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How Some Creative Hacking Kept Skylab From Becoming Space Junk (hackaday.com)

szczys writes: Skylab was close to becoming space junk. You may remember it crashing back to earth as space junk but that was after it was used for several research missions. What you probably don't know is that the original concept was to build it from a spent upper rocket stage that is normally just junked after launch. The module that was sent up in place of a 3rd rocket stage was damaged during launch, making it unusable until some very creative repairs paved the way for manned missions. The damage included problems with thermal shielding that turned it into an oven — nearly cooking all materials and supplies inside — and damage to solar panels which put a big hit on the station's power budget. Creative solutions and astronaut tenacity when docking and performing EVAs are all that saved Skylab from being scrapped without ever being used.

69 comments

  1. it became space junk by turkeydance · · Score: 1

    it was space junk. it crashed as space junk.

    1. Re:it became space junk by Pseudonym · · Score: 1

      After it crashed, it was technically just junk. Or, according to the Shire of Esperance, litter.

      --
      sub f{($f)=@_;print"$f(q{$f});";}f(q{sub f{($f)=@_;print"$f(q{$f});";}f});
    2. Re:it became space junk by invictusvoyd · · Score: 1

      Solving the power problem would prove to be a little more on the hackish side. Telemetry indicated that the surviving array was jammed with debris, and a plan was hatched to conduct a âoestand-up EVAâ through the CSM hatch to clear the blockage. But tools would be needed, and nothing in NASAâ(TM)s tool crib fit the bill. Looking for inspiration, engineers from Marshall Spaceflight Center raided a local hardware store and found a pole-mounted tree pruner. A flurry of calls to local manufacturers resulted in selecting a cable cutter and a prying tool from a company manufacturing tools for, ironically enough, the power industry. The tools were quickly modified, mounted to a collapsible 3 m pole, and shipped to the Cape.

      The article is about things like this. Space is unforgiving . Things can and do happen. And at times it comes to "hacking the s**t out of space" .

    3. Re: it became space junk by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Every time something is fixed creatively they claim its hacking to drive hits to their web site. Let's use the correct terms.

    4. Re: it became space junk by Anonymice · · Score: 2

      Using a bit of creativity to fix something which can't be repaired or put together in a standard way, is exactly what "hacking" is. Both in the original hardware sense & in the software sense.
      See: "To hack something together"

  2. MIR by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Russians had MIR, which was way more advanced. Skylab really did look like space junk in retrospect.

    1. Re:MIR by bws111 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Mir was launched 13 years after Skylab. Big surprise it was more advanced.

    2. Re:MIR by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      MIR was leaking oxygen and had several fires. Most of MIR was completely uninhabitable for most of its life.

    3. Re:MIR by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      MIR had a fire which basically disabled most of the station.

    4. Re:MIR by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 3, Informative

      MIR was leaking oxygen and had several fires. Most of MIR was completely uninhabitable for most of its life.

      Mir was occupied by humans for 12.5 years out of it's 15 year life.

      It was designed for a 5 year lifespan, which was extended by 10 years. While in orbit, Mir suffered some mishaps, and it was an old and dilapidated beast in the end, but as successes go, it was one hell of a good one.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    5. Re:MIR by The+Grim+Reefer · · Score: 5, Informative

      Mir was launched 13 years after Skylab. Big surprise it was more advanced.

      Why let facts get in the way of America bashing?

      The Soviet Union launched four space stations, starting in 1971, before Skylab went up in 1973 (not including prototypes and tests). Of course Skylab spent more time in orbit than the first five Salyut stations, Komos 557, and DOS-2 stations combined. And it wasn't until Salyut 7 (launched in 1982) before they kept a station in orbit for a longer period. Stupid piece of junk Skylab

      Skylab had a puny 360 sq meters of pressurized volume. Until Mir, the largest pressurized volume in a Soviet space station was 100 sq. meters. But Mir dwarfed Skylab with it's 350 sq. meters of pressurized volume. Oh, wait. Crappy American space station.

      I read about the reason, on the net, why America gave up on Skylab-B. Apparently they couldn't get the time machine working to get Pentium processors for the computers before Mir was launched. True story.

    6. Re:MIR by dbIII · · Score: 1

      Why let facts get in the way of America bashing?

      It's really just Nixon bashing for cutting the NASA budget, no need to be so thin skinned.

      The incredibly stupid thing is there were enough bits of Saturn V to run missions to keep the thing up for quite a few more years but no budget to use them for anything other than extremely expensive museum exhibits.

    7. Re:MIR by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Would you use a Saturn V just to get to/reposition Skylab? I don't know enough about space systems, but I would think if there were extra Saturn V parts lying around you would save them for something more substantial?

      ??

    8. Re:MIR by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Um, how do you measure volume in *square* metres? Something sure is crappy here...

    9. Re:MIR by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why let facts get in the way of America bashing?

      It's really just Nixon bashing for cutting the NASA budget, no need to be so thin skinned.

      The incredibly stupid thing is there were enough bits of Saturn V to run missions to keep the thing up for quite a few more years but no budget to use them for anything other than extremely expensive museum exhibits.

      If I was in charge of NASA, I would have hoarded all the Saturn V parts, and kept them under lock and key.

    10. Re:MIR by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      it's means it is

    11. Re:MIR by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well, if the volume is zero...

    12. Re:MIR by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      it's means it is

      it's is a possessive. Mir possesed it's 15 year life.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    13. Re:MIR by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Pronouns don't use apostrophes to form possessives.

      Wherever you see "it's", say aloud "it is", and if the resulting sentence makes sense, then you're good.

      For example, "Mir possessed it is life", makes no sense. No apostrophe.

      This is so simple yet so many people screw it up.

  3. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by Harlequin80 · · Score: 3, Informative

    No it didn't. Nobody was hurt by Skylab debris. It landed in the middle of nowhere, specifically the Great Australian Desert. Yes the esperence council fined NASA for littering but it was done as a publicity stunt and it was NEVER paid by NASA. It was paid by funds raised by a radio show host in 2009.

  4. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    NASA had to pay a big fine for this, but because of some very old tribal laws (it landed in aboriginal land), it was paid with something like four gold coins?

    The US still pays for the "rent" of Guantanamo bay with a check equivalent to something like five gold Coins. Every year, Castro rips up the check and sends it back to the US. I think Theodore Roosevelt negotiated the original deal for Gitmo.

  5. Re: Debris killed girl in Austrailia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Th Treaty of Paris (1898) was actually negotiated byWilliam R. Day, chairman, a former U.S. Secretary of State who had resigned from his cabinet position to lead the United States Peace Commission
    William P. Frye, a Senator from Maine
    Cushman Kellogg Davis, a Senator from Minnesota
    George Gray, a Senator from Delaware
    Whitelaw Reid, a former diplomat and a former Vice Presidential nominee

  6. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The checks are in his desk drawer; he just hasn't cashed most of them. He wrote that they mistakenly cashed one in 1959.

    http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/08/17/idUSN17200921

  7. I remember Skylab crashing down by slasher999 · · Score: 1

    At the time I was about 9 I suppose. I recorded the live news coverage of the event from TV on a cassette recorder. It was a pretty big deal. No 24 hour news channels at the time. All three of our channels were covering the crash down live preempting all of the normal daily shows.

    1. Re:I remember Skylab crashing down by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, I remember it too. I was all mad when I didn't get a free taco.

  8. Skylab by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    For the time, Skylab was a success. Remember what you are talking about - In orbit, habitable zone. Back when a modern watch has far more processing power than a super computer of that generation. It was still an extremely risky, challenging proposition.

  9. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The girl was hit in the head by a hydrazine tank and was put into a coma she never recovered from.

    The US was required to pay something like 14 gold coins per year in restitution which they never did until around 2009/10 when NASA finally setting the case.

  10. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Falling hydrazine tanks??? Gold coins??

    You're fucking insane.

  11. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    No it didn't. Nobody was hurt by Skylab debris. It landed in the middle of nowhere, specifically the Great Australian Desert. Yes the esperence council fined NASA for littering but it was done as a publicity stunt and it was NEVER paid by NASA. It was paid by funds raised by a radio show host in 2009.

    The girl, her injuries, coma, and subsequent death, are all matters of the public
    record.

    Why do we have people like Harlequin80 whose sole purpose is to stir shit... And none of you tucking moderators have the balls to call his shit, you are an even bigger problem than he is.

  12. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by OzPeter · · Score: 1

    The girl, her injuries, coma, and subsequent death, are all matters of the public
    record.

    Citation please

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    I am Slashdot. Are you Slashdot as well?
  13. Gold coins by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    US had to pay something like 20 gold coins to AUS, because oxygen tank landed on girls head.

    1. Re:Gold coins by desdinova+216 · · Score: 1

      Citation needed, couldn't find anything via google or wikipedia.

  14. Debris fell in Austrailia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    And someone got nailed with a gas tank. Australia tried to charge NASA with littering, but NASA told Australia where to stick it.

    1. Re: Debris fell in Austrailia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Aussie broads don't need a head, just like all the other Ozholes out of Oz.

  15. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by rickb928 · · Score: 1

    Ditto. A quick search reveals debris landed near Esperance, Australia, but no mention of anyone being injured.

    I doubt anyone was. Newsweek reported people went to the town of Balladonia, but no mention of anyone being injured by falling debris.

    Bravo Sierra

    --
    deleting the extra space after periods so i can stay relevant, yeah.
  16. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by rickb928 · · Score: 1

    Total BS. Pull the drapes together when you leave your mom's basement to take your yearly shower.

    Which is a waste of time. She isn't going to be at the Starbucks you agreed on. More for you to spend on that Christmas gift card.

    --
    deleting the extra space after periods so i can stay relevant, yeah.
  17. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by BradleyUffner · · Score: 1

    It was actually a toilet seat, they made a whole documentary TV show and movie about it. It had some pretty funny parts.

  18. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What drugs are you on so I can avoid them?

  19. RIP Sally by captjc · · Score: 3

    Well she was walking all alone
    Down the street in the alley
    Her name was Sally
    I never touched her, she never saw it

    When she was hit by space junk
    When she was smashed by space junk
    When she was killed by space junk

    "In New York, Miami beach
    Heavy metal fell in Cuba
    Angola, Saudi Arabia
    On Christmas eve", said Norad

    A soviet sputnik hit Africa
    India, Venezuela, in Texas, Kansas
    It's falling fast Peru too
    It keeps coming, it keeps coming, it keeps coming

    And now I'm mad about space junk
    I'm all burned out about space junk
    Walk and talk about space junk
    It smashed my baby's head, space junk
    And now my sally's dead, space junk

    --
    Slow Down Cowboy! It's been 1 hour, 47 minutes since you last successfully posted a comment
  20. RIP Sally by captjc · · Score: 1

    Well she was walking all alone
    Down the street in the alley
    Her name was Sally
    I never touched her, she never saw it

    When she was hit by space junk
    When she was smashed by space junk
    When she was killed by space junk

    And now I'm mad about space junk
    I'm all burned out about space junk
    Walk and talk about space junk
    It smashed my baby's head, space junk
    And now my sally's dead, space junk

    --
    Slow Down Cowboy! It's been 1 hour, 47 minutes since you last successfully posted a comment
  21. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by oddaddresstrap · · Score: 2

    As others noted, nobody was hurt.

    I worked on the Teleoperator Retrieval System (TRS) which was a small booster with an Apollo docking ring that an astronaut would remotely pilot from the Shuttle. The docking ring was supposed to clamp onto the Skylab docking port and then the booster would either push Skylab to a higher orbit or perform a controlled de-orbit. It was initially scheduled to fly on the 5th Shuttle. Then as the Shuttle main engines were being debugged at Stennis, it was scheduled for the 4th, the 3rd, the 2nd, the 1st and then it was, "Incoming!".

    The uncontrolled reentry was pretty much a non-event except that it took a while to find any debris.

  22. Pete Conrad saved Skylab by AJWM · · Score: 1

    Sure, he had a lot of help, but he was the person who physically heaved on one of the stuck solar panels until it deployed.

    I once had the opportunity to speak with Conrad for a couple of hours during breakout time at a meeting we were both at. He's probably better known for the Apollo 12 mission, where he set down the LM a short walk from the Surveyor 3 which had landed on the Moon a couple of years prior. To me, especially at the time, that was a more significant achievement than Aldrin and Armstrong's -- Apollo 11 would have been a success if it had landed anywhere on the Moon and returned safely, but Apollo 12 proved that pinpoint landings were possible, something essential to setting up long term lunar bases. ( *sigh* )

    I asked Pete what space accomplishment he was most proud of, and he explained that he was most proud of what he'd done to help save Skylab, both for his mission and the two other missions which followed. (I though his remote piloting of DC-X was pretty cool too, and he didn't want to talk about his brief role as himself in the made for TV movie Plymouth set on a lunar colony.)

    Somewhere around I have a piece (about an inch square) of Skylab which survived reentry. No, dang it, I didn't ask Pete to autograph it.

    --
    -- Alastair
  23. I processed some Skylab data by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Back in my misspent youth, when I was cutting my hacking teeth, I processed some Skylab multispectral scanner data.

    The scanner at first seemed an oddball: Instead of sweeping crossrange while the lab orbited, it swept in a cone-shaped fan somewhat forward of the flight path.

    "Why?" you may ask. (I did, too.) Because that way the line-of-sight always passed through the same amount of atmosphere at the same angle from zenith (though at different angles to the sun - which you'd have gotten anyway, though differently). This equalized the absorption, and thus the spectral distortion, of the light from pixels at different distances from the flight track. Very cute.

    It also made the scan artifacts on the geometry-corrected output into a series of arcs. Very odd looking.

    --
    Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
  24. Wow.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This thread is the complete embodiment of the crazy train.

    Choo, choo!!! All aboard!!!

  25. Australia complaint to UN by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Australia complained to the UN regarding the crash, and because of tribal laws, the US actually has to pay for the damages gold. I think the US finally settled the debt in 2010 after dragging their feet for something like 30 years.

    1. Re:Australia complaint to UN by Askmum · · Score: 1
      Get your facts straight. Just Google it. http://www.skymania.com/wp/200...

      NASA ignored it and local councillors decided to write it off. But with the 30th anniversary of the crash coming up, they erected billboards around Esperance reminding people of the outstanding debt. Now listeners to a US radio station have clubbed together to wipe the slate clean.

    2. Re:Australia complaint to UN by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'd like to see an additional source for that.

      AFAIK, the US has to pay Australia for the damages caused by Skylab with gold bars. When the space station re-entered, it killed a girl when an oxygen tank hit her on the head (the tank went right through the roof of her house and killed her instantly).

    3. Re:Australia complaint to UN by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It wasn't an oxygen tank, and it didn't go through a roof.

      It was actually an oxygen mask, and she was hit on the head and it was outdoors. Anything falling from that height is like a bullet, so it really doesn't matter what the victim was hit by. An oxygen mask falling from 80 miles up is just as dangerous as a metal tank.

    4. Re:Australia complaint to UN by fredgiblet · · Score: 1
    5. Re:Australia complaint to UN by fredgiblet · · Score: 1
  26. Use it or lose it by dbIII · · Score: 1

    If I was in charge of NASA, I would have hoarded all the Saturn V parts, and kept them under lock and key.

    Why? They are completely useless as launch vehicles without the people and infrastructure required to launch them. After a couple of years that was beyond easy recovery, after a few more beyond anything short of a major rebuild, now they are just a monument to what we used to be able to do.

    1. Re:Use it or lose it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just like those NK-33 sitting in some russian warehouse for 20 years?

    2. Re:Use it or lose it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We used to be able to build Pyramids too. So fucking what? Pyramids, like your precious space stations and Moon missions... are completely useless. They're just monuments, stunts.

      Big deal. Life is for the living, and this ancestor worship of old metal tubes filled with kerosene is a mental illness.

    3. Re: Use it or lose it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Life will soon be for the lucky few. For the rest, starvation and death.

    4. Re: Use it or lose it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Oh, you mean, just like it used to be, always has been, and is now?

    5. Re:Use it or lose it by dbIII · · Score: 1

      The people who know about those rockets are still employed in doing things with rockets of that type.
      I thought it would be obvious but maybe you are short of sleep or something so didn't fully comprehend what I had written.

  27. Re: Debris killed girl in Austrailia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That is over 2.4 million they should cash at some point.

  28. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The girl, her injuries, coma, and subsequent death, are all matters of the public
    record.

    Citation please

    Go back to wikipedia.

    For anyone actually interested, the state records office of WA has a wealth of information.

  29. Sigh by argStyopa · · Score: 1

    It's a fucking tech site; you'd think we could at least agree here that "hacking" is not the same thing as "repairing".

    And for God's sake, attaching a tool at the end of 3m pole to clear some debris isn't hacking in ANY sense.

    --
    -Styopa
  30. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by tekrat · · Score: 1

    Thank you for mentioning dear George Lass. That was seriously the best TV show I've ever watched.

    --
    If telephones are outlawed, then only outlaws will have telephones.
  31. Handshake in space! by cnaumann · · Score: 1

    Nixon's Handshake in Space was also a huge waste of good hardware!

  32. Letting it de-orbit by tekrat · · Score: 2

    We spend gazillions of dollars to build stuff, and then via neglect, let it burn up, essentially setting cash on fire. After more than 100 Billion, in 2020, we're going to essentially do the same thing to the ISS.

    We've followed the same pattern as Skylab -- we launch a space station, and then, because we don't have a working launch system, have no way to get to the thing, so we let it fall and burn up.

    After putting up Skylab, we ended Apollo. Then there was a huge delay getting the Shuttle to work, so, we let Skylab fall. There was talk about launching something to shove into a higher orbit, but those plans were nixed.

    Now we've got the ISS, and guess what, we ended the Shuttle and there's the same huge delay to get the next launch system working. So we're going to let the ISS fall and burn.

    It seems wasteful. You would think at least the solar panels or other equipment could be joined together or repurposed. If we can't tie together bits and pieces of things that are already in space, we will never learn to build anything significant in space.

    --
    If telephones are outlawed, then only outlaws will have telephones.
    1. Re:Letting it de-orbit by Coren22 · · Score: 1

      Due to micrometeor damage, there isn't much use to the items after the end of their life. I suppose we should boost the ISS to a higher orbit, if as nothing more than a museum, but it is just not worth keeping up there to continue using it.

      --
      APK likes to ask for responses to the same things over and over. Maybe he just likes the responses?
  33. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Go back to wikipedia.

    I just checked Wikipedia. The article about the incident says exactly this:
    "Anonymous Coward on Slashdot is a fucking moron who doesn't know what a Citation is or that Wikipedia is not a reference source."

    Of course, someone has probably reverted my edits by the time you read this, but it doesn't make it any less true.

  34. Re:Debris killed girl in Austrailia by dgatwood · · Score: 1

    And it was Mir, not Skylab. The accusation strikes of Russian propaganda, trying to blame an American space station for the death that their own space station caused. Shame on them. :-D

    --

    Check out my sci-fi/humor trilogy at PatriotsBooks.