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Future Phones May Use Vacuum Tube Chips As Silicon Hits Moore's Law Extremes (inverse.com)

An anonymous reader writes: A team of researchers want to replace transistors with vacuum tubes. Vacuum tubes are nothing new, however the ones in development at Caltech's Nanofabrication Group are a million times smaller than the ones in use 100 years ago. "Computer technologies seem to work in cycles," Alan Huang, a former electrical engineer for Bell Laboratories, told the New York Times. "Some of the same algorithms that were developed for the last generation can sometimes be used for the next generation." Dr. Axel Scherer, head of the Nanofabrication Group, said to the New York Times on Sunday, "Ten years ago, silicon transistors could meet all our demands. In the next decade, that will no longer be true." He argues silicon transistors can only take us so far. Vacuum tubes, for comparison, use tiny metal tubes that can control the flow of electricity. They're especially intriguing to researchers as they can provide a better solution to silicon transistors as they can consume less power and take-up a much smaller footprint. The report mentions they have the potential to bring an end to Moore's Law, even if silicon transistors show no signs of disappearing. For example, Lockheed Martin published new cooling methods in March that could help cool chips with tiny drops of water. With that said, Boeing has invested in researching vacuum tube chips. They may appear in the aviation industry before 2020, but it's unlikely we'll see Caltech's research appear in smartphones anytime soon.

13 of 147 comments (clear)

  1. Way tinier than silicon transisters, wow. by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 5, Funny

    Hmmmmmmmm. Or should I say "hummmmmmmm..."

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    (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
    1. Re:Way tinier than silicon transisters, wow. by BlueStrat · · Score: 5, Informative

      Time for new filter caps?

      Likely so.. Getting a good filter cap that's gong to work at 800 Volts is going to be fun though. Electrolytic's don't like over voltage about as much as reverse voltage... KAPOW...

      Vacuum tube amplifier tech here with 40+ years experience.

      Here's a 25uF @ 800V/900V-surge "firecracker" style.

      https://www.tubesandmore.com/p...

      More stuff here.

      https://www.tubesandmore.com/

      Even more here.

      http://www.fliptops.net/

      Another option is to series-connect two 450V or 500V capacitors to meet the 800V minimum rating requirement. I recommend placing a 100K Ohm 1-watt metal-film resistor across each of the two series-connected capacitors to make sure the voltage across each capacitor divides equally, as the ESR (effective resistance) of individual capacitors varies slightly from unit to unit and causes the voltage to divide unequally without the resistors which could possibly result in one of the capacitors "seeing" excess voltage. Usually not a problem, but why take a chance with a shortcut?.

      The resistors also act as a safety feature as "bleeder" resistors to prevent accidental shock from a stored charge long after power has been removed by slowly discharging ("bleeding") the capacitors after power is removed.

      As a safety tip, *always* keep one hand in your pants-pocket when performing tests/adjustments on live circuits to prevent completing a path to ground through one's chest. Human hearts don't take kindly to high voltage passing through them.

      Be careful and good luck!

      Strat

      --
      Progressivism (aka US 'Liberalism'): Ideas so good they need a police/surveillance-state to enforce.
    2. Re:Way tinier than silicon transisters, wow. by HornWumpus · · Score: 3, Informative

      And stand on the same side foot as the hand you're working with. Ground path not through chest.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
  2. What are they talking about? by avandesande · · Score: 5, Funny

    "but it's unlikely we'll see Caltech's research appear in smartphones anytime soon."

    I am reading on a phone right now you insensitive clod!

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    love is just extroverted narcissism
  3. EMP resistance by Firethorn · · Score: 4, Informative

    No, they wouldn't be as resistant on average, because yes, the biggest factor is size.

    That being said, EMP resistance gets 'complicated', and it's easier to stick a small chip inside a faraday cage than a room sized monster.

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    I don't read AC A human right
  4. Re: Better idea by Desler · · Score: 4, Insightful

    If it was censored, how would you be able to see it?

  5. Call me a geek by Tx · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Call me a geek if you like, but I really enjoy watching this video of a guy hand-making triode valves (AKA vacuum tubes), it's somehow very therapeutic. Yep, only vaguely on topic, but what the hell, we're talking about vacuum tubes.

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    Oh no... it's the future.
  6. How to design complementary logic by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Call me dumb if you want, but I design ASICs for a living. How am I supposed to design a chip with these devices. When I design in CMOS silicon, I have the choice of four different polysilicon well types (P, P+, N and N+). Do these devices require several voltage rails to provide bias, in the way that the dopant provides intrinsic bias in a FET?

    I'm not old enough to have designed valve circuits, but from what I vaguely recall, you only get emission from cathodes, so with no hole mobility I don't understand quite how these things are supposed to provide complementary logic.

    1. Re:How to design complementary logic by serviscope_minor · · Score: 3, Interesting

      You have to get the cathode hot enough for the electrons to want to leave and head for the plate and it takes fairly high voltages to make everything work, both of these are not good things for existing solid state devices where you want to keep the voltages and temperatures low. Doesn't seem like a good mix to me.

      That's the interesting thing: you don't. Another fun fact: once you get small enough atmospheric pressure air is essentially a quite good vacuum. The other thing is that field gradient alone can get electrons to leave without heating if it's high enough. For a high gradient you need either high voltages or high curvature. With nanoscale fabrication techniques, you can make quite extreme curvatures. Since the voltages are low, even a quite good vacuum is good enough because the electrons flying through it lack the energy to ionize air molecules.

      Look up "vacuum channel transistors".

      The best thing is, you can make them on a standard CMOS process.

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      SJW n. One who posts facts.
  7. Steam Punk by Tablizer · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Don't tell me, steam will also make a comeback.

    That's gonna be so cool: switch it on and you hear:

    Chug......chug...chug, chug, chug as puffy white smoke billows out.

    And then Microsoft will tell you, "640 gallons of water oughtta be enough for anyone!"

    1. Re:Steam Punk by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Steam never went away. Power plants that use heat (e.g., nuclear or gas) generally heat water to make steam and pass it through a turbine. Yeah, it's not the same thing as the huge piston steam engines with brass fittings that you're thinking of; but it's still steam.

  8. Looking forward to this by Waffle+Iron · · Score: 5, Funny

    I find that the results from numerical computations on today's transistor-based CPUs often have an undesirable "harshness".

    Vacuum tube CPUs will hopefully yield richer, more mellow computational results.

  9. How can they be "vacuum tubes" at this scale? by GuB-42 · · Score: 3, Informative

    A vacuum tube is a macroscopic device. An electrode is heated, electrons shoot out and their trajectory is controlled by charged grids.
    On microchip scales, it's all about quantum physics. Electrons are wave-like, they tend to teleport through obstacles, change size as they are heated or cooled down, really weird stuff. The math probably works but I wouldn't call these things "vacuum tubes" when the very notion of everything that makes up a vacuum tube is challenged at these scales.