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Researchers Power a Security Camera With Wi-Fi Signals

Kristine Lofgren writes: Nikola Tesla dreamed of a world full of free, wireless power. While he never accomplished that dream during his lifetime, researchers at the University of Washington are doing their part to make it a reality with a breakthrough in wi-fi powered electronics. Dubbed PoWi-Fi, the team led by Vamsi Talla were able to recharge and maintain consistent low-level power over a number of different devices at distances of up to 28 feet.

59 comments

  1. Mo bettah! by msauve · · Score: 0, Troll

    I'll bet they could do even better if they jimmied the safety switch on the door of their microwave!

    --
    "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
    1. Re:Mo bettah! by kwbauer · · Score: 1

      Yeah, because all those things that need automating in a home are never connected to a power source and all those things doing the automating cannot possibly draw any power from the lines they are installed to switch on and off.

  2. Gee this AGAIN? by bobbied · · Score: 2, Informative

    Nothing new to see, move on...

    RF back-scatter energy collection has been used since Tesla (not the company, the scientist) invented it nearly 100 years ago.... So now you can park your web camera near a WiFi RF source and get some images out of it? Color me surprised. How quaint...

    --
    "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
    1. Re:Gee this AGAIN? by Rockoon · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I dont understand why they arent powering it with the light entering the aperture. Surely a camera could be powered by some of the light its capturing?

      --
      "His name was James Damore."
    2. Re:Gee this AGAIN? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I dont understand why they arent powering it with the light entering the aperture. Surely a camera could be powered by some of the light its capturing?

      So, how are the CCD pixels supposed to be charged? By magic?

    3. Re:Gee this AGAIN? by Rockoon · · Score: 1

      So, how are the CCD pixels supposed to be charged? By magic?

      maybe your CCD pixels can use power from the CMOS sensors thats capturing the image? .. not sure why you would also put in CCD's sensors tho... seems wasteful.

      --
      "His name was James Damore."
    4. Re:Gee this AGAIN? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why do software people always pretend to know something about engineering?

    5. Re: Gee this AGAIN? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Build one or shut up.

    6. Re:Gee this AGAIN? by mrchaotica · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Cameras actually used to work like that! Of course, they used chemicals instead of electricity and each 'sensor' only worked for one image...

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    7. Re:Gee this AGAIN? by DerekLyons · · Score: 4, Informative

      I dont understand why they arent powering it with the light entering the aperture. Surely a camera could be powered by some of the light its capturing?

      It's still in the early stages of research, but yes you can power a camera from light entering the lens.

    8. Re: Gee this AGAIN? by Crashmarik · · Score: 2

      Build one or shut up.

      Did when I was a kid.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C...

    9. Re:Gee this AGAIN? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well a security camera could be in the dark until a door is opened, at which point you need it already booted, connected to the WiFi network and connected to the recording server to capture whoever walks in. Powering it by light might mean it's powered off until then and the intruder has gone out of sight by the time it boots up (my IP camera takes ~30s to start up).

    10. Re: Gee this AGAIN? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why are engineers so pretentious?

    11. Re: Gee this AGAIN? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Because the general public is stupid.

    12. Re:Gee this AGAIN? by Solandri · · Score: 2

      It's still in the early stages of research, but yes you can power a camera from light entering the lens.

      Do note that that only works when you have an external light source. Most security cameras have infrared LEDs to light up whatever they're supposed to be recording at night, when there isn't enough ambient light to record an image, much less power the camera. On top of that, any security camera recording anything important is going to be wired. If it's wireless, any burglar can defeat it with an RF noise generator interfering with the wireless signal. And if you've got wires transmitting the signal, it's trivial to feed the camera power over the same wire.

      A security camera powered by light is not going to have a very big market.

  3. Biological interaction by Slim_Jack · · Score: 0

    Has anyone studied the biological interactions with _digital_ wifi broadcast, especially in this case?

    1. Re:Biological interaction by msauve · · Score: 1

      WTF do you consider "digital wifi"? It's RF. It's analog, modulated to carry digital information.

      --
      "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
    2. Re:Biological interaction by bobbied · · Score: 2

      Like my digital circuits instructor was fond of saying... "Digital circuits are just Analogue circuits that spend most of their time on or off. The fun begins when they start switching states".

      --
      "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
    3. Re:Biological interaction by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      I mean seriously, if you dont think this site has gone downhill just take a look at the questions here.

    4. Re:Biological interaction by msauve · · Score: 1

      Conversely, all analog circuits are digital, just different levels of quanta.

      --
      "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
  4. Interesting experiment but deeply flawed by aXis100 · · Score: 5, Informative

    If you RTFA, they didn't just use a regular WiFi access point. They modified the AP so that in addition to one channel carrying data, there were another two radios on non-overlapping channels transmitting noise. Great for powering your thermostat, but horrible for your neighbors.

    The spectrum is already crowded with most homes transmitting one channel - imagine if everyone stated transmitting three. The noise floor would go up drastically and WiFi would be rendered near inoperable.

    1. Re:Interesting experiment but deeply flawed by Rockoon · · Score: 1

      Great for powering your thermostat, but horrible for your neighbors.

      If its great for me and my thermostat, I'm sure that they wouldnt mind that their thermostat also gets some free power on my dime.

      --
      "His name was James Damore."
    2. Re:Interesting experiment but deeply flawed by petherfile · · Score: 3, Informative

      Unless they are trying to find a free channel for data and there just isn't one because 6 people around you are doing this all on different channels. Allocation of another part of the spectrum for power transmission: much better idea than trying to use the same ones as for data.

        Using incidental energy that is being used for data transmission anyway - nothing wrong with that. Flooding data channels with noise, not so nice for other people around you.

    3. Re:Interesting experiment but deeply flawed by AmiMoJo · · Score: 1

      I did RTFA, and they did test the effect on their own and other networks and found it to be negligible. I'm a little sceptical because of the hidden transmitter problem, but they did at least consider it. Also, in an area where there is wifi congestion, you wouldn't need to transmit anything yourself anyway. For example, where I live the 2.4GHz band is pretty much saturated just by the beacon packets of all the APs in range, let alone traffic on top.

      The main problem is that the amount of power they got is tiny and rapidly decreases with distance from the AP. For example their low power, low resolution, black and white camera was only able to take 1 picture every 14 minutes when located about 10m away. It might be useful for ultra low power sensors but that's about it... In fact their temperature sensor was rather useless as well, as it only reported the temperature over its UART (i.e. locally, not broadcast back over RF).

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    4. Re:Interesting experiment but deeply flawed by __aabppq7737 · · Score: 1

      Where I live Verizon and AT&T compete for faster speeds by shouting louder signals across the city - in turn obfuscating the competitor's routers' discussion

    5. Re:Interesting experiment but deeply flawed by suutar · · Score: 1

      this would suck on 2.4GHz, but the 5GHz range has more channels and less penetration, so it would seem like it'd be easier to find spectrum not in use without bothering the neighbors.

    6. Re:Interesting experiment but deeply flawed by whathappenedtomonday · · Score: 1

      Also, in some countries it's illegal to harvest power from ambient electromagnetic radiation, like GB as it says in the comments section here, in order to prevent people from leeching power off of power lines, antennas of radio stations and what have you. While that doesn't stop you from charging your AA batteries for free, you might have a hard time selling gear that relies on harvested power in these countries.

      --
      I hope I didn't brain my damage.
  5. Spy Cams by muphin · · Score: 1

    well now there will soon be spy cameras everywhere

    --
    It's not a typo if you understood the meaning!
    1. Re:Spy Cams by viperidaenz · · Score: 5, Informative

      You'd be able to detect them, since all other WIFI signals in the vicinity would be horribly degraded by the modified AP spewing continuous noise on several channels.

      They managed to take one 174x144 pixel black and white picture every 35 minutes at a distance of 5 metres. No transmitting of the image anywhere, it's stored locally.

      You'd probably be able to do much better with one of those small solar cells from a calculator.

  6. the key to distance resonance by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I believe that how tesla did it a hundred years ago was the key was in resonance fequency over time like a opera singer and a wine glass
    a sound and a tuning fork tuning into to frequency was always the key.

  7. Need more nuclear reactors to power these devices by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Great, now it will take 500 Watts to watch netflix .... oh wait, can this thing power the TV too?

  8. RFIDs? by Jumunquo · · Score: 1

    Don't RFIDs already work this way? They don't continuously power those, not because they can't but because it's wasteful. I wonder if they considered energy use during their test?

    1. Re:RFIDs? by aXis100 · · Score: 1

      Smart RFID's harvest power from the radio signal, dumb RFID's just modulate the existing feild. Either way the distances involved are tiny - several centimeters, not meters.

    2. Re:RFIDs? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Smart RFID's harvest power from the radio signal, dumb RFID's just modulate the existing feild. Either way the distances involved are tiny - several centimeters, not meters.

      Actually you would be wrong on the point about distance. UHF back-scatter RFID tags that are considered long-range with a 1-Watt 900MHz transmitter can achieve distances of several meters.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification

      From a table in the link:

      433 MHz (UHF) Short Range Devices 1–100 m Moderate Part 7 Defense applications, with active tags $5

      865-868 MHz (Europe)
      902-928 MHz (North America) UHF ISM band 1–12 m Moderate to high Part 6 EAN, various standards $0.15 (passive tags)

    3. Re:RFIDs? by Muad'Dave · · Score: 1

      Agree. I've personally read 900MHz backscatter tags at more than 10m. I _think_ we used a 1W transmitter with a legal-limit (6 dBi) antenna, but it might've been a lower-power transmitter with a higher gain (narrower beamwidth) antenna. These were GEN-I tags from 10 years ago.

      Title 47 Part 15 15.247(b)(3) and (4)

      --
      Tiller's Rule: Never use a word in written form that you've only heard and never read. You will end up looking foolish.
  9. Solar powered flashlight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    In many situations, a solar panel will provide more energy and be cheaper.

  10. Great! More noise on ISM frequencies! by blindseer · · Score: 1

    As someone with a reputation of knowing how electronics work among friends and relatives I am often asked to fix issues of interference on wireless devices. What is often the case is the baby monitor, Wi-FI, cordless phone, and microwave oven all operate on the same frequency. Now we get someone that wants to power his toys by transmitting noise in that band.

    The article claims that the test subjects saw no drop in their Wi-Fi access from the use of this device. I don't doubt the report, I just expect that this was not a real world test by having other common wireless devices operating at the same time.

    I wonder if the "greenies" will latch onto this. Given the unrealistic claims of energy sources and power distribution systems from these people I expect someone will read this report and expect to see all the power lines in the world disappear and be replaced with antennas.

    --
    I am armed because I am free. I am free because I am armed.
    1. Re:Great! More noise on ISM frequencies! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But the payoff is gonna be huge!!! Think of all those poor little microwatts that were just going to be wasted frying the neighbor cat's brain... these guys are going to save us from all that radiation AND take picture every 3 hours while only having to receive > -20dBm power levels into a 50-ohm load. Hope they are using directional antennas.

      FTA

      "Results 1.
      Fig. 12 shows that the battery-free camera can op-
      erate up to 17 feet from the router, with an image capture
      every 35 minutes. On the other hand, the battery-recharging
      camera has an extended range of 23 feet with an image cap-
      ture every 34.5 minutes in an energy-neutral manner. Both
      the sensors have a similar image capture rate up to 15 feet
      from the router. We also note that Fig. 12 limits the range to
      23 feet to focus on the smaller values. Our experiments, how-
      ever, show that the battery-recharging camera can operate up
      to 26.5 feet with an image capture every 2.6 hours."

    2. Re:Great! More noise on ISM frequencies! by Muad'Dave · · Score: 1

      Nah, the greenies and crystal-suckers already claim that WiFi causes all sorts of diseases and conditions - do you think they'll endorse even higher power Wifi transmitters? It might start interfering with their 'aura'.

      --
      Tiller's Rule: Never use a word in written form that you've only heard and never read. You will end up looking foolish.
  11. Re: HTTPS by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Why are you so retarded?
    Oh noes! The man can see this shit I posted publicly?

  12. If you think that is bad, check out this other one by Aku+Head · · Score: 2

    There is an article over at New Scientist where they power devices with a hardware-modified router that delivers an extra 20 Watts on an unused channel. They claim to get around the FCC's 1 Watt limit by transmitting only a carrier wave.

    Is that really how the regulation works? If I don't put any information in the signal, I can use all of the power that I want?

    http://www.newscientist.com/ar...


    According to the article referred to by this Slash Dot story, the received power is on the order of microwatts, while the camera requires milliwatts. Because of this, you need to wait many minutes between camera frames.

    I think that if we are going to broadcast noise for the purpose of powering gadgets, we should dedicate some unused spectrum for this and not interfere with existing signals.

    On another subject, I used to live within sight of a 50,000 Watt AM radio station. The signal used to get into the band's amplifiers. I bet that you could power a lot of gadgets from that monster.

  13. Re:If you think that is bad, check out this other by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Wow, you just threw that company under the bus. I'm sure the FCC will be knocking on their door real soon .. hahahah. To answer your question, no you definitely can't transmit 20 Watts in the ISM band (as an intentional radiator; microwave oven is okay) without a licenese. I don't think they give out those kind of licenses in that band.

  14. Nikola Tesla by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The only reason that Nikola Tesla didn't accomplish his dream is because J.P. Morgan stopped funding because he didn't want to loose out on all that money. The technology worked, he proved that in Colorado.

  15. Re:HTTPS by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Why would the NSA care that you pour hot grits in your pants?

  16. Re:If you think that is bad, check out this other by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    . To answer your question, no you definitely can't transmit 20 Watts in the ISM band (as an intentional radiator; microwave oven is okay)

    As long as it is not for communication purposes, you can still transmit. Doesn't even have to be in a confined space, as odd ball induction heaters and certain medical equipment are basically trying to transmit power over some short distance using those bands. It just can't interfere with stuff outside the band.

  17. Solar by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Should have just used a solar panel instead.

  18. Re:If you think that is bad, check out this other by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    I think you are full of shit. Supply relavant FCC rules to redeem yourself.

  19. fill in the blanks with noise.... by steppin_razor_LA · · Score: 1

    As I recall they achieved this by "cheating" and broadcasting noise on the channels in order to generate more RF energy (i.e. there wasn't enough power because unless you probably aren't transmitting 100% of the time)

    --
    Evolution: love it or leave it
  20. Cool! Almost like a crystal radio! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_radio

    Invention my ass...

  21. Hmm by koan · · Score: 1

    Health concerns?

    --
    "If any question why we died, Tell them because our fathers lied."
    1. Re:Hmm by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Are you seriously another one of these complete morons that think radio waves are harmful?

      Please sit down and shut up. Attempting to think will only cause you to say more stupid things.

    2. Re:Hmm by Muad'Dave · · Score: 1

      Let's be real here. Radio waves _can_ be harmful. They may seem magical but they really can be damaging if they deposit too much energy into living tissue. For 2450 MHz into a 9 dBi antenna, the 'safe' distance for a controlled environment is 0.518 meters (1.700 feet) - that's an environment where everyone is aware of the radiation and the public is not allowed. In an uncontrolled environment (where the public may be exposed) the 'safe' distance is 1.140 meters (3.739 feet). I put safe in quotes because the existing FCC rules are very conservative.

      If you're not familiar with MPE, there are interesting docs available:

      http://www.arrl.org/fcc-rf-exp...
      https://www.fcc.gov/encycloped...

      Interestingly, the max power you can be exposed to is very frequency-dependent. Freqs that are closer to body-sized parts are more likely to couple to the RF and absorb more power so the max permissible power is lower.

      --
      Tiller's Rule: Never use a word in written form that you've only heard and never read. You will end up looking foolish.
    3. Re:Hmm by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >> For 2450 MHz into a 9 dBi antenna [wirelessconnections.net], the 'safe' distance for a controlled environment is 0.518 meters (1.700 feet)

      With a highly directional antenna, you need to specifiy your location within the radiation pattern. Also, you need to specify power. 2450 MHz into a 9 dBi antenna doesn't tell me anything about power. Also, you have to be talking about pretty high power levels to cause tissue heating from any kind of distance with an omni antenna. In short, you might want to stick to your day job.

  22. Great! Let's move on to Wireless Plumbing! by TheRealHocusLocus · · Score: 1

    I wonder if the "greenies" will latch onto this. Given the unrealistic claims of energy sources and power distribution systems from these people I expect someone will read this report and expect to see all the power lines in the world disappear and be replaced with antennas.

    General ignorance of inverse-square law and the order of magnitude between a fun experiment and practical applications.

    Let's build central humidifiers in the home and sell wireless water systems to bring up the humidity to the point where little condensers installed in each faucet can deliver a steady stream of life-giving water from a series of packets called 'drips' --- enough to sustain an adult grasshopper. Since our wireless plumbing will be a tough sell, there is no escape from the scaling problem, we'll go on the offensive. We'll launch an ad campaign with a cute cartoon grasshopper that portrays him as the one true environmentalist living among a teeming mass of wasteful cartoon humans always drawn with their gaping gullets demanding a raging torrent of precious water, even as they're pissing it out the other end. To personify the grasshopper and dehumanize the people we'll give the little fellow expressive eyes, a top hat and cane, and the humans' eyes will be expressionless and button-like. The first market goal is to get folks to install at least one 'water base station' and wireless faucet in the home to prove their commitment to the environment.

    Tesla was a bloomin' genius but his tech was noisier than hell and the global power concept unscalable and even IF we had a Krell technology generator at the top of the world , irresponsibly dangerous chemically and inductively. Tesla lived in a radio-quiet world that is not our world. We made this choice, to deliver energy in pipes, wires and tanks, leaving the ether quiet enough for true distance communication. It was a good choice.

    This WiFi/Radio free-power-all-around-you idea is a parasitic vulture-culture where someone wants to get rich on a little idea whose unintended consequences exceed the benefits. Never mind the unworkable engineering, even the concept is creepy, sociopathic. If Walmarts were built with Faraday Shields that block communications from the outside people would consider it inconvenient to shop there. But the folks who want to fill the world with tiny parasitic power systems want them to become so ubiquitous that they are woven into the clothing and all, is an actual direct affront to that decision we have made to preserve the airwaves for communication.

    A woman trapped in her vehicle, fatally injured and bloody after an automobile crash is attempting to dial 911. She is down in a ditch and at the extreme end of cell range, but she cannot manage to get a reliable connection. Finally she gives up and writes in her own blood on the dashboard her last message to the world. The headlights and shorted wires quickly drain the car's battery and all goes dark, except for a dim mesmerizing pattern of tiny LEDs dancing across her shirt. The shirt's designers needed to incorporate several band resonators into it to make it practical, and even bragged in their advertising that it became brighter every time you were on your cell phone, speaking to the one you love.

    --
    <blink>down the rabbit hole</blink>
  23. Effeciency by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Wireless Power has been achievable for decades.

    The big issue, which their article seems to have COMPLETELY overlooked, is the EFFICIENCY of transmitting the power wirelessly. I thought the MOST efficient wireless power (across more than 1") was still only like 30%... and at that rate, I'd much rather run a wire than triple the energy requirements for a given device.

  24. Re:If you think that is bad, check out this other by tlhIngan · · Score: 1

    There is an article over at New Scientist where they power devices with a hardware-modified router that delivers an extra 20 Watts on an unused channel. They claim to get around the FCC's 1 Watt limit by transmitting only a carrier wave.

      Is that really how the regulation works? If I don't put any information in the signal, I can use all of the power that I want?

    Well, in theory, yes. Because an unmodulated carrier wave has zero bandwidth. The instant you modulate it (with any modulation type - AM, FM, other modes) it takes up a non-zero amount of bandwidth.

    AM transmissions are an illustration of this - the standard AM transmitted over MW broadcast, or aircraft is known as double-sideband non-suppressed carrier - the carrier frequency consumes almost 75% of the power in an AM signal not doing anything useful (other than providing a trivially easy signal to lock onto for the tuner, which is why they transmit it). Single-sideband eliminates the carrier (suppressed-carrier) and half of the sideband (either upper or lower, referring to the frequency of the sideband compared to the carrier). This lets you use all the amplifer power for useful modulation, and halves bandwidth, at the expense of more complex receivers (which usually work by regenerating a local carrier and the other sideband, then doing a traditional demodulation).

    Of course, it's all theoretical since to generate a perfect zero bandwidth carrier requires generating a perfect sinewave - practically impossible. Any distortions to the sinewave result in sidelobes and now make your signal not zero bandwidth.