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UK Researchers Developing Influenza-Resistant Birds

New submitter ravensmith0821 writes: UK researchers are working on disease-resistant chickens, adding a gene to eggs before they hatch that renders the bird less susceptible to avian influenza. Reuters reports: "Their research, which has been backed by the UK government and top chicken companies, could potentially prevent repeats of this year's wipeout: 48 million chickens and turkeys killed because of the disease since December in the United States alone. But these promising chickens - injected with a fluorescent protein to distinguish them from normal birds in experiments - won't likely gatecrash their way into poultry production any time soon. Health regulators around the world have yet to approve any animals bred as genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for use in food because of long-standing safety and environmental concerns."

54 comments

  1. Re:UK researchers have a 9 step process to rid us by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Sir, I am genuinly curious as to how much money your country of origin allocates to you monthly for your disability. Please reply, preferably in poetry and/or ASCII art.

  2. One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by Opportunist · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I mean, ok, with many other genes we introduce to organisms, there's a reason this won't be part of a genetic makeup developed by natural selection. There is no reason for bacteria to produce insulin, that's something we want them to do, that has no benefit for the bacteria themselves. And a terminator gene that ensures its seeds won't germinate is certainly nothing that would survive long in nature, it's something seed manufacturers want to ensure their customers come back and buy more instead of setting aside some for next year.

    But why wouldn't such a gene that allows a species to be resistant against something detrimental to its health develop naturally? One should assume that such a gene should already be part of their genetic makeup. Such individuals would have a significant advantage over others who die from the bird flu.

    One really has to wonder what the drawback of having that gene is...

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    1. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by dunkelfalke · · Score: 1

      Why not vaccinating poultry in first place?

      --
      "It's such a fine line between stupid and clever" -- David St. Hubbins, Spinal Tap
    2. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

      There likely is no drawback.

      The reason it has no immunity to it is due to the way flu viruses work.
      Their genome is highly unstable, large clumps of it switching around all the time.
      Successful strains thrive, the (mostly) unsuccessful ones die in the host it infected.
      It likely also means that the genome itself is fairly new, evolution-speaking. Or it simply is too random and unpredictable for the body to mount a defence yet.
      Evolution is pretty slow, after all.

      We still don't know for sure if there are people out there that are immune to them. Or classes of them.
      We only just found out recently that there were people immune to large classes of retroviruses like HIV. (which seemed to have developed back in the days of the black plague that wiped out so many people)
      Those people were used to develop the first possible treatment (which was tested and partially succeeded) for HIV.
      The same methodology was also used to treat HPV which is a pretty large case of causing cancer in females, one of the most successful treatments against an oncovirus to date as far as I know. The adverse reactions to it were also fairly low from what I know.
      It is also being used to look at other cancers and using viruses to help create immunity to them.
      Exciting times for cancer research due to this breakthrough in immune research.

      Also, don't forget our seedless fruits. They are pretty self-defeating too.
      But damn do I love seedless grapes. Fuck seeds.

    3. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by Harlequin80 · · Score: 2

      The conclusion you have come to is logical but it is also flawed in the concept of evolution. For a gene to evolve to be dominant it needs to give the carriers such a competitive advantage that those that don't carry it die out. Resistance to avian flu would only do that if avian flu was that common that it regularly decimated a population. In reality that gene will exist in the current chicken population but the prevalence of it will be low.

    4. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by Harlequin80 · · Score: 1

      Cost probably. Meat chickens are slaughtered between 30 and 60 days of age. When you consider that according to the British Poultry Organisation that in 2013 the English used 870 million domestically raised birds and about 400 million imported the cost of vaccinating, even at a cents per bird cost, would be huge.

    5. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by Chikungunya · · Score: 1

      Another reason not yet mentioned is that every adaptation is a trade off, and becomes a path that is easier to follow than beginning a new one in order to have the same advantage, chickens have a very well developed innate immunity (interferon, citoquines, etc) as well as a secondary immunity in the form of antibodies against viruses, unfortunately is not very effective against influenza. Nevertheless from the evolutionary point of view trying to improve those mechanisms of defense is much less resource intensive than beginning a new one based on genes (decoys in this case, or also interference RNA to give another example) Insects for example have the exact opposite problem since they have the direct gene based defense instead of the antibody based one.

    6. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "One really has to wonder what the drawback of having that gene is..."
      They will no longer taste like chicken.

    7. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by swb · · Score: 3, Informative

      How historically widespread is avian flu? Is it something that has existed in nature and been a risk in regions where chickens are raised for food? If avian flu is a new phenomenon or wasn't very common, then why would you expect resistence to it to have developed already?

      I think the other problem is that the current industrial farming paradigm for chickens has probably reduced the genetic diversity of chickens a lot. It may be that over the last 50 years that intensive selective breeding for weight or egg production or whatever the industrial attributes used for chicken farming may have accidentally bred out resistence to all manner of diseases while selecting for other qualities.

      Geographic dispersion of chicken husbandry may also have limited its spread as well as produced enough minor genetic diversity that a virulent strain of the virus couldn't get established.

      It's also possible that chickens breed fast enough that reproduction is a kind of resistence to it. If you can reproduce at fast enough rate, you might produce offspring with natural resistence to prevelant strains of influenza and these birds would grow to dominate.

      Influenza also seems to be one of those viruses that mutates enough that natural resistence is difficult to develop in suceptable mammals for all variants of it.

    8. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by jabuzz · · Score: 2

      British chickens and turkeys have been routinely vaccinated against salmonella for many years now. So much so that almost all salmonella cases in the U.K. can now be traced to meat and eggs that originated outside the U.K.

      My personal view (and I am personally committed to the E.U.) is that George Eustice MP, should get of his lazy backside march over to Brussels and demand the introduction of E.U. wide salmonella vaccination of chickens and turkeys otherwise he is going to ban all imports of non vaccinated products into the U.K. on public safety grounds.

    9. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

      "The fact that some Republican corporation made it is what makes it dangerous "

      Does this means that liberals will refuse to eat disease-resistant "Frnkenchickens", while chowing down on infected birds?

      We can all dream, can't we?

    10. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ..and let's not forget what happens when the influenza virus adopts to those changes (which it most definitely will over time). There will be an resistance resistant bug on the loose that is likely to cross over to humans, who don't have the benefit of having the influenza-resistant gene. Humans, at least the ones on the planet now, would likely be in trouble.

    11. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I can second this. Some of our birds, in hindsight, probably had bird flu, and none of them died. None of them are commercial breeds. I've seen articles about how much the breeding for most eggs/feed or weight/feed has reduced their resistance to pretty much everything. Everyone is freaking out because it's the commercial places with a ton of particularly susceptible birds practically pooping on each other that get waves of death, and with the original bird flu scare...

    12. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by luis_a_espinal · · Score: 1

      I wonder why we don't have a gene that protects us from Anthrax or the HSV-* class of viruses.

    13. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'd rather the odd case of salmonella then give a bunch of bureaucrats that kind of control and power.

    14. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by Anonymous+Cow+Ward · · Score: 1

      There probably isn't a huge drawback to the gene. Evolution is constrained by what it has to work with, and the flu goes through generations faster than chickens do, so it can change faster. I mean, people still die from the flu and other diseases specifically for that reason. It's also why we have an adaptive immune system rather than hard-coding antibodies against pathogens. There's a good chance this will work for a little while and then become significantly less effective over time.

      --
      Examine even your most deeply held beliefs. Nobody is always right.
    15. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by wyHunter · · Score: 1

      The only Republicans in Britain are those who want to abolish the monarchy. Methinks thou art an i diot.

    16. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by Harlequin80 · · Score: 1

      It is only the egg producing chickens that are vaccinated for salmonella. Also while it was a legislative requirement at one stage to get UK birds vaccinated it no longer is and instead is an industry code of practice. So it would be a hard one for George to push.

      As a general rule breeder and pullet flocks are vaccinated for a variety of diseases as they are kept for a much longer period than meat chickens. That said there is a mandatory requirement for all chickens to be vaccinated for Newcastle Disease which goes across to meat chickens as well and has to be done between age 17 & 20 days.

      But I think it still comes down to cost. Salmonella had a huge public health cost that was far wider reaching than just the poultry industry. Avian Flu is more likely just to decimate the animal herd rather than cross to the human population. There is also the question of whether it can be easily vaccinated for as there doesn't appear to be an effective vaccine.

      Add to that that vaccinating chickens past the legal requirement means they lose organic status as well.

    17. Re:One has to wonder why they don't have that gene by Agripa · · Score: 1

      But why wouldn't such a gene that allows a species to be resistant against something detrimental to its health develop naturally?

      I have always wanted to use this answer: because ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.

      Evolution proceeds with small changes to existing genes and you do not get spontaneous generation of completely new genes. One reason for this is that there are many more ways to get a gene wrong than right. So while there may be a gene in a species which would provide a significant advantage, a different species may not be able to evolve it because it lacks a gene similar enough to evolve from or the intermediate steps from an existing similar gene to another may be less fit than the existing similar gene. Evolution can get "hung up" on local fitness maxima.

  3. Evolution ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Would not a bird resistant to influenza actually select for influenza strain which can contaminate those bird and be more ferocious for those bird NOT resistant ?

    1. Re:Evolution ? by Coisiche · · Score: 1

      That was my thought. Common or garden avian flu has been associated with some human deaths. If any avians engineered to be resistant to that succumb to a virulent new strain then that could be fun.

      When I say fun, I mean for the alien archaeologists piecing together what wiped out a civilisation.

  4. go vegan. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Smoother problem solved if only humans weren't so fat and angry.

  5. Hey! by Black+Parrot · · Score: 2

    That settles it: the egg story came before the chicken story.

    --
    Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    1. Re:Hey! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That debate was settled by the Catholics many centuries ago. To paraphrase:

      "God layed an egg. That egg hatched one day, and, so was born the first chicken. The 'Holy Mother of all Poultry', as she was then known, soon became significant although, alas, her story has mostly been lots to the annals of history...

      Being the first (and only) of her kind, the 'First Lay of the Heavenly Hen' was significant, as it meant that she was the Virgin Mother of all poultry. Her legacy continues to the modern day, in the form of nuggets, breast fillets and KFC burgers.

      It is believed by some of the Pöúltré religious cult, that the great mother hen shall return to Earth in the near future. She is said to hold the power of God's wrath within her mighty beak. She shall return with upon the foul-rapture to reclaim the worth souls of chicken-kind everywhere. It is then believed she will take revenge, in the name of God, upon mankind for their abuse of poultry.

      She shall spare the Catholics as the Pope is secretly incubating her only earth destined child, under his big funny white hat. The Earthly Chook, her only Chick, and the Saviour of all chicken kind, has come to teach all of foul origins, regardless of species, colour or egg shape.

      She shall be born again, raised in a battery cage, rise up, only to suffer a terrible sacrifice (crucification) at the hands of the hairless apes that seek to devour her flesh, her menstrual deposits (eggs), and seeks likewise for that of her kind"

  6. Re:UK researchers have a 9 step process to rid us by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Well that's exactly what I feared when GP asked for a poem: no one needs to be reminded that Vogon poetry is only the third worst poetry in the Universe.

  7. autism as side-effect? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Will that gene also cause autism in the birds?

    1. Re:autism as side-effect? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well, except for a few dozen ducks, one or two road runners and some other individuals of other species I can't exactly remember right now, I have to admit that it seems there is already a lot of autistic birds out there.

  8. Feminism by Chrisq · · Score: 1, Funny

    UK Researchers Developing Influenza-Resistant Birds

    But why concentrate on the women when "man flu" is the real problem?

    1. Re:Feminism by Barsteward · · Score: 1

      "man flu" is not infectious... i think...

      --
      "The hands that help are better far than lips that pray." - Robert Ingersoll (1833-1899)
  9. Republicans indeed are extremely dumb ! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    They are so dumb that they think they are Democrats!!

  10. The ancestors of modern day chickens were from... by Taco+Cowboy · · Score: 2

    ... India

    They were / are called "Red Junglefowl", - Gallus gallus, - a tropical member of the Phasianidae family

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

    While there _are_ influenza in the Tropics, it does not occur so often

    That is why chicken have yet the chance to develop that counter-influenza gene

    --
    Muchas Gracias, Señor Edward Snowden !
  11. Well by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I, for one, welcome our new avian overlords.

    1. Re:Well by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Errr.. in soviet Russia, avian overlords welcome you?

  12. Don't forget the Ostriches ! by Taco+Cowboy · · Score: 1

    They like to bury their heads in the sand, and if that's not a sure sign of autism, I dunno what the hell it is!

    --
    Muchas Gracias, Señor Edward Snowden !
    1. Re:Don't forget the Ostriches ! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Therefore by your definition, we humans suffer from a metaphorical form of autism.
      Though unexpected I find that conclusion accurate enough.

  13. Need thorough research for GMO by amykramerr · · Score: 1

    Experimenting on poultry livestock to become more resistant from diseases needs thorough research if this will have some effects the public consumers. We can't just eat anything we don't know especially if it genetically engineered. I am Amy, and I write for e cigarettes reviews blog.

  14. gross by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So we're engineering healthier chickens so we can just kill them. How about we just stop eating the poor things

    1. Re:gross by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      spot the vegetarian

  15. Yay! Super viral/bacteria incubators! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I for one welcome our new super strain!

  16. Let the anti-GMO Luddites starve first by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We either need to ease the strain on the ecosystem by a couple billion human mouths to feed or embrace GMO as the savior of our species.

  17. Won't this encourage bird flu to get stronger? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    if the normal everyday bird flu is mostly resisted, won't that create evolutionary pressure which is likely to favor the strains which are best at overcoming resistance? And so we could get stronger, more infectious Bird Flus? which might be better also at crossing the gap from avians to mammals?

    I dunno, this one just seems like shooting ourselves in the feet...

  18. Planet of The Chickens by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Enough said. Prepare yourselves!

  19. Good by luis_a_espinal · · Score: 4, Interesting

    UK researchers are working on disease-resistant chickens, adding a gene to eggs before they hatch that renders the bird less susceptible to avian influenza.

    Good. I remember growing up in Honduras where most people in the cities, out of necessity raise their own poultry, my family included. On the country side it is obvious, but not so in the cities, in the poor neighborhoods unless you live in them.

    And every awful year, around August, an avian flu would just move across the region, and bro, poultry would die by the thousands. Industrial-level farms would survive it given that their animals were isolated. Poor people in isolated villages would also fare well with their poultry animals.

    But subsistence urban farmers like us, that pestilence would just kill our animals, our only source of affordable meat and eggs. We tried everything - immunization, injection of vitamins prior to the expected pestilence, covering the pens, the floors and walls with ash and limestone (very powerful antiseptic.) Nothing,nothing will work.

    Animals would die by the thousands, thousands and thousands, and we had nothing left to do but to burning the carcasses in pits.

    After many years, we had an epiphany and we started raising Muscovy ducks which are resilient to this pestilence. We had to make adjustments in our little backyard for the animals, but it worked well. When the next round of influenza came, our house was the only one with standing, aliven-n-kicking poultry.

    After that, everyone who could spare the extra space needed for ducks caught on the the idea and made the switch.

    So, although we were able to adapt, many cannot for a variety of reasons. Avian flu has a cost, and a very hard one for poor people in developing countries.

    People in the 1st world sometimes ignore these nuisances and forget that experiments like this can make the difference between children eating an egg a day or just eating boiled millet.

    I can understand the preoccupation with altering the environment, but me, knowing what it is like to grow poor and what it is like to spend days without eating any type of protein, I say to these scientists, go for it.

  20. What could possibly go wrong? by MarkvW · · Score: 1

    Unkillable incubators for the very worst kinds of influenza!

    What could go wrong?

  21. Fixed that for you by stevez67 · · Score: 2

    Health regulators around the world have yet to approve any animals bred as genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for use in food because of long-standing paranoia and social media misinformation campaigns."

  22. Re: UK researchers have a 9 step process to rid us by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'll never know the end of this story, and it saddens me.

  23. Go Forward, Not Backward by JimSadler · · Score: 1

    Every tiny little change in everything that we do always has some unintended consequences. And usually it is something that no one sees coming. So yes if we alter a gene in a chicken there is some element of risk. We can not know the long term consequences. But the opposite is also true. We do not know the unintended consequences of not altering that gene either. But saving 48 million food birds is important not only to the farmers but to the public as well. So like everything else in life we roll the dice a tiny bit. I'm sure that someone on the lunatic right will want to stomp about with protest signs over this huge non issue.