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Landfall Nears For Strongest Hurricane In Recorded History (cnn.com)

An anonymous reader writes: Patricia — the strongest hurricane ever recorded — barreled closer and closer Friday to Mexico's Pacific coast, where residents have been told to brace for its 200-mph sustained winds and torrential rains. The early Friday central pressure recording of 880 millibars (the barometric pressure equivalent is 25.98 inches) "is the lowest for any tropical cyclone globally for over 30 years," according to the Met Office, Britain's weather service. One other thing alarming about Patricia is its rapid rise in intensity. It rated as a tropical storm early Thursday, but 24 hours later it had become a Category 5 hurricane. Among other effects, El Niño has contributed to ocean waters off Mexico being 2 to 3 degrees warmer than usual. "That warm water from El Niño probably just pushed this slightly over the edge to be the strongest storm on record," CNN's Myers said.

39 of 273 comments (clear)

  1. Time to add a category? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    Perhaps Cat 5 isn't enough anymore. Cat 6 has more twisters than Cat 5.

    1. Re:Time to add a category? by HornWumpus · · Score: 4, Funny

      Cat 5e.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
    2. Re:Time to add a category? by ooshna · · Score: 2

      :Insert joke comparing cat 5 and 6 cables here:

    3. Re:Time to add a category? by Fire_Wraith · · Score: 2

      The point isn't to translate the windspeed though - it's how much damage that windspeed does. Once you're at 155mph+, it's going to mess up any man-made structure to the point that the difference isn't really relevant. To cite one of the designers of the scale that these categories come from (the Saffir-Simpson scale), there is no point in having anything higher than Category 5, because the idea is to measure how much damage the storm can do to man-made structures. He stated: "...when you get up into winds in excess of 155 mph (249 km/h) you have enough damage if that extreme wind sustains itself for as much as six seconds on a building it's going to cause rupturing damages that are serious no matter how well it's engineered."

      Source: http://novalynx.com/store/pc/S...

  2. As expected by Chris+Johnson · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Science knows this would happen. Ever since we started unlocking the secrets of chaotic systems this has been well understood. Climate’s the biggest chaotic system there is.

    There is nothing weird about this at all. This is the new direction. Not the new normal because that implies they’re all going to be like this from now on. The reality’s worse.

    The new normal is for each new weather disaster to be ‘unprecedented and weird’ and it’s been happening for years already and not slowing down but speeding up.

    Alarmist? Fuck yes. Alarms are necessary and this is what they’re for. We are soon going to need to concentrate on clinging to life on this fucking planet, never mind ‘fighting climate change’. Climate’s WAAAAAY bigger than us. We’re pretty smart humans and we’ll succeed in adapting, but it’s gonna look like colonizing Venus and Mars put together, and one hell of a lot of innocent people will die in vast numbers trying to survive this.

    Maybe we can string up some Koches at some point to make ourselves feel better, because this was DONE by the decisions of stupid people, much like an avalanche can be kicked off by a person pushing over a snowbank.

    Failing that, somebody film this. Media might not want to undermine vested interests, but media can’t help but drool over footage of outrageous unthinkable destruction. Use that. Which is to say: please, dronebros, go and get your wealthy asses famous. It will be awesome footage, guaranteed ;P

    1. Re:As expected by Chris+Johnson · · Score: 2

      Oh, come on, don't tell them that. It'll be hilarious!

    2. Re:As expected by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 4, Interesting

      How long is the recorded history of similarly accurate storm measurement? How old is the planet? Maybe we're just in a cycle that is a bit longer than the amount of time people have been able to measure hurricanes, or have been able to measure them as accurately.

      The other reply is misleading.

      We've been using "modern" measurements for hurricanes since about 1959, which just happened to have a record storm. BUT... that year also had an El Nino. And the strong El Nino of this year again made one more likely. Nothing terribly special about that, statistically. And nothing particular connecting it to "global warming".

      Prior to that time, hurricanes were only actually measured at all when they made landfall. Others were only estimated from ships or from shore. Which means most of them were never measured, and in fact we actually have no idea where Patricia falls in the severity range since records began.

    3. Re:As expected by khayman80 · · Score: 2

      We've been using "modern" measurements for hurricanes since about 1959, which just happened to have a record storm. BUT... that year also had an El Nino. And the strong El Nino of this year again made one more likely. Nothing terribly special about that, statistically. And nothing particular connecting it to "global warming".

      The connection between "global warming" and hurricane intensity has been well established (PDF) by Dr. Chris Landsea and many other authors. Can Jane link to a peer-reviewed paper refuting Dr. Landsea?

      If there's really "nothing particular connecting" a process that's intensified by global warming, then this year's high temperatures should be due only to El Nino with "nothing particular" connecting them to anthropogenic global warming. If that's true, it should be easy to confirm by comparing this El Nino to past El Ninos. Have you seen a graph of global mean surface temperature (GMST) during just El Ninos in recent decades (excluding Pinatubo)? Do you think that best-fit line through just El Ninos would have a positive or negative slope? Can you think of another metric than GMST which would reveal more of the cumulative radiation absorbed over the last few decades? Do you see why these questions are relevant to your claim?

      P.S. Don't worry- if you can't or won't answer these questions then I will. But first you deserve a chance to show off your scientific skills. If you won't provide a graph, will you accept a graph made by a scientist who co-authored a peer-reviewed paper with Anthony Watts?

      Prior to that time, hurricanes were only actually measured at all when they made landfall. Others were only estimated from ships or from shore. Which means most of them were never measured, and in fact we actually have no idea where Patricia falls in the severity range since records began.

      Grinsted et al. 2012 measured Atlantic hurricane surges back to 1923:

      "Detection and attribution of past changes in cyclone activity are hampered by biased cyclone records due to changes in observational capabilities. Here we construct an independent record of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity on the basis of storm surge statistics from tide gauges. We demonstrate that the major events in our surge index record can be attributed to landfalling tropical cyclones; these events also correspond with the most economically damaging Atlantic cyclones. We find that warm years in general were more active in all cyclone size ranges than cold years. The largest cyclones are most affected by warmer conditions and we detect a statistically significant trend in the frequency of large surge events (roughly corresponding to tropical storm size) since 1923. In particular, we estimate that Katrina-magnitude events have been twice as frequent in warm years compared with cold years (P < 0.02)."

  3. Wow, slashdot editors can not RTFA by Anon-Admin · · Score: 5, Informative

    From the article
    "Patricia the third strongest tropical cyclone in history (by wind)

    Super Typhoon Nancy (1961), 215 mph winds, 882 mb. Made landfall as a Cat 2 in Japan, killing 191 people.
    Super Typhoon Violet (1961), 205 mph winds, 886 mb pressure. Made landfall in Japan as a tropical storm, killing 2 people.
    Super Typhoon Ida (1958), 200 mph winds, 877 mb pressure. Made landfall as a Cat 1 in Japan, killing 1269 people.
    Super Typhoon Haiyan (2013), 195 mph winds, 895 mb pressure. Made landfall in the Philippines at peak strength.
    Super Typhoon Kit (1966), 195 mph winds, 880 mb. Did not make landfall.
    Super Typhoon Sally (1964), 195 mph winds, 895 mb. Made landfall as a Cat 4 in the Philippines.
    "
    Its a big one but not the strongest on record. From the look of it, they tend to happen every few years so not even a weather anomaly.

    1. Re:Wow, slashdot editors can not RTFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Did you RTFA?

      Highest reliably-measured:
      "The aircraft measured surface winds of 200 mph, which are the highest reliably-measured surface winds on record for a tropical cyclone, anywhere on the Earth."

      The other ones aren't reliable:
      "However, it is now recognized (Black 1992) that the maximum sustained winds estimated for typhoons during the 1940s to 1960s were too strong. The strongest reliably measured tropical cyclones were both 10 mph weaker than Patricia, with 190 mph winds—the Western Pacific's Super Typhoon Tip of 1979, and the Atlantic's Hurricane Allen of 1980."

    2. Re:Wow, slashdot editors can not RTFA by roc97007 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Adjusting previous figures to show the current as maximum is a tried and true technique.

      --
      Oliver's law of assumed responsibility: If you're seen fixing it, you will be blamed for breaking it.
    3. Re:Wow, slashdot editors can not RTFA by Rei · · Score: 2

      Dr. Hugh Willoughby, former head of NOAA's Hurricane Research Division, had this to say about the winds measured in Super Typhoon Nancy and the other high-end typhoons from this list from the 1960s:

      "I would not take the winds seriously because reconnaissance meteorologists estimated them visually. A decade later when I flew with the VW-1 hurricane hunters, we had the same Doppler system used to measure the winds of Typhoon Nancy. It tracked the aircraft motion relative to the (possibly moving) sea surface. It couldn't get a coherent signal in high winds because the beam reflected from both the actual surface (whatever that is) and blowing spray. Visual estimates are dubious because the surface (under the eyewall!) is hard to see unless you are flying below cloud base (200-300 m) and also because appreciably above 115 mph, it's completely white with blowing spray. We used to think that we could estimate stronger winds from the decreasing coverage of slightly greenish patches where the spray was thinner. I now think that we were kidding ourselves. In those days the distinctions among wind gust, sustained one-minute winds, etc., were less well defined than they are now. So we may never know the 1960s reconnaissance data really means!"

      At the same time, we should keep in mind that not all hurricanes are sampled while at peak strength. Satellite methods of estimating intensity, such as the Dvorak technique, cannot capture the most extreme peak winds and central pressures found in storms such as Patricia and Wilma. It is possible that previous hurricanes, such as the 1935 Labor Day hurricane that devastated the Florida Keys, had intensification rates and peak winds on par with Patricia. The bottom line is that Patricia is at the very highest end of what we can expect in terms of a small, extremely intense hurricane.

      This is the nature of reality. Your data gets better and better with time. You don't whine when you learn that some old records may have been in error, just like you don't whine when you learn that there might have been past records that weren't measured as such due to insufficient data.

      (For the record and in a similar vein, the "world's hottest temperature in Al-Azzyah Libya" thing is also considered to be erroneous. But that doesn't mean that before we had such good temperature-measuring coverage that there weren't super-hot temperatures in the past - just that that one is almost assuredly wrong)

      --
      "Oh, goodness. Look at my wrist, I have to go." "But what about your clothes?" "I don't love these."
  4. Re:Weather of Climate? by Coren22 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Strongest in history, it must be climate change! /s

    The strengthening though is interesting, and the tie in to El Nin~o does make for interesting weather geeking.

    --
    APK likes to ask for responses to the same things over and over. Maybe he just likes the responses?
  5. Sounds More Like by Greyfox · · Score: 2

    It sounds more like a 250 mile wide tornado than a hurricane. I hope the people there are going to take that thing seriously. We should already be lining up an international response to the devastation it's going to cause.

    --

    I'm trying to teach myself to set people on fire with my mind... Is it hot in here?

    1. Re:Sounds More Like by Chris+Johnson · · Score: 2

      A tornado hits peak winds for a relatively short period of time. A slow moving hurricane could maintain peak winds for an hour, or for hours.

      I'm sure they're taking it more seriously than Slashdot is (predictable really) but it gets to a point where what CAN they do? Again, it's like telling people to prepare for a direct nuclear blast. Hours of 200 mph winds makes the entire world basically a sort of sandblaster, using flying shrapnel to scour away all traces of civilization. There ain't a lot you can do to prepare when Mother Nature's been chugging too many hydrocarbon espressos and goes into a seizure.

    2. Re:Sounds More Like by Fire_Wraith · · Score: 2

      it's like telling people to prepare for a direct nuclear blast

      So... hide in a refrigerator?

      I mean, Lucas and Spielberg would never have steered me wrong on that, right?

  6. Re:Weather of Climate? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Well we know we can ignore your opinion since there is no such things as cat 6 or 7 hurricane. Also this is the first cat 5 to make landfall in 11 years, so 1 event every decade is now proof that it will constantly happen every year now.

  7. Re:Weather of Climate? by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The belt of warm water feeding this late-season hurricane is from El Niño, which is a cycle independent of all other cycles, and not a part of any carbon warming that may be occurring.

  8. Re:There will be many deaths by gwolf · · Score: 4, Informative

    Mind you, this third world country has infrastructure that year after year withstands hurricanes on both coasts, and they are seldom "catastrophic" (i.e. one strong event per decade). The area where it is hitting is moderately populated, and has available shelter places with great resistance that have been used before (such as the touristic compounds in Puerto Vallarta region).
    Our country has hurricanes volcanos, sismicity, poverty and whatnot. But is much better prepared for a Katrina-style event than the USA.

  9. /. commenters can'y read summaries, either by sstamps · · Score: 4, Informative

    It clearly said "strongest hurricane", which is true. Typhoons are on the other side of the Pacific ocean. Hurricanes are only in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific.

    "They happen every few years". 50 years is not what I would call "few". If so, I would only be a "few" years old.

    --
    -SS "Teach the ignorant, care for the dumb, and punish the stupid."
  10. Wow, slashdot commenters can not RTFA by nuckfuts · · Score: 2

    From the article
    "However, it is now recognized (Black 1992) that the maximum sustained winds estimated for typhoons during the 1940s to 1960s were too strong. The strongest reliably measured tropical cyclones were both 10 mph weaker than Patricia...".

  11. Re:Weather of Climate? by roc97007 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    > This is no pissing contest, this is called 'hard experimental evidence'.

    This is called "a single data point". Hurricanes have been down in recent years.

    --
    Oliver's law of assumed responsibility: If you're seen fixing it, you will be blamed for breaking it.
  12. Re:Weather of Climate? by Rei · · Score: 5, Informative

    It'll be climate if the number of hurricanes keeps increasing,

    Well... sort of. It's climate if any statistical property of hurricanes undergoes any statistical shift. Climate is the signal. Weather is the noise. It's like, say, driving home from work. Let's say it normally takes you an average of 20 minutes to drive home from work. Your numbers may go 17, 21, 14, 29, 19, 16, 26, 18, etc depending on local conditions... but the average is 20. But when a statistically significant sampling of drives starts averaging out higher - say, 27, 20, 21, 34, 20, 26, 31, etc... the underlying baseline has changed. The noise still exists, but it's on top of a different signal.

    In terms of hurricanes, a warming average climate does not inherently mean "more hurricanes". Hurricanes from due to a complicated series of circumstances - some of which we understand well (like sea surface temperatures), some which we don't (like African dust). There's not only sea surface temperatures but the depths to which it exends, wind shear, dry air, and literally dozens of other factors. Not all of the changes that are associated with a warming planet encourage hurricanes - some discourage them. And the impacts can vary from one hurricane basin to another.

    The North Atlantic basin, which most Americans care most about, has two strongly opposing effects in a warming world: increasing ocean heat versus increasing wind shear. Wind shear is death to hurricanes. The airflow patterns that fuel a hurricane require that the core be vertically aligned, so when you shear it horizontally, it fails to be able to power itself. Larger hurricanes can somewhat protect themselves against it, at the cost of declining intensity, but smaller storms get torn to shreds. It combines with dry air to worsen its effect, funneling the dry air into the core (dry air = subsidence = shutting off upflow-driven storms like hurricanes).

    How these two factors ultimately play out is very difficult to predict, and particularly in the North Atlantic. The number of hurricanes per year in the North Atlantic Basin ranges from zero to dozens. And where they impact varies widely as well - the US can get nailed many times by powerful storms, or they can get hit by nothing at all. The general expectation is "mixed": that the increasing wind shear may reduce the total number of storms and will almost certainly rip apart more "vulnerable" storms - but that when conditions are right (as wind shear is constantly varying, and there are always times and places that there is little to none), storms will appear faster, grow faster, and reach higher top speeds.

    That said, again, hurricanes are very complicated systems to model and predict, so it's hard to make predictions on this front with too much confidence.

    --
    "Oh, goodness. Look at my wrist, I have to go." "But what about your clothes?" "I don't love these."
  13. Re:Weather of Climate? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Not to mention that the records keep getting revised: there were hurricanes measured at higher strengths in the 1960's, but they've been "revised" downwards. Now new hurricanes are "the strongest ever recorded."

  14. Re:Weather of Climate? by macs4all · · Score: 2

    The belt of warm water feeding this late-season hurricane is from El Niño, which is a cycle independent of all other cycles, and not a part of any carbon warming that may be occurring.

    WTF is "CARBON Warming"???

    Yet ANOTHER pseudo-science term!

  15. Re:Weather of Climate? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    You completely skipped the cat 5e hurricane. You'll never get your Network+ like that.

  16. Re:Weather of Climate? by macs4all · · Score: 2

    Let me guess, they are communists trying to brainwash people against energy companies and destroy our economy?

    No no, wait, they are zombie drones OF the communists who don't even realize they are being used to brainwash people against our economy?

    Ah wait no, I get it ... YOU'RE a zombie drone who may or may not realize your paranoid delusions were carefully crafted by the energy companies!

    Nope. None of that.

    Just the usual boring prosaic goals of human beings seeking self-fortune and self-aggrandizement. Nothing special.

    No Communist plots. Just run-of-the-mill Greed and Avarice.

  17. Let's Remember the Important Thing Here by avgjoe62 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Let's cut all the crap about global warming/climate change and remember that there are people living where this storm is making landfall. It doesn't matter if this is the strongest storm ever or if climate change caused this, there are real people in harm's way. This is not going to be pretty, between storm surge and rainfall over mountainous terrain and the flooding that will bring. So please keep these people in mind.

    Do whatever you think best to help. whether that be prayer or cutting out a Starbuck's run to donate to the Red Cross. What are we put on this Earth for if not to help one another?

    --

    How come Slashdot never gets Slashdotted?

    1. Re:Let's Remember the Important Thing Here by chadenright · · Score: 2

      I agree with this statement. Let's worry about the people in harm's way.

  18. Re:Weather of Climate? by thoromyr · · Score: 2

    So you are asserting that belt of warm water is not warmer than it would have been without the general increase in global temperature?

    Just to be clear: you are saying that because the specific mechanism by which warm water was moved into the region is independent of warming that there is no way that any warming mechanism (such as CO2 emissions, methane release, etc.) is related.

    Hmmm... so if a stolen firearm is used in a bank robbery the original theft is irrelevant as long as the original thieves did not transfer it to the bank robbers for that purpose?

    While intent might be a useful component of their defense (lack of mens rea) that sort of conscious participation is not meaningful when talking about natural mechanisms.

  19. Re:Weather of Climate? by phantomfive · · Score: 4, Interesting

    And said El Nino is being fed by carbon warming.

    If it were, that would be good for California, because they can use some extra water (which tends to come in El Nino years).
    Unfortunately there is no good computer modeling able to predict El Nino, and the models are divided on whether El Nino will increase or decrease as a result of AGW.

    --
    "First they came for the slanderers and i said nothing."
  20. Update by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    About an hour ago another NOAA plane did readings while flying through the storm:

    "the plane reported an extrapolated surface pressure of 902.6 millibars based on measurements from the aircraft. Peak flight-level winds were 166 mph during this pass."

    So, um, the storm weakened by > 20% in an hour? So now it is just a regular Cat 5 which have hit this area regularly.

  21. Re:Weather of Climate? by tbannist · · Score: 2

    You obviously have absolutely no idea the scale of the energies at play here. Many times the Hiroshima Bomb per second.

    How many times? Apparently the anthropogenic effects of climate change are currently causing the earth to accumulate and addition 4 Hiroshima Bombs per second. The grand total is now at around 2.2 billion bombs. So, I'm curious. Do you think this hurricane is 4 billion times more powerful than the Hiroshima bomb?

    --
    Fanatically anti-fanatical
  22. Re:Weather of Climate? by Fire_Wraith · · Score: 5, Interesting

    It's interesting to note that while the 2015 hurricane season has been relatively quiet in the North Atlantic, when we expand to the entire world in our scope, it's been one of, if not the most, active years on record, with something like 22 storms that were Category 4 or higher, which is itself a record.

    We were also pretty lucky that Joaquin steered out to sea rather than slamming into the east coast (and even then managed to dump catastrophic rainfall on South Carolina. It was within a day or two of really hammering some heavily populated areas that aren't really built to withstand regular hurricanes.

  23. Re:Weather of Climate? by ClickOnThis · · Score: 2

    WTF is "CARBON Warming"???

    The GP didn't define it clearly, but from the context it's obvious s/he means warming induced by the greenhouse effect from adding carbon compounds (such as carbon dioxide and methane) to the earth's atmosphere.

    --
    If it weren't for deadlines, nothing would be late.
  24. Re:There will be many deaths by R3d+M3rcury · · Score: 2

    [...] sismicity [...]

    SimCity? So you get Giant Lizards and Meteor Showers, too?

    It's "Seismicity."

    (Sorry to be pedantic, I just thought it was funny when I first read it as "SimCity.")

  25. Re: Weather of Climate? by nxtr · · Score: 3, Funny

    Next year is Cat5e.

  26. Re:Weather of Climate? by Deadstick · · Score: 2

    Climate is the signal. Weather is the noise.

    Splendid metaphor...wish I'd thought of it.

  27. Re:Weather of Climate? by amicusNYCL · · Score: 3, Insightful

    And how many million years have dinosaurs fart? How many million years have plants and animals decomposed? How many million years have forest fires raged for months, and maybe even years, on end?

    What kind of dumbass argument is that?

    Throughout the world, in a year all volcanoes combined (above and below water) emit around 145 to 255 million tons of CO2. In the US, forest fires release around 290 million tons every year. That's great. Maybe people have contributed to worse fires in recent decades, maybe overall not so much. Either way, it's in the range of several hundred million tons of CO2 every year.

    The largest coal power plant, in Taiwan, releases 40 million tons per year. That means that, at the low range of estimates for volcanoes, only 4 of those power plants would emit more CO2 than all volcanoes on the planet. China alone emits over 10 billion tons per year. That is far more than all forest fires. The US is about half that, about 5.3 billion tons. Overall, people emit over 30 billion tons in CO2 through burning of fossil fuels (power plants, cars, etc), and that level has nearly tripled in the past 15 years.

    Since the 1880s we've been burning coal, fuel oil, and natural gas for power, non-stop. Since the early 1900s we've been driving gas-powered cars, non-stop, and also been flying gas-powered planes, non-stop. Since the early 1800s we've been driving CO2-emitting ships around, non-stop. Since the early 1800s we've also been operating CO2-emitting trains, non-stop. That's several hundred years of steam ships, steam trains, power plants, cars, and planes, and if you crack open one of your history books you'll notice that since the introduction of those until today the usage has actually increased. They have gotten larger, hungrier, and more numerous.

    And you're talking about dinosaurs walking around farting several hundred million years ago. Get a grip. If you want to compare something, then compare a forest fire that started 200 years ago and has grown larger and larger each and every year, culminating in the doubling of size every few years for the past couple decades. And keep in mind that the stuff that was burnt doesn't extinguish, it keeps burning, all 200 years. Then you'll have a comparison with the human effect on CO2 production. Save your farting dinosaurs for your kids.

    Let me know if you got my point, or if you need me to rewrite that while capitalizing random words.

    --
    "Our two-party system is like a bowl of shit looking at itself in a mirror." - Lewis Black