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Comet Lovejoy Giving Away Alcohol (eurekalert.org)

Thorfinn.au writes: Comet Lovejoy lived up to its name by releasing large amounts of alcohol as well as a type of sugar into space, according to new observations by an international team. The discovery marks the first time ethyl alcohol, the same type in alcoholic beverages, has been observed in a comet. The finding adds to the evidence that comets could have been a source of the complex organic molecules necessary for the emergence of life.

'We found that comet Lovejoy was releasing as much alcohol as in at least 500 bottles of wine every second during its peak activity,' said Nicolas Biver of the Paris Observatory, France, lead author of a paper on the discovery published Oct. 23 in Science Advances. The team found 21 different organic molecules in gas from the comet, including ethyl alcohol and glycolaldehyde, a simple sugar.

Comets are frozen remnants from the formation of our solar system. Scientists are interested in them because they are relatively pristine and therefore hold clues to how the solar system was made. Most orbit in frigid zones far from the sun. However, occasionally, a gravitational disturbance sends a comet closer to the sun, where it heats up and releases gases, allowing scientists to determine its composition.

97 comments

  1. Organic compounds in space by CaptQuark · · Score: 4, Interesting

    It's interesting that they are finding organic compounds on comets. It's not much more complex to get to amino acids which are the building blocks of life. Perhaps the earth was seeded with enough organic material to jump start simple life forms. We might all be from alien origin.

    --

    1. Re:Organic compounds in space by plopez · · Score: 1

      My argument concerning space colonization not to colonize but to seed. Send problem with organic self replicating material, like prions, that then can evolve into life. If we ever want a genetic legacy outside of this solar system short of inventing warp drive, which is highly unlikely, our best bet is to seed the universe with organics based on Terran DNA by firing huge numbers of small capsules at "Goldilocks" planets.

      --
      putting the 'B' in LGBTQ+
    2. Re:Organic compounds in space by arglebargle_xiv · · Score: 4, Funny

      'We found that comet Lovejoy was releasing as much alcohol as in at least 500 bottles of wine every second during its peak activity,' said Nicolas Biver of the Paris Observatory, France,

      'On closer observation we found it to be ChÃteau Lafite Rothschild from somewhere between 1962 and 1978. The French government has authorised a French space mission to determine the vintage more closely, astronaut positions to be determined by national lottery', the scientist continued.

    3. Re:Organic compounds in space by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      seed the universe with organics based on Terran DNA by firing huge numbers of small capsules at "Goldilocks" planets.

      Who's to say that something like this hasn't already been done? Before the "Big Bang".

    4. Re:Organic compounds in space by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We're all in the same universe - we're no aliens. There are no aliens.

    5. Re:Organic compounds in space by donaldm · · Score: 2

      This is why the Galactic Police are so under manned, there are just too many of those annoying comets that go on alcoholic binges and forget Kepler's and Newton's laws. Wont someone think of those dwarf planets.

      --
      There ain't no such thing as proprietary standards only proprietary formats. Standards are by definition open.
    6. Re:Organic compounds in space by gstoddart · · Score: 1

      If we have a comet streaming these compounds out into space, there's pretty much not a whole lot of scenarios in which the basis building blocks of life aren't pretty common.

      If most of the water on Earth came from cometary bombardment, and comets are documented as having these materials ... then you really only can make the conclusion that some other pile of rock has gone through the same process.

      As much as people like to think we're special and magical, the reality is the initial steps of life are just chemistry. And in all likelihood have happened in other places.

      The universe is, in the original sense of the word, awesome. It's pretty much full of things we've only begun to realize, and it's utterly vast.

      I find it hard to believe there isn't at least some form of life elsewhere in the universe.

      --
      Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    7. Re:Organic compounds in space by tomhath · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Simple organic compounds are all over space. There's no reason to toss a few more out there; if a planet is in a life-friendly zone it probably already has the basic building block needed for life.

    8. Re: Organic compounds in space by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Whereas your family drinks turpentine, amirite cletus?

    9. Re:Organic compounds in space by MightyYar · · Score: 2

      I'm sure you use that line on all the alien babes.

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    10. Re:Organic compounds in space by ultranova · · Score: 2

      If we ever want a genetic legacy outside of this solar system short of inventing warp drive, which is highly unlikely, our best bet is to seed the universe with organics based on Terran DNA by firing huge numbers of small capsules at "Goldilocks" planets.

      Do we? Our biology is adapted to one particular environment, and is far from perfect even there. Our relation to it is also becoming increasingly abstract; for example, communicating through this website effectively reduces people to a bunch of ideas.

      So, given this, wouldn't it make more sense to focus efforts on completing the process - figuring out AI and mind uploading and downloading - and then simply send sapient probe ships to colonize nearby systems? That way, we aren't limited to Goldilocks planets, or planets in general - a future megacity might well be a space station housing nothing organic, just computer bank after computing bank, floating in interplanetary void, powered by sunlight and handling most of its traffick via antenna.

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

    11. Re:Organic compounds in space by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Dey took arr jawbs!

    12. Re: Organic compounds in space by whopis · · Score: 1

      If one bottle of Jack Daniels is like 500 bottles of wine to you, then you, sir, are someone who most definitely can not hold their Jack.

    13. Re:Organic compounds in space by FatdogHaiku · · Score: 2

      So in the end we become intragalactic porno producers...
      giving some poor unsuspecting planet a facial in the name of science.
      Never mind that things might already be developing there with no help needed...
      "No Honey, this is really good for your skin, I promise!"

      --
      You have the right to remain sentient. If you give up the right to remain sentient, you will be elected to public office
    14. Re:Organic compounds in space by kheldan · · Score: 1

      What I was thinking, is if there's sugar and alcohol present, does that mean there's a good possibility that there are (or were) colonies of microorganisms on this (and perhaps other) comets, that are turning the sugar into alcohol?

      --
      Are YOU using the TOOL, or is the TOOL using YOU? Think about it!
    15. Re:Organic compounds in space by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      To me, what is interesting is that both sugar and ethanol molecules have a high energy content. Restated, energy has to be provided to assemble carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms as sugar and ethanol. The energy could not be heat as this would burn up the high energy molecules.

      On earth, chlorophyll harvests the energy found in sugar and ethanol.

    16. Re:Organic compounds in space by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Prions don't self replicate.

      Regarding your idea of seeding: why would anyone do that?
      You only have costs and no return. On top of that it is ethical and morally highly questionable.

      You want to poison a goldilock planet with our stuff not caring what already is living there?

      I call that a WMD ... and sooner or later the retalliation probably kill what is living then on earth.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    17. Re:Organic compounds in space by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Why is this modded flamenait? Funny perhaps ... or dumb. But flamebait?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    18. Re:Organic compounds in space by plopez · · Score: 2

      How is it any less moral and ethical than colonization?

      --
      putting the 'B' in LGBTQ+
    19. Re:Organic compounds in space by plopez · · Score: 1

      Nature is cruel. If we want some sort of legacy to survive we have to take that risk. Or we just die with our solar system. Those are our choices.

      --
      putting the 'B' in LGBTQ+
    20. Re:Organic compounds in space by plopez · · Score: 1

      Nice. Though I still think my idea might be less expensive.

      --
      putting the 'B' in LGBTQ+
    21. Re:Organic compounds in space by plopez · · Score: 1

      Just because life is there is no reason not to try to seed it.

      --
      putting the 'B' in LGBTQ+
    22. Re:Organic compounds in space by mikael · · Score: 1

      Maybe it would be a smart-seeder that could take and analyze photographs of planets, perform multi-spectral imaging to determine the possible living conditions and presence of water, maybe even the lifetime of the star. If the conditions were right, seed pods would be released, otherwise the system would just carry on to the next solar system.

      Would you fire a load of dumb delivery systems that would be oblivious to obstacles like asteroids, meteorites, solar flares and comets. That didn't work out well for some Earth made space probes.

      --
      Vintage computer adverts: http://www.vintageadbrowser.com/computers-and-software-ads
    23. Re:Organic compounds in space by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Orbiting while drunk and without collision insurance. Immediate confiscation of vehicle to the galactic pound.

    24. Re:Organic compounds in space by Big+Hairy+Ian · · Score: 1

      Given the amount of alcohol noted int the article I think the party started with a bang :)

      --

      Build a Man a Fire, and He'll Be Warm for a Day. Set a Man on Fire, and He'll Be Warm for the Rest of His Life.

    25. Re:Organic compounds in space by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As someone of faith and of science as myself. I have no issue with the Panspermia theory of the origins of life. it would explain a lot.

    26. Re:Organic compounds in space by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Colonization of what?

      Another island? Or another planet?

      I guess in modern times as we live in an "Age of Enlightenment" settlers would try to cooperate and live with what they find there.

      Bombing another planet with "viral" material to "seed" it and likely killing most highly evolved live is not "moral".

      On the other hand: we could argue how compatible live on different plants might be and if our seeding would really harm them or would even be able to take ground. (And vice versa)

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    27. Re:Organic compounds in space by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      because many of the good fellas have left /. and /. is left with moron mods at least 80% of them .

  2. French? by KGIII · · Score: 1

    Ha! Of course they measure it in bottles of wine. We Americans need that converted to bottles of Whiskey!

    Or malt liqueur, which ever you prefer.

    --
    "So long and thanks for all the fish."
    1. Re:French? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ugh. Beer.

      Or hell, bottles of Everclear.

    2. Re:French? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      malt "liqueur"? Seriously? HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA! I can't believe someone actually said such a thing. Your a doosh.

    3. Re:French? by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      malt "liqueur"? Seriously? HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA! I can't believe someone actually said such a thing. Your a doosh.

      Drambuie is a malt liqueur:

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    4. Re:French? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And vir Germans need das konvertiert nach bottles of Bier!

    5. Re:French? by U2xhc2hkb3QgU3Vja3M · · Score: 1

      We Americans need that converted to bottles of Whiskey!

      No you don't. You'd measure it in bottles of yellow-liquid-that's-not-quite-beer. We Canadians would convert it into bottles of beers, one of which is equal to ten bottles of your yellow liquid.

    6. Re:French? by KGIII · · Score: 1

      We have some good Whiskey. I don't drink any more but I miss it. I do like my Molson. They stopped having their festival and I don't think they get you hammered during tours any more. ;-) I'm a dual-citizen but I'm mostly an USian. I'm a citizen by grace of birth - Micmac.

      --
      "So long and thanks for all the fish."
    7. Re:French? by KGIII · · Score: 1

      Yup. There are quite a few.

      For those interested:

      https://www.google.com/search?...

      I guess I'm a pedo - baiting kids, and all.

      --
      "So long and thanks for all the fish."
  3. SITREP by zamboni1138 · · Score: 1

    Markus and I are going to help prepare a new MIV for launch to intercept this "Comet Lovejoy" and claim it's alcohol and sugar for use in the Cloud Ark. We will need to reuse and tow the reactor from ymir, along with a full compliment of robots to handle all of the slave labor needed to adjust the orbit of this hunk of ice towards the Sun-Earth L1 la grange point. From there we use the alcohol to power the boosters around Old Earth into a high orbit towards Izzy. We can correct for everything bad that happens on the far side of the burn. Then it's 5,000 years old alcohol powered goodness.
     
    Live long, Dr. Doob.

    1. Re:SITREP by mwvdlee · · Score: 1

      I'll be part of the crew, but I think my live will be wasted on the way back.

      --
      Slashdot social media options: AIM, ICQ, Yahoo, Jabber and Mobile Text. Why no MySpace?
    2. Re:SITREP by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Beware, you'd likely be trespassing on an alien moonshining operation.

    3. Re:SITREP by Chas · · Score: 1

      What's the vintage? 5 billion BC? Hmm. Good year...

      --


      Chas - The one, the only.
      THANK GOD!!!
    4. Re:SITREP by donaldm · · Score: 1

      What's the vintage? 5 billion BC? Hmm. Good year...

      Five billion years? that is far too young. Now 13.8 billion years is an incredible vintage that is a must for for all discerning gods and goddesses. How to start a party with a bang.

      --
      There ain't no such thing as proprietary standards only proprietary formats. Standards are by definition open.
  4. I'm curious by bytesex · · Score: 2

    These measurements are made using a spectrograph, right? Then what is the difference between the comet spitting out carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in more-or-less the same relative quantities as found in alcohol, and pure, molecular alcohol? I mean, have they verified that it is alcohol and not acetone? How does one verify the (complex) molecular composition of something when you can only see its light?

    --
    Religion is what happens when nature strikes and groupthink goes wrong.
    1. Re:I'm curious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Wikipedia is your friend:
      The combination of atoms into molecules leads to the creation of unique types of energetic states and therefore unique spectra of the transitions between these states.

    2. Re:I'm curious by bytesex · · Score: 1

      Oh never mind. What a little Googling can do: infra-red and microwave spectrography.

      --
      Religion is what happens when nature strikes and groupthink goes wrong.
    3. Re:I'm curious by NixieBunny · · Score: 4, Informative

      I work on telescopes of the sort that were used to make these observations. In fact, I built the spectrometer that the cited author Stephanie Milam used to get her degrees in astronomy at Arizona. The spectrometer (these days) is a big FFT machine capable of resolving perhaps 1 GHz of bandwidth into 16,384 or so channels. The frequency received by the telescope is typically many GHz. The huge IRAM telescope works at lower frequencies than our smaller scopes in Arizona, which operate above 100 GHz. The spectral lines are first replicated in a vacuum chamber in a lab, to make sure that the spectral signature is thoroughly documented.

      --
      The determined Real Programmer can write Fortran programs in any language.
    4. Re:I'm curious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As a radio-astronomer working for IRAM, I feel compelled to comment.
      I don't know which telescope in Arizona you are referring to because I know of at least two, but the IRAM telescope actually works well above 100GHz and is optimized for frequencies between 70 (right now 80 because of a receiver issue to be solved in about one month) and 270GHz, and sometimes used a bit higher, up to 350 or 360 GHz, weather permitting and taking a serious hit in efficiency.
      It's practically the same frequency range as the 12m at Kitt Peak, just 2.5 times larger in diameter. There is another telescope in Arizona which observes at higher frequencies: the HHT on Mount Graham, but I've not heard of it lately.

    5. Re:I'm curious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The spectrometers are not just looking for certain elements. Molecular spectroscopy looks at the actual structure of molecules, the vibration and rotation states of atoms within molecules. This is in the IR and longer wavelengths, as the energy it takes to move the bonds around on a molecule is less than what is usually needed to move the electrons between energy levels in a single atom.

      And the interaction of the atoms near the bonds affect the energy of the bond, so lines are not specific to just a particular element pair when you have enough resolution and signal-to-noise. So you don't just look for an OH bond, but an OH bond with has energy specific to a molecule, like water vs. alcohol. Additionally, molecules with more than than two atoms will have more complex ways the bonds can flex around in quantized states. For example, an OH ion would only have one particular type of vibration states where the atoms act like they are attached by a spring, while water has three vibration states because you have two springs now, and two different ways of squeezing them, plus a bending mode where the angle between the two bonds oscillates back and forth. So you can get clear distinction between OH and H2O from the later having multiple modes, where even the vibration modes that are similar between them differ in energy. Something like alcohol adds even more modes, and also has different energies for some of the simpler ones.

    6. Re:I'm curious by NixieBunny · · Score: 1

      Thanks for the information. I work on both of those telescopes in Arizona. The HHT has receivers covering 200 to 690 GHz. We just installed an ALMA prototype antenna on Kitt Peak, and have a grant to build a four-band receiver system for it that will cover 60 to 270 GHz. These are also used for VLBI interferometry, but that's another story.

      --
      The determined Real Programmer can write Fortran programs in any language.
  5. A simple conversion that the editors neglected by stridebird · · Score: 3, Insightful

    We found that comet Lovejoy was releasing as much alcohol as in at least 500 bottles of wine every second during its peak activity

    An angry person writes:

    So how much ethyl alcohol? Using standard dimensions as assumptions:

    500 bottles at 750ml: 375 litres
    375 litres of wine at 13% = 50 litres [*]

    Just say that next time, k? At what point in the reporting chain did this idiocy get introduced? It's ejecting around 50 litres of ethyl alcohol. Simple. Now go away.

    [*} adjusted ABV from 12 to 13% to get 50 litres - a more likely estimated figure

    1. Re:A simple conversion that the editors neglected by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well, it emits much water too and if you analyze it more closely, you'll see that it resembles Unicorn pee.

    2. Re:A simple conversion that the editors neglected by willworkforbeer · · Score: 1

      Well, it emits much water too and if you analyze it more closely, you'll see that it resembles Unicorn pee.

      Just say it. Budweiser.

      --
      Pretending this is my office full of bitter coworkers..
    3. Re:A simple conversion that the editors neglected by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      13 gallons. Just say that next time, k? Simple. Now go away.

  6. Comet Wine by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I would pay dearly for a bottle of comet wine that has aged 1 billion years.

    1. Re:Comet Wine by willworkforbeer · · Score: 2

      I would pay dearly for a bottle of comet wine that has aged 1 billion years.

      Yes, by definition it pairs well with Paleo anything.

      --
      Pretending this is my office full of bitter coworkers..
  7. Orbiting Under Influence? by bkmoore · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Does that mean it's on an irregular, erratic orbit, and should be pulled over and given a breathalyzer test before it endangers any inhabited planets?

    1. Re:Orbiting Under Influence? by Ukab+the+Great · · Score: 1

      Comet Lovejoy could already be busted for exceeding the speed limit by 48793 mph.

    2. Re:Orbiting Under Influence? by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

      While venting 500 wine bottle equivalents per second? Buddy, that's a hell of an open container! I'm going to have to change your orbit to bring you in at Guantánamo.

    3. Re:Orbiting Under Influence? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Everybody knows that the shortest path for a drunk comet is the curved line

  8. Baileys Comet? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    [eom]

  9. Send in the revenuers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This is clearly an illegal alien still!

  10. Free Alcohol by AK+Marc · · Score: 2

    The alcohol may be free, but the delivery charges are out of this world.

  11. Re:French Muslim Women by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Your post is off topic and insane. Arguing with you would be like playing chess with a monkey. I'll win, but you'll throw your shit all over me and the chess board.

  12. Alcohol != joy loving by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Comet Lovejoy lived up to its name by releasing large amounts of alcohol [...]

    Alcohol is a very poisonous substance for humans. If you associate joy with alcohol, you should seek help. Trivializing it in naming and news articles is dangerous.

    It's really hard to understand how people who call themselves computer geeks or nerds, can still find such attraction to alcohol, tobacco, or even worse, sports beside FPS, RTS, or RPG games...

    1. Re:Alcohol != joy loving by sumdumass · · Score: 1

      Its simple. It allows us to ignore buzzkills like you and similar people or problems in our lives. Sure it is temporary but it is better than prison.

    2. Re:Alcohol != joy loving by willworkforbeer · · Score: 1

      Alcohol is a very poisonous substance for humans. If you associate joy with alcohol, you should seek help. Trivializing it in naming and news articles is dangerous.

      It's really hard to understand how people who call themselves computer geeks or nerds, can still find such attraction to alcohol, tobacco, or even worse, sports beside FPS, RTS, or RPG games...

      Geez mom, I told you not to embarrass me in front of my friends.

      Besides, you got alcohol and tobacco, and left out firearms. What, are you drunk?

      --
      Pretending this is my office full of bitter coworkers..
    3. Re:Alcohol != joy loving by iggymanz · · Score: 1

      two words for you: french problem

    4. Re:Alcohol != joy loving by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Most people can drink alcohol in moderation and be totally fine. You may as well be telling us how fatty foods are giving us stomach and kidney and liver problems. If you have an addiction problem then you probably shouldn't drink, but it's simply ridiculous to try to push your teetotalism onto everyone when plenty of people manage to drink without any serious issue. If "don't drink any amount of alcohol at all, ever" was the medical consensus, then doctors would say that instead of saying that it's acceptable in moderation.

  13. Ethyl? would make you sick... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Ethanol is the type of alcohol in beverages.

  14. Not Emergence of Life by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'd argue that the release of alcohol isn't necessary for the emergence of life so much as the enjoyment of it.

  15. Re:Ethyl? would make you sick... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    > Ethyl? would make you sick...
    > Ethanol is the type of alcohol in beverages.

    Ethyl alcohol, alcohol of ethane or C2H5OH is just another name for ethanol. You're likely thinking of methyl alcohol, methanol, alcohol of methane, wood alcohol, wood naphtha, methyl hydrate, wood spirits or CH3OH

  16. 500 bottles of wine by tommeke100 · · Score: 1

    at 12% alcohol usually and a wine bottle being 75 cl, that's 45 Liters (11.88 gallons) of pure alcohol. Why this ridiculous comparison? How many beers is it?

  17. Not quite by nospam007 · · Score: 1

    Joy loving people don't 'give away' alcohol, the word you're looking for is 'throwing up'.

  18. How Was It Made? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's my understanding that ethyl alcohol is formed by yeast consuming sugars; the byproduct is ethyl alcohol. How else can ethyl alcohol form? It may be far fetched but did they unintentionally announce they had found a byproduct of life outside our planet?

    1. Re:How Was It Made? by jeffb+(2.718) · · Score: 2

      It's a small molecule, and therefore not hard to make via random processes (mix elements together and irradiate, for example).

      Ethanol is manufactured commercially, within Earth's biosphere by fermentation, but there are lots of other ways to form it. Partially oxidize hydrocarbons, combine ethylene (ethene) with water, reduce carbon dioxide or monoxide with hydrogen -- and those are just three off the top of my head that start with molecules common in space.

  19. the question is by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    was it murkian style piss, drops their knickers cheap wine or decent scotch whiskey?

  20. Recruiting Astronauts by MindPrison · · Score: 2

    Never before has so many alcoholics wanted to be an astronaut as of this discovery.

    I could swear I saw Barney Gumble at Nasa's main entrance yesterday.

    --
    What this world is coming to - is for you and me to decide.
  21. With an albedo under 5%... by jeffb+(2.718) · · Score: 1

    It's clearly guilty of Orbiting While Black. It should count itself lucky if it doesn't get the full Tempel 1 treatment.

  22. Fund NASA with booze by Jason+Levine · · Score: 2

    Step 1: Send a probe to the comet.
    Step 2: Collect alcohol & bring it back to Earth.
    Step 3: Bottle the alcohol.
    Step 4: Sell it to rich folks who like getting drunk.
    Step 5: Profit (for NASA).

    --
    My sci-fi novel, Ghost Thief, is now available from Amazon.com.
  23. Re:French Women by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That true? I got the weirdest boner right now.

  24. I'll pass by pjt33 · · Score: 1

    It may be a good year, but just look at the terroir.

  25. The Universe by U2xhc2hkb3QgU3Vja3M · · Score: 1

    Imports

    None. This is a by-product of infinity; it is impossible to import things into something that has infinite volume because by definition there is no outside to import things from.

    Exports

    None, for similar reasons as imports.

    1. Re:The Universe by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The real number line is infinite in extent, yet when embedded in a plane is easy to enter and leave. Z_2 is a finite group, yet the operations can't ever leave the group. Infinite vs. finite has nothing to do with whether something is closed or not...

  26. Re:A socialist FAQ on Bernie Sanders and the left by garyisabusyguy · · Score: 1

    There are no absolutist Socialists in America, at least not any with political power, media attention or even an inkling of popular support

    Even Bernie Sanders is many degrees away from suggesting that government should own the means of production, with his most 'Socialist' doctrine acting as an advocate of single-payer medicine.

    The things that he comes through strongest on are a progressive taxation system and access to education, which are long-held American aspirations

    I do not know any Anarchists, but the so-called Socialists that I know in America have been more than willing to accept incremental change and have seen their position shift greatly towards the center (or what used to be called the center before the gop went extremely far right on the country) over time

    --
    Wherever You Go, There You Are
  27. Not "complex" at all by the standards of biology. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Glycolaldehyde is not a sugar. From the Wiki:

    "It is the only possible diose, a 2-carbon monosaccharide, although a diose is not strictly a saccharide. While not a true sugar, it is the simplest sugar-related molecule."

    This molecule is less than half the size and complexity of the simple sugars most essential to life, like ribose and glucose.

    More importantly, "the complex organic molecules necessary for the emergence of life" would be things like enzymes, ribosomes, and a DNA or RNA blueprint for those machines. Each of those is hundreds to hundreds of thousands of times larger and more complex than glycolaldehyde or ethyl alcohol.

    As the odds of a specific complex, information-laden structure forming spontaneously drop exponentially with its size, even the discovery of true sugars in space would not be meaningful evidence that life-as-we-know-it could have begun through chance chemical interactions.

  28. There's a more plausible explanation by SlovakWakko · · Score: 2

    To me, this is all the necessary evidence of a secret Russian space program. I'd just like to know why they select such clumsy astronauts...

  29. Re:French Muslim Women by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Because arguing with bigoted assholes like you is a waste of time, fuck off back under the rock you climbed out from cunt.

  30. Go home comet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You're drunk.

  31. That's no Comet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's Ted Kennedy.

  32. Bender by Tighe_L · · Score: 1

    This is the first time I wish I could post a photo in comments: http://pre13.deviantart.net/eb...