spare.) My "kind" wasn't welcome. The details of reality bothered them: they wanted to be sold cheap pie in the sky. That is, naive pioneers who don't know about the arrows yet.

    That's not me. I value my experience and all the caveats I've learned over the years. I don't intend to sound grumpy or a like parade-rainer, but rather I'm just giving potential risks and estimated probabilities in a direct factual way. If you want to plow thru the asteroid field without being told the odds, then hang out with Jedi's fresh off the dust-farm and contraband runners. And off my swamp, get!

  24. Re:Sort of dumb. by Jaime2 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Not only that... I'm 43 and I consider myself a "Digital Native". At the beginning of my IT career - 1996, I was using workstation virtualization products like Virtual PC and building Intranet applications. Things have changed since then, but I was part of it all and I know it at least as well as any kid whose claim to "Digital Native" is that he used Tumblr and YouTube in high school.

  25. Re:Sort of dumb. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    Who do you think creates and enhances that VM technology? Who configures the servers, comes up with the load balancing strategies, and keeps our security tight? I can assure you it is the middle aged smart guys at my company... The kids we hire right out of college are almost worthless the first 3 years. Good thing we are willing to mentor you young snots!

  26. Re:Sort of dumb. by Mordok-DestroyerOfWo · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I did some consulting at a start-up a few years back and had an off-the-record talk with their recruiter. She said that they preferred to hire younger folks because 50 somethings typically have a much harder time working under a 25 year-old supervisor.

    --
    "Never let your sense of morals prevent you from doing what is right" - Salvor Hardin
  27. Re:Sort of dumb. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    She said that they preferred to hire younger folks because 50 somethings typically have a much harder time working under a 25 year-old supervisor.

    Of course, the reason is quite possibly because the 25 year old supervisor is inexperienced and doesn't take kindly to that being pointed out.

    Posting anon because I'm about to talk about a former client I did some consulting for. It's a Valley startup. All a bunch of young guys, mostly with one job behind them. One guy did actually have a family, though. Anyway, at one point we were discussing interviewing and hiring. They didn't seem to think there was anything unusual about asking an interview candidate to spend an entire day doing pair programming with them on their own codebase. I pointed out that this would be fine for college students who could bunk off lectures and spend all day watching the interviewer tap out Go, but more experienced/older guys would probably find this a bit problematic, especially if they already have a job. Google can get away with 8 interviews and all day assessments and still hire very senior people because it has the reputation as a great place to work and with great pay, so people put up with the long process. Not every company can do this.

    Their response: "well, maybe we don't want to hire senior guys".

    I don't think they'd consider themselves explicitly agist. But they very much wanted to hire people just like themselves, and that almost by definition excluded "old" people (anyone 40 or over). This didn't extend to sexism by the way: they were very keen on hiring female interns and recent college grads to write code for them. But they didn't want some guy in his 40's or 50's turning up and pointing out that maybe some of the modern dev fashions they were following had already come and gone in the 1990's, and perhaps using uncool but tried and tested technology would have some real benefits.

  28. Health Insurance by Gr8Apes · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The real issue behind the "young movement" and a way to stop it cold is to deal with health insurance. Disallow health insurance to use age as a pricing factor, and watch how quickly the job market changes. I had a buddy that just went to an interview, and was flat out told that they have too many "old" people in the company and require some 20-somethings. Their insurance rates were too high.

    In fact, I'd go so far as to state that basic health insurance (wellness visits, accident coverage, and basic illness diagnosis) should be 1 price for everyone, with no disqualifications allowed, with some base high deductible capped coverage for general illnesses. This would be relatively cheap as it stands today. Then additional coverage for whatever as we have today could be purchased on top.

    --
    The cesspool just got a check and balance.