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Researcher Who Reported E-voting Vulnerability Targeted By Police Raid in Argentina

TrixX writes: Police have raided the home of an Argentinian security professional who discovered and reported several vulnerabilities in the electronic ballot system (Google translation of Spanish original) to be used next week for elections in the city of Buenos Aires. The vulnerabilities (exposed SSL keys and ways to forge ballots with multiple votes) had been reported to the manufacturer of the voting machines, the media, and the public about a week ago. There has been no arrest, but his computers and electronics devices have been impounded (Spanish original). Meanwhile, the information security community in Argentina is trying to get the media to report this notorious attempt to "kill the messenger." Another source (Spanish original).

116 comments

  1. Gazillion votes by turkeydance · · Score: 1, Funny

    Kirchner's pals rule.

    1. Re:Gazillion votes by TrixX · · Score: 4, Informative

      Just FTR, the group organizing this election is the government of the city of Buenos Aires. which is not run by the Kirchner but one of the opposition parties

    2. Re:Gazillion votes by stm2 · · Score: 1

      And the raid order was sourced in the private company who runs the voting machines (MSA, Magic Software Argentina), they already organized elections for both major parties.

      --
      DNA in your Linux: DNALinux
    3. Re: Gazillion votes by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But un another state (salta), the kirchner's parte uses the same tecnology, the same machines, provided by the same supplier (MSA)

    4. Re: Gazillion votes by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      *in another state, sorry for the typo

    5. Re:Gazillion votes by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Magic Software Argentina

      could they have chosen a less trust inspiring name? "Don't ask how tue secure voting system works... It's Magic!"

    6. Re: Gazillion votes by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's not Kirchner who governs the buenos aires district. Your comment it's ignorance at its finest

    7. Re: Gazillion votes by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The crime/vulnerability are never what's importatnt, it's whether or not the information makes the government look bad.

    8. Re:Gazillion votes by RockDoctor · · Score: 1

      That would explain why after the election it'll be governed by Kirchner's allies.

      --
      Birds are not dinosaur descendants;birds are dinosaurs, for all useful meanings of "birds", "are" and "dinosaurs"
  2. Not kill the messenger ... by perpenso · · Score: 3, Insightful

    If the researcher is not being arrested its not "kill the messenger". Impounding his equipment, the "evidence", is just a very rude way of getting his data on vulnerabilities and attacks. They could have asked. Then again perhaps they feared the "evidence" being tampered with, confidential sources and all that sort of thing. Again, rude, but a plausible path if such concerns were warranted.

    1. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      So why would the next messenger bring any message?

      Thus, killing the messenger. Period.

    2. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by perpenso · · Score: 1

      So why would the next messenger bring any message?

      Because the next messenger would be smart enough to realize that if they have any electronic data more valuable than school assignment, video game save game files, selfies and letters to grandma then they should have offsite backups. Whether your data burns up in a fire, gets destroyed in a flood, gets stolen by non-government agents or impounded by government agents does not really matter; except that in the impounding case you might get it back. Back it up and there is much less to fear.

      And perhaps this first messenger has a backup too.

    3. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by NoNonAlphaCharsHere · · Score: 1

      They went into his house and took his shit. In South America. I think that qualifies as "kill the messenger".

    4. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by perpenso · · Score: 2

      They went into his house and took his shit. In South America. I think that qualifies as "kill the messenger".

      In a region with a history of actual political assassinations (body found) and dissapearances (body not found), no that does not qualify. Such things happened as recently as the 1980s. About 10 years ago the Argentine Congress established a "Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice" for such victims. Having to buy a new computer and restore from backups is not in the same league.

    5. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by tompaulco · · Score: 1

      If the researcher is not being arrested its not "kill the messenger". Impounding his equipment, the "evidence", is just a very rude way of getting his data on vulnerabilities and attacks. They could have asked. Then again perhaps they feared the "evidence" being tampered with, confidential sources and all that sort of thing. Again, rude, but a plausible path if such concerns were warranted.

      In the U.S., they can take all of your stuff if they arrest. Well, technically they can't, because that would be unconstitutional and illegal, but they DO. So how much worse is it when they can take all of your stuff without even arresting you?

      --
      If you are not allowed to question your government then the government has answered your question.
    6. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They went into his house and took his stuff. They stole it.

    7. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by perpenso · · Score: 1

      If the researcher is not being arrested its not "kill the messenger". Impounding his equipment, the "evidence", is just a very rude way of getting his data on vulnerabilities and attacks. They could have asked. Then again perhaps they feared the "evidence" being tampered with, confidential sources and all that sort of thing. Again, rude, but a plausible path if such concerns were warranted.

      In the U.S., they can take all of your stuff if they arrest. Well, technically they can't, because that would be unconstitutional and illegal, but they DO. So how much worse is it when they can take all of your stuff without even arresting you?

      In the US seizing material evidence of a crime and arresting a person are also two different things. The evidence may be of some third person's criminal activities, something the person who possesses the evidence was not involved in.

    8. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by Trax3001BBS · · Score: 3, Insightful

      So why would the next messenger bring any message?

      Because the next messenger would be smart enough to realize that if they have any electronic data more valuable than school assignment, video game save game files, selfies and letters to grandma then they should have offsite backups. Whether your data burns up in a fire, gets destroyed in a flood, gets stolen by non-government agents or impounded by government agents does not really matter; except that in the impounding case you might get it back. Back it up and there is much less to fear.

      And perhaps this first messenger has a backup too.

      In this case everybody has the information: "As reported Telam a specialist who preferred anonymity, which leaked on the web are "SSL certificates terminals that send data from the schools to the datacenter," which were published "on the site http: / /caba.operaciones.com.ar by poor settings on your servers. "" (translated version).

    9. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by khallow · · Score: 2

      Having to buy a new computer and restore from backups is not in the same league.

      Doesn't have to be in order to fit the definition. And milder forms of censorship and suppression are often preludes to greater forms especially in places where there's already a history of such tyranny.

    10. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by perpenso · · Score: 4, Insightful

      So why would the next messenger bring any message?

      Because the next messenger would be smart enough to realize that if they have any electronic data more valuable than school assignment, video game save game files, selfies and letters to grandma then they should have offsite backups. Whether your data burns up in a fire, gets destroyed in a flood, gets stolen by non-government agents or impounded by government agents does not really matter; except that in the impounding case you might get it back. Back it up and there is much less to fear.

      And perhaps this first messenger has a backup too.

      In this case everybody has the information: "As reported Telam a specialist who preferred anonymity, which leaked on the web are "SSL certificates terminals that send data from the schools to the datacenter," which were published "on the site http: / /caba.operaciones.com.ar by poor settings on your servers. "" (translated version).

      The desired "evidence" may be unreported information. For example things that make otherwise anonymous people less anonymous. Again, the researcher is not necessarily the target.

    11. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And the police are more than happy to auction the seized items off rather than ever return them to their rightful owners, even in cases where the owner is not the accused. There have certainly been cases where items were seized on a bullshit charge just to get back at someone who upset the police.

    12. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by Ultra64 · · Score: 1

      Are you retarded?

    13. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by perpenso · · Score: 1

      Having to buy a new computer and restore from backups is not in the same league.

      Doesn't have to be in order to fit the definition. And milder forms of censorship and suppression are often preludes to greater forms especially in places where there's already a history of such tyranny.

      It remains to be seen if there is censorship. Impounding material evidence is not necessarily suppression. Its not clear that the researcher is the target, he may merely possess evidence that would make some black hat less anonymous. It premature to claim "kill the messenger" using any definition of that phrase.

      As for the "definition". In a region where a generation or two ago "kill the messenger" was literal not figurative, the figurative definition doesn't work.

    14. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just for my information, you work for the Argentinian Ministry of Truth, right Perpenso?

    15. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just for my information, you work for the Argentinian Ministry of Truth, right Perpenso?

      Wow, you are a genius for figuring that out. Who but a genius would accuse a person of being a government agent when that person pointed out that tens of thousands of people were murdered/disappeared by the government not long ago. That "killing the messenger" was a literal thing, an actual murder, not a figurative thing not long ago.

    16. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's still cost him all of his hardware, as well as any data he'd not had a chance yet -if he does have such a policy- to store offsite. You're also assuming they've not gone after those as well.

      There's just no way around what's been done to the guy: His things were stolen in direct retaliation for having pointed out a vulnerability.

      Which means those who sent the cops after him weren't too happy about their little backdoor being found.

      Security kinda gets in the way of deciding who's winning the election after all.

    17. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by Zontar+The+Mindless · · Score: 1

      Do you often ask rhetorical questions? :D

      (Sorry, couldn't resist.)

      --
      Il n'y a pas de Planet B.
    18. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by Zontar+The+Mindless · · Score: 1

      In a region with a history of actual political assassinations and disappearances, I'd be quite concerned about a possible followup visit. But I guess that's just me.

      --
      Il n'y a pas de Planet B.
    19. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Perhaps English is not your first language. The phrase " to kill the messenger" is no longer expect d to be literal, but "kill" can be interpreted as "harm". Stealing someone's stuff falls into the definition of "harm".

    20. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Perhaps English is not your first language. The phrase " to kill the messenger" is no longer expect d to be literal

      Figurative language does not work so well in a region where in very recent history the killing was literal. On a scale of tens of thousands.

      Plus the figurative meaning fails since it is not clear the "messenger" is that target. The messenger's computer may be believed to contain information relevant to a third party of interest. Hence the impounding of the computer, as would happen in North America or Europe should a computer be deemed by a judge to likely contain material evidence.

      Inconvenienced, yes, harmed, no at least so far as the story has unfolded.

    21. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You assume there is no probable cause to believe the "messenger" was in communication with a 3rd party black hat as part of his research, or otherwise in possession of evidence of a crime that he himself was not a conspirator in. If such probable cause exists the computer could be seized as material evidence related to 3rd parties. Again, no action has been taken against this messenger personally. Its premature to consider him a target. Therefore the "kill the messenger" meme is a failure. Want to go with an "innocent bystander" meme, there you might have an argument. At least as far as things have unfolded so far.

    22. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Shooting the messenger" or "killing the messenger" is a metaphoric phrase used to describe the act of lashing out at the (blameless) bearer of bad news.

      >Impounding his equipment, the "evidence", is just a very rude way of getting his data on vulnerabilities and attacks.

      If he did nothing unlawful then this is an arbitrary seizure. In civilized nation every citizen is protected against those. The question is "Evidence" for what? If not illegal, this an unlawful seizure. And this wrong, wrong, wrong, and in fact blaming a bearer of bad news.

    23. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by khallow · · Score: 1

      It remains to be seen if there is censorship. Impounding material evidence is not necessarily suppression.

      But heavy-handed behavior is a good indication that such suppression is going on. After all, why wouldn't this researcher cooperate with the police?

      As for the "definition". In a region where a generation or two ago "kill the messenger" was literal not figurative, the figurative definition doesn't work.

      Bullshit. When the figurative definition is ignored the literal one comes back. Throwing elections (and thuggish suppression of evidence of that) is a phase I'd expect in a return to such tyranny.

    24. Re: Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Some would call you a conforming apologist. Just saying.

    25. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by perpenso · · Score: 2

      It remains to be seen if there is censorship. Impounding material evidence is not necessarily suppression.

      But heavy-handed behavior is a good indication that such suppression is going on. After all, why wouldn't this researcher cooperate with the police?

      There was no censorship. The researcher who published the exploits was not arrested. His computers were impounded as part of an investigation. He may not be the target, they may be searching for a 3rd party he was in contact with, perhaps a black hat. Seizing evidence in such a case removes the opportunity for the evidence's destruction. Its a pretty standard thing in North America and Europe too.

      As for the "definition". In a region where a generation or two ago "kill the messenger" was literal not figurative, the figurative definition doesn't work.

      Bullshit. When the figurative definition is ignored the literal one comes back. Throwing elections (and thuggish suppression of evidence of that) is a phase I'd expect in a return to such tyranny.

      The existence of an exploit is not evidence that anyone, government or not, is actually rigging an election. Its evidence of risk. There are most likely exploits in every electronic balloting device and in every web voting system ever made.

    26. Re: Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Let us know if you still agree with yourself after your home is raided and your property confiscated. It is easy to say "their person was not taken and held against their will, just their property, so their person was not harmed", but we extend ourselves into our world... Our property become a part of us, and having it harmed harms us.

      If you don't understand this, you're a mindless paid shill.

    27. Re: Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hey, send me your bank account information, I would like to hire you to argue for my inhumane actions. My SSL certificates are perfectly secure, btw...

    28. Re: Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You need an update about political violence in Argentina. A federal prosecutor was found dead in his apartment earlier this year. That morning he was to talk to the Congress against Kirchners.
      And the case as been so far so badly managed they could say my granma killed him

    29. Re: Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What's the Spanish word for niave?

    30. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by khallow · · Score: 1

      There was no censorship.

      That's wrong to say since this researcher doesn't have infinite time and resources to both deal with the alleged investigation and impounding of equipment as well as doing whatever they do for a living and discussing the security issue they have allegedly found. At best, it might be that the censorship is an unintentional consequence of a police investigation of a genuine criminal activity with genuine probable cause. But the above actions indicate the police did not think the researcher would be cooperative in the investigation. Why?

      The existence of an exploit is not evidence that anyone, government or not, is actually rigging an election. Its evidence of risk. There are most likely exploits in every electronic balloting device and in every web voting system ever made.

      Depends on the exploit. The original report claimed the potential for introducing false voting data as well as a denial of service attack. The latter would not be useful to throw an election, but the former would. Further, if such accusations routinely result in an abusive police probe, harming the livelihood of anyone involved, then that would be indication of a serious risk to a democracy. After all, voting is one of the most important aspects of the democracy.

    31. Re: Not kill the messenger ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Facts not in evidence." In other words, stop making hypotheticals to fit your narrative that his stuff was not stolen.

    32. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by HiThere · · Score: 1

      Plenty of excuses, but sorry, if we're using English "kill the messenger" essentially means to act in such a way as to discourage others with the same (or sufficiently similar) message.

      You may use the excuses to claim that the intent was other than "killing the messenger", but not to argue that that isn't what they did. To argue that that isn't what they did you would (probably) need to show that their action did not serve to discourage others with similar communications.

      OTOH, perhaps in Spanish the phrase would be taken literally, as it once was in English. But in modern English "kill" has many figurative uses, such as "kill the spotlight" (though I think that's now more commonly "strike the spot", which also doesn't involve hitting the light).

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    33. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by HiThere · · Score: 1

      Unfortunately, by your definition I don't believe that there *are* any civilized nations. It's not that I disagree with you, exactly. But I believe that your idealized definition of civilized doesn't map to any country in the world either at the present time or at any previous time.

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    34. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by perpenso · · Score: 1

      it might be that the censorship is an unintentional consequence of a police investigation of a genuine criminal activity with genuine probable cause.

      That's my point, with the caveat that its not really censorship since the goal is not to silence anyone but to investigate a crime.

      Again, all I'm saying is that its premature to claim censorship. As I said in the beginning all we can say for sure at this point is that it was rude to seize the equipment without asking for cooperation. Facts and opinions may change as more info unfolds.

      But the above actions indicate the police did not think the researcher would be cooperative in the investigation. Why?

      Might be standard procedure to seize evidence without warning to prevent tampering.

      A researcher might want to not disclose contact with a black hat, a source of information. Removing evidence of any contact. The black hat might be the actual target of the police investigation.

    35. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by khallow · · Score: 1

      That's my point, with the caveat that its not really censorship since the goal is not to silence anyone but to investigate a crime.

      Unless, of course, the intent of the effort was to silence the researcher in question. Then it is.

      Again, all I'm saying is that its premature to claim censorship. As I said in the beginning all we can say for sure at this point is that it was rude to seize the equipment without asking for cooperation. Facts and opinions may change as more info unfolds.

      But a kind of rudeness that routinely shows up when authorities want to make an example of someone.

      Might be standard procedure to seize evidence without warning to prevent tampering.

      It also might be standard procedure to cause as much grief as possible when someone gets inconvenient to the powers-that-be. What more could they be doing to this guy given their current powers?

    36. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by KGIII · · Score: 1

      I decided to poke around and they *may* have a legitimate argument if they wanted to make it though they would have to rely on, and you accept, a really piss-poor wiki page. Here is the link:

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      It would require deciding what lashing out meant - is that a physical or a non-physical thing as would be expected by a rational language user in that environment. I do not know, personally, so I leave that up to you two to hash out if you opt to do so. I would have said 'attacking the messenger' but that wiki page goes on to give that an unusual definition too.

      --
      "So long and thanks for all the fish."
    37. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by perpenso · · Score: 1

      The cause as much grief as possible argument fails since he was not arrested or charged with anything. He buys a new computer, restores from backups, and continues on with his research. Yes, a great inconvenience, hardly silencing a researcher or inflicting as much pain as possible for a government. Its way premature to cry censorship, its crying wolf as things stand at the moment.

      Or is it an inconvenience for his employer? A work computer that gets replaced?

    38. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by khallow · · Score: 1

      The cause as much grief as possible argument fails since he was not arrested or charged with anything.

      What is your reasoning for that argument? What would be the point of arresting the researcher, if you didn't have anything to charge him with at the time?

      Its way premature to cry censorship, its crying wolf as things stand at the moment.

      Again, what is the basis for your argument especially given that you admit this is a tremendous imposition requiring such things as "buying new computers".

    39. Re:Not kill the messenger ... by perpenso · · Score: 1

      The cause as much grief as possible argument fails since he was not arrested or charged with anything.

      What is your reasoning for that argument? What would be the point of arresting the researcher, if you didn't have anything to charge him with at the time?

      Censorship. Charging people is easy. Its convicting them that can be hard. No arrest, no faux prosecution, etc. An awfully poor attempt at censorship, so much so it would be reasonable to expect that something else is the motivation.

      Its way premature to cry censorship, its crying wolf as things stand at the moment.

      Again, what is the basis for your argument especially given that you admit this is a tremendous imposition requiring such things as "buying new computers".

      It is a great inconvenience that silences no one. Assuming its not an employer's computer, then its a minor inconvenience. An awfully poor attempt at censorship, so much so it would be reasonable to expect that something else is the motivation.

  3. Can we get some confirmation of this? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Come on, Slashdot editors! Get with it! Fix the fucking summary! It's fucking awful!

    Jesus Christ, most of the links are to non-English articles, and the automatic translations are shitty. Like most people here, I don't read Spanish, so I have no idea if the automatic translations are actually accurate and match with what the Spanish articles are saying!

    Additionally, I have no idea who is behind these articles. Being unfamiliar with them, I do not know how reliable they are, or what their biases are.

    I know I'm not alone. This is a site targeting English-speaking individuals. As we already speak the most relevant language in the world, we have no need for other languages.

    Is anyone in the English media covering this? Can we get some confirmation from reputable American, British or Australian news sources, so we can actually understand what the fuck is going on in this case?

    1. Re:Can we get some confirmation of this? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Christina, are you? cerrá la boca.

    2. Re:Can we get some confirmation of this? by TrixX · · Score: 3, Informative

      I can provide you with this english link. This has not been reported in english speaking media yet, sorry for not having something better but this is breaking news yet. https://gist.githubusercontent...

    3. Re:Can we get some confirmation of this? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      well, telam is the country's government media agency.
      the e-voting machines are from the opposition. (city government)

      i dont say the devices are safe. just that the news might be a bit subjective considering presidential elections are soon.
      I dont trust any evoting machine that isnt 100% open to review.

      source.Im Argentine.

    4. Re: Can we get some confirmation of this? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Is not a journal, but you can see the source code here:h ttps://github.com/prometheus-ar/vot.ar

    5. Re:Can we get some confirmation of this? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Some people prefer to get their news early, even if the English language mainstream media haven't processed it yet. If you don't like it, why don't you check back tomorrow?

    6. Re:Can we get some confirmation of this? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

        Some days before the elections taking place today in BsAs, a guy found "bugs" and other mistakes from which the Frente Para la Victoria, the PRO, the Frente Renovador, and other polithical parties from here may take advantage of. The article is fine and describes in a very suitable and short way what's really happening. This is obvious, just as with Nisman, and other cases: we are being ruled by a right-wing party disguised as a populist left-wing party who wants to stay in the power, no matter what. Just like in some other countries.

      The best thing to do for people who has no idea what's happening, like you, would be to explain the general context in which this specific case is taking place.

      The modern "peronistas" polithical parties always assure their "eternal" position in the governement by giving niggas ("negros villeros") some coke and hotdogs since they just don't care about the rest, 'cause they have nothing to lose. Then you give them these "planes sociales" (asignación universal por hijo, plan procreAR, plan trabajAR, etc) and make sure you have them happy for a while. Once you've done this, you gotta start spreading around propaganda to convince low and middle class that you really are carrying on with the agenda J. D. Perón had in his first presidence back in 1945. After all that, finally, you can choke the uptown-hypster-conservative class by the balls using low and middle class against them. And when the party is on the hiatus (like it's gonna be in 2/3 months) you just get the fuck outta here to the Bahamas, leaving everything prepared for your comeback in 4/8 years (with help from Scioli, Massa, etc).

      What does all this have to do with the article? 1) Manipulating the votes would re-assure the victory of Scioli (a right wing-burocrat disguised as a left-wing, close friend of Menem, that contributed with the neoliberal economic State general overthrown in Latin America back in the '90 to spread EEUU's geopolithical rules, and who has the guts to confront all of us, not cause he's a good man, but because Argentina's mafia and other polithics will maintain his butt clean and assure his polithical status in the future) and therefore a future comeback and victory from the kirchneristas or Cristina herself; 2) Scioli would also leave everything prepared for other kirchneristas to win the next elections in 2019 (since the dólar is gonna skyrocket because of all this fachade of maintaining these "planes sociales" without a real planning and agenda with money nobody will pay for, wasting more resources and money to make everyone think they really are carrying on with populist-economic decisions) by making sure bills are payed and that mouths are shutted with represion, and by checking that "La Cámpora" keeps ruling as a student-polithical dangerous party to allow, with their influence, a comeback from Cristina & company); 3) Internationally, I suspect, sooner or later they'll have to deal with Daddy and mammy (EEUU and Europe), because with all the "Griesa" default debate, plus our firendly relationship with Russia and China (we're more their hooker on duty than their friend) America is not smiling at us, and personally, now that shit is scalating with Russia and Asia in general it's their opportunitty to re-assure their worldwide hegemony; and the fact that this guys are comfortably standing on power, it'll be no trouble taking decisions against argentinian's will.

      So, no doubt the guy who reported the problems described in the article just got in trouble. I doubt they're gonna kill him or something. But he will have to walk looking over his shoulder his entire life.

      Cheers

    7. Re:Can we get some confirmation of this? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      " As we already speak the most relevant language in the world, we have no need for other languages."

      As you live in one of the most relevant countries in the world, you have no need for other countries?

      Perhaps, as I am guessing you are an example of the dominant gender in the world, you have no need for other genders.

      "No need". What a fucking idiot you are.

    8. Re:Can we get some confirmation of this? by KGIII · · Score: 1

      Hola, mí Español es muy mierda. Englais es facile. Es no "maintain his butt clean." En Englais es "keep his butt clean." Es no mucho problemo y tambien yo Englais is muy bueno.

      My English is better than my rusty Spanish.

      --
      "So long and thanks for all the fish."
    9. Re:Can we get some confirmation of this? by KGIII · · Score: 1

      I doubt that they have a need for other genders but I think you have the motivations wrong. NTTAWWT

      --
      "So long and thanks for all the fish."
  4. That's what happens when... by Krojack · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You expose a backdoor that the current in-power government was going to use to win the election.

    1. Re: That's what happens when... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Is not a backdoor and is not a failure in the system, is a failure in the people that manage the system and expose the certificates. I'm no telling that the system is secure, I don't know it.

    2. Re:That's what happens when... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I believe they call this security through obscurity. However the key missing information here that would require such a search and seizure is, how did he get this information? I seriously doubt that he was given one of the voting machines to work with. From what I read there is a total lac of documentation on the machines.

      However, a simple questioning might have been more productive. The flaw he exposed could be used in other ways, but most likely not from a government. it would be easier for them to just take the keys. Thus preventing others from exploiting this flaw while at the same time securing their votes.
      The fact that these keys can be used this way is yet another security flaw in the machines. The votes should be indexed and timestamped to prevent such exploits.

      So many exploits, yet they want us to trust electronic voting.

    3. Re:That's what happens when... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yep. If there is to be Justice, then good men must sacrifice themselves thus.

      And it *will* be a sacrifice. The masses do not stand up and demand fair treatment for those who stick their necks out. Just look at all the public in America has done for Snowden (hint: left him to rot).

    4. Re: That's what happens when... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It is a failure of the system, the failure being "it's electronic". A voting system secrecy and transparency must be understandable by anyone (or at least most) people voting, not just 3 hackers and 2 auditors (who clearly didn't understand it either)

  5. a security team needed. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Security researcher in that country might want to get his own security team to cover his ass.

  6. But Have They by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The researcher's work have been aborted abruptly and devices have disappeared for the information they contained.

  7. The elections are not "next week". It's tomorrow by carlos92 · · Score: 2

    TFS is wrong. We hold elections on Sundays in Argentina, not on weekdays. In less than 11 hours we will be voting with this horribly unsafe system that hasn't really been tested.

  8. Estonia evoting by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Estonia also uses e-voting as an option, using an ID card. Basically software is opes source and anybody can check for backdoor, plus there is independent checking committee.

    Bottom line of this is that it is much more difficult to fraud in e-voting than in ordinary voting with paper.

    Interestingly the biggest critic of e-voting is our opposition party who relies heavily on russian and old people vote, basically less educated is the target group, they have raised hell after hell, and yet no one has yet to produce any attack vector that is not fundamentally in it already - al la guy holds a gun into your head and forces you to vote x or malware that steals your pins and votes x.

    Basically the bottom line is that if you trust banking and your money, because if anybody cracks it, it is the first thing to go after. you should trust e-voting as long as there is independent oversight and source is open.

    1. Re:Estonia evoting by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Obvious shill is obvious (and a poor shill)

  9. Re:The elections are not "next week". It's tomorro by TrixX · · Score: 1

    Sorry for the summary. I sent this yesterday and sunday looked more like "next week"

  10. Re:The elections are not "next week". It's tomorro by turkeydance · · Score: 1

    Sunday is the first day of Next Week

  11. Re:The elections are not "next week". It's tomorro by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That depends on who you ask. Some would say that Sunday is the last day of this week.

    A quick check suggests that Argentine probably sees Sunday as the seventh day of the week.

  12. The inherent problem with electronic voting by Opportunist · · Score: 4, Insightful

    There is one single very dangerous problem with electronic voting: Trust. People have to trust it, because they are unable to test it.

    With paper and pen, it's easy. You can nominate anyone to work as an election monitor. The necessary qualification is "being able to find out where the X marks the spot" and "count". That's a skill set available to nearly everyone.

    Working as an election monitor to rule out foul play with election machines requires someone to know quite a bit about computers. It's anything BUT simple to rule out foul play.

    The danger here isn't even so much that manipulation can take place. And I don't even want to engage in the discussion whether or not these machines can easily be manipulated. The danger is that some populist aiming for the uneducated masses goes and cries foul play when he loses the election. And that's a danger not to some party but to the faith of the population in the whole democratic process. And that inherently is dangerous to democracy altogether.

    It's not easy to debunk such claims. With paper, it's easy to go "oh please, count them yourself if you don't believe us. Here's the paper slips, and you can count, can't you?". Now try the same with election machines. Saying "you can do an audit yourself" isn't going to cut it. Why should we trust the computer experts? It's not something just anyone can do.

    These machines are a danger to democracy. Nothing less.

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    1. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by juancn · · Score: 1

      On the plus side, the system is audit-able. There's a paper ballot that can be manually recounted and validated (a manually signed paper envelope).

    2. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What you ignore is that there are plenty of problems with paper ballots as well. For instance, one city in my state had massive problems with paper ballots on Election Day last year. They (supposedly) didn't have enough ballots to go around, and thus polling places were closing hours ahead of schedule, with the reason given by the Registrar of Voters as "We didn't have enough ballots for everyone to be able to vote".

      The end result is that a lot of people, particularly those who don't vote until after coming home from work, were unable or unwilling to vote because they would have to go to a different polling place (and more than one of the polling places in this city had this issue, in fact all of them did to varying degrees). Many of those effected by this issue (as reported by a local paper later) were minorities.

      This year, the state is stepping in and sending state election officials to this city to take over and overhaul the entire voting process at taxpayer expense. The registrar of voters in that area did more to screw up the election results with paper ballots than any machine has likely done, and cost the state hundreds of thousands of dollars in the process.

    3. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by wbr1 · · Score: 1

      I call bullshit. I can see less in a ballot counting room than I can in a quantum computer. All I know is papers go in, results come out. It still relies on trusting a black box, it just has different constituent parts.

      --
      Silence is a state of mime.
    4. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      You act as if that wasn't even easier with voting machines. "Whoopsie, computer crash!"

      And unlike in this case, you can't even claim that they're criminally incompetent. Because, hey, computers crash, that's what they do, right? Happens to you at home, too, and you can't be blamed for that, can you?

      In other words, them running out of ballots and being unable/unwilling to allow voters to vote is something people can easily identify as something not being as it should be. Manipulation gets heaps easier with voting machines.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    5. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Opportunist · · Score: 3, Interesting

      But any party involved can (at least in my country, and pretty much all civilized countries I know of) nominate election observers that can easily identify whether everything's running correctly without any kind of special knowledge. They can easily tell whether the ballot is properly sealed, they can easily tell whether people step into the voting booth alone. They can easily find out whether the choice is free of influence. They can be present when the ballot seal is broken (actually, over here people are essentially locked in 'til the paper slips are counted, collected and sealed again, nothing going in or out in between) and when the paper slips are counted.

      It's pretty hard to manipulate anything in such an environment. It's easy to see whether someone tries to manipulate results since it takes little more than eyes to detect foul play.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    6. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by DNS-and-BIND · · Score: 0

      I am so tired of these posts that say that paper ballots are some kind of panacea. The PRI in Mexico rigged elections for 80 years using nothing but paper ballots.

      --
      Shutting down free speech with violence isn't fighting fascism. It IS fascism!
    7. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      It is?

      Explain this to Joe Random who just heard some populist cry foul play, claiming that they can't be audited and that the auditors are all in league with the party that won the election. Yes, it's bull. But the problem is that you CANNOT debunk it. Joe Random can't imagine how such an audit takes place. He can imagine counting paper slips, and he can see through the ruse when someone cries foul in such an environment. Any party crying foul in a paper election will be told that they should've put some monitors down if they didn't trust the ones running the show and counting the paper slips. That's (at least in my country) their right to do.

      You can't do that with computer voting. Yes, someone can make an audit. But it isn't something you can easily explain to someone who has no idea of computers. He will readily believe someone who claims that it's bogus. Simply because he doesn't understand what "audit" means. He understands counting paper slips, though.

      The danger is even less in the actual possibility of manipulation as it is in the possible loss of faith in the election. People are already weary of politicians and even politics to some degree (personally, I can only hope that the general apathy is more due to useless politicians rather than people genuinely not caring about democracy anymore). The very last thing we need now is that something gives them the impression that it doesn't matter jack anymore whether or not they vote because it's rigged anyway. Whether real or imagined, if someone starts beating that drum, people will follow easily.

      Simply because you can't easily debunk it.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    8. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Opportunist · · Score: 2

      I didn't say that paper elections cannot be rigged. They can, and have been more often actually than there have been fair elections.

      I did not even say that it's easier to rig electronic elections than paper elections. Personally, I'd expect it to be as long as you're the one calling the shots.

      What is harder is simply to debunk cries of foul play. People can easily imagine what a paper election is like and how counting them (with representatives of all parties involved present) can be somewhat trusted. It is easy, on the other hand, to convince people that this is not the case with voting machines.

      People don't trust what they don't understand. And trust is something a democracy needs urgently. People need to have faith in their system of government. Whether they like their current government or not, but they need to know that it was elected fairly and that it is what "the people" wanted. That's the whole problem here. Because without ... well, you see how Mexico is doing...

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    9. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I am so tired of these posts that say that paper ballots are some kind of panacea.
      I am so tired of these posts that exaggerate other posts just to avoid arguing honestly.

    10. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by GoodNewsJimDotCom · · Score: 1

      There needs to be a paper trail a person verifies. Voting machines are abused everywhere.

    11. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Guillermito · · Score: 2

      In this case the audit is just counting the paper votes. The voting machines used in Argentina will save the voter selection to an RFID chip in the ballot and at the same time print the exact same information. The voter can use a separate machine to read the information in the chip and verify that the information displayed on a screen matches the information printed on the ballot. After that the voter has to insert the ballot in a box. At the end of the day the voting station authorities will empty the box and use a machine similar to the one that the voters used to verify their ballot in order to tally the votes, approaching the ballots one by one to the RFID reader. Each political party can nominate a monitor to oversee this process. They can even ask to manually recount the votes using the printed information if they have doubts. When everyone present agrees on the results, the data is transmitted to a central location to be aggregated. The ballots are put in the box again and the box is shipped to a central location. The totals from each polling station are made available online. The week after the election a 5% of the polling stations are randomly selected. The boxes from those stations are re-opened and the votes are re-counted using the printed information. Again, delegates from every political party oversee this. This is the second time this system is used. The first time was in the Salta province. The audit of the 5% of the votes found no differences.

    12. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Guillermito · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The system used in Argentina has a paper trail. When a vote is casted the machine saves the voter's choice to an RFID chip inside the ballot and at the same time the same information is printed as human-readable text on the ballot. The voter can use a separate machine to read the RFID and verify that the information printed matches the information stored.

      The votes are counted at each polling station primarily using a RFID reader, but each political party can designate monitors to oversee the process. In case of doubts the votes can be re-counted using the printed information. When everyone present agrees on the totals, the results are sent to a central location where they are aggregated. Results from each polling station are made available online so each party can verify that the totals add up correctly.

      As a final step, 5% of the polling stations are randomly selected the week after the election and votes are manually re-counted using the paper trail. This is done in the presence of monitors from the different parties. This is the second time this system is used. The first time the audit of the 5% of the polling stations showed no differences.

      I think there is a bit of exaggeration on these reports since even if the software is vulnerable, the system as a whole can be verified. The police raids can be explained since some of these "researchers" made available a list of all the employees of the company supplying the voting machines including phone numbers and addresses in an attempt to prove the incompetence of that company

    13. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      With paper and pen, it's easy. You can nominate anyone to work as an election monitor. The necessary qualification is "being able to find out where the X marks the spot" and "count". That's a skill set available to nearly everyone.

      Working as an election monitor to rule out foul play with election machines requires someone to know quite a bit about computers. It's anything BUT simple to rule out foul play.

      That didn't help in Florida, neither side liked how the recounts were going so they bypassed the entire legal procedure and got the Supreme Court to basically flip a coin. It's easier in places like Argentina where the election monitor just "disappears" during the night and no one consideres that strange (unless they want to disappear too).

    14. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by fgouget · · Score: 1

      Who signs the envelope? You make it sound like every voter has to manually sign his own vote with his name. That would totally destroy voter secrecy!

    15. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by fgouget · · Score: 2

      They (supposedly) didn't have enough ballots to go around, and thus polling places were closing hours ahead of schedule, with the reason given by the Registrar of Voters as "We didn't have enough ballots for everyone to be able to vote".

      That's really a trivial problem to solve and the fact that it occurred means the election officials were criminally incompetent which is now obvious for all to see. In contrast detecting hacks in voting computers is close to impossible, proving them harder still and preventing them while maintaining transparency downright impossible.

    16. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The officials at the voting table sign the envelopes. Whenever they sign envelopes, they must sign a batch of them with the same pen and with the same amount of signatures (one official, two officials, three officials, etc), so that it's not possible to identify a specific voter by the signatures on their envelope (I think there's a minimum of 8 or so).

      This is how the vote in Argentina has worked for many many years. This doesn't mean that it's impossible to fraud it. Voting table officials need to be careful of always looking when an envelope is put in the voting box, that it contains the signatures. If it doesn't, the person may take the signed envelope away and use it to create a chain of bought votes (i.e. give the signed closed envelope with the selected candidate already inside to someone voting at the same table, and ask them to give them back an open signed envelope on their way back in exchange for money).

      With this new system, there's no envelope because all voting ballots look basically the same, they are just folded so that the printed name of the person receiving the vote is not visible. This prevents the old type of buying votes, but there's already a video of how it's still possible to do the same via using a device that verifies that the information in the RFID matches what you want the voters to vote (this could be a full smartphone or a device that does just that).

      The good thing about this system is that it can still be counted by reading the information on the ballots. But we need to hope that everybody looks at what the machine printed on their ballot before folding it AND that the table officials actually verify that what the RFID machine says is the same as what their manual counting says...

      The RFID part baffles me. A QR or good old bar code would have been enough for speeding up counting. Why an RFID? It adds significant costs to the whole equipment needed, for no apparent gain (at least to me). My only explanation is that the business selling the RFID equiment and supplies to the city government has cut some kind of 'deal' to make them choose this...

    17. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't know where you are from or how things play out in your country. In Argentina, if you care, you can be there for the whole voting process and for the counting. The main form of fraud is committed when there aren't enough election observers (in far remote towns where nobody cares to be an observer), so there's a high incentive on people volunteering for this, either for their party or just for the sake of democracy.

      This is harder if the vote is really electronic. For the case of this election, where the vote is also printed, I sincerely hope that all election observers will push for using manual counting (using the electronic counting as a verifier that you counted correctly). But if there's no printed paper, there's NO WAY of auditing what goes on.

    18. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      Again. The problem is not whether or not manipulation takes place. The problem is that someone can cry foul and there is no way to convince the computer unsavvy that he's full of shit.

      You can verify your vote with some device not under your control. That alone gives room for doubt.

      Political processes are complicated and intricate. That's already plenty of room for people wanting to claim that politics is all shenanigans and foul play because it's so complicated that most people don't understand it and rather follow someone claiming to understand it.

      Voting, at least so far, is something rather simple. Take a sheet of paper, make a mark, toss it in a big box, then count the slips with the same marks when everyone tossed his paper into the box. That's simple enough that people understand it and that they trust such a system. Anything making the process more complex makes it easier for people wanting to create doubt in the process.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    19. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      Well, in a democracy a court could not just decide an election, so that example is not really a good one.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    20. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The problem is that the paper trail is mostly a "feel good" feature. Votes are counted with the machines by reading the data on the NFC chip embedded in the paper ballot, and doctored ballots can produce doctored results for a voting place due to bugs in the machine and lack of trivial validation (you can for instance vote more than one time for a candidate, with a single ballot). Rewriting the NFC chip in the ballot is trivially done with a smartphone anyone could have on their pocket, so the fraud possibility is real and not just a theoretical attack.

    21. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by grc · · Score: 2

      RFID makes it a less likely that a party can print their own ballots. Also, the ballots have two cut-away pieces. The first one is cut off when the voting authority hands you the blank ballot. They keep it. The second one gets cut off just before you place the vote in the urn. They are physically placed one next to each other. They have printed symbols on them which must match up, or they don't let you place the ballot in the urn. This also prevents parties from printing and handing out pre-filled ballots.

    22. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by Agripa · · Score: 1

      Having watched how vote counting and election monitoring works in SoCal while doing security, I have to say that your trust is misplaced. There are "official" ways to alter the count including not even counting anything except Republican and Democratic Party votes while ignoring the rest or having an election working "accidentally" take boxes of votes home which will be counted later.

    23. Re:The inherent problem with electronic voting by KGIII · · Score: 1

      A Democracy could concede the right to judges to allow them to arbitrate elections if they wanted. They would still be a democracy just a Representative Democracy. Not that this means what happened in the US, Florida to be specific, was legal or anything. I am simply pointing out that they *could* democratically give up the right to a direct election (or an electoral college) and still be a democracy. It would be insanely stupid of them to give up that right but, then again, Hitler was democratically elected and was expected to get rid of elections in the future, which he did.

      --
      "So long and thanks for all the fish."
  13. Re:The elections are not "next week". It's tomorro by KiloByte · · Score: 1

    "week end". At least in English-speaking world, Sunday is the last day.

    --
    The creatures outside looked from Alt-Right to Antifa; but already it was impossible to say which was which.
  14. Re: The elections are not "next week". It's tomorr by Z00L00K · · Score: 1

    Not everywhere, in some parts of the world Monday is the first day of the week.

    --
    If builders built buildings the way programmers wrote programs, then the first woodpecker would destroy civilization.
  15. Election needs to be voided by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    If they (one man even!) can trivially create votes anyway they want, the election needs to be voided, and delayed a month while they get their paper election together,

    The security researcher was right to expose the flaw, and seizing his equipment to shut him up does not make the flaw go away.

    In Russia, when Putin lost the last election, the last few districts to report were insanely PRO-Putin with HUGE- turnouts, in other words he didn't rig the election enough to win it and had to do some major rigging at the end to even stay in power. Even to the extent that districts that had already reported, then re-reported a different result the next morning. It was blatant, he did not win the election, but he held enough to rig the election.

    After that, he became another dictator, he cannot yield power or this shit will all fly back at him.

    With this voting system, he could have done that change in a much more realistic way, with no evidence trail to hide. So this election needs to be voided, because if a leader rigs this election, he will become a dictator rather than permit an unrigged election in future.

  16. All just anti-socialist fear mongering by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's obvious that these reports are exaggerations by a press trying to embarrass the leftist government of Argentina.

    The government is just doing what it must to protect the people and to ensure elections are carried out according to the people's will.

    Citizens that threaten the people's rights must be dealt with firmly.

    1. Re:All just anti-socialist fear mongering by Zontar+The+Mindless · · Score: 1

      Thanks for sharing. Don't spend the 50 centavos all in one place.

      --
      Il n'y a pas de Planet B.
    2. Re: All just anti-socialist fear mongering by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sorry buddy, but this LOCAL election is organized by the opposition party that rules in the capital city of Buenos Aires (that some call "the right"). All politicians s*ck, at all levels, in all parties.

    3. Re: All just anti-socialist fear mongering by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      s/socialist/capitalist/g
      The government involved is ruled by the right wing.

  17. Re:E-Voting is for cows. by Zontar+The+Mindless · · Score: 1, Offtopic

    Sorry, for this article, it needs to be "Todos de Uds. son vacas. Vacas dicen mú. MÚÚÚÚÚ! MÚÚÚÚÚ! Mú dicen las vacas. UDS. SON VACAS!!"

    --
    Il n'y a pas de Planet B.
  18. Re: The elections are not "next week". It's tomorr by Zontar+The+Mindless · · Score: 1

    If you work in my org, the first day of the week is Thursday.

    --
    Il n'y a pas de Planet B.
  19. The E-Voting is not really an E-Voting System by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The vote system is like an kiosk were you made your personal cards but instead of printing 100 copy of your card you print your ballot. And then place it in the old classic ballot box. The machine doesn't store any important information, only statistics. Then when the vote is over, they open the ballot box, count the votes by hand, and communicates to a central points they result. The traditional way was by mail and by other way (phone, email, etc) to speed up the information. But only the mailed is the legal. They are now trying to replace the mail with electronic transfer and here is were the problem that the article talks about happens.

    1. Re:The E-Voting is not really an E-Voting System by grc · · Score: 2

      Not entirely true. The system works by printing the ballot and writing the data to a chip on the ballot. When voting is over, all the chips are scanned and the results sent to a central location. The system allows the voter to both read what got printed on the ballot and scan the chip and see the results on-screen again.
      There is one machine per voting place (school) that is use to transfer the results from all the voting machines at that school to the central DB. The SSL keys from all of these machines where "found" at a machine controlled by Magic Software Argentina because it was misconfigured.
      Most of the source code for the voting machine was also posted anonymously on SourceForge some days ago. It wasn't the latest version according to MSA, but pretty new none the less.

  20. Re: E-Voting is for cows. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Zontar, you crack me up.

  21. JEWS got found out yet again... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Who do you think is behind this 'electronic voting' bullshit? Why, the eternal JEW, the nation-wreckers, the money lenders...

  22. Re: The elections are not "next week". It's tomorr by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Sunday is the first day, just look at your calendar.

  23. Re:The elections are not "next week". It's tomorro by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Not in New Zealand, and last I checked, we spoke English.

  24. A lesson here for anyone willing to listen by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Don't piss off powerful men.

  25. Re: E-Voting is for cows. by Zontar+The+Mindless · · Score: 1

    No fucking inverted interrogation or exclamation points.

    Further proof that Slashdot is indeed mired in 1997 or thereabouts.

    --
    Il n'y a pas de Planet B.