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Luxury Liner SS United States Cannot Be Put Back In Service (miamiherald.com)

tomhath writes: Once the fastest ocean liner ever built, the SS United States has been mothballed for almost 50 years. An ambitious project to refurbish the SS United States as a luxury liner has been abandoned due to insurmountable technical and commercial obstacles. Plan B, to turn it into a floating hotel/convention center, might go forward. Miami Herald provides some history of the SS United States in its report: "The iconic 1950s vessel, which was bigger than the Titanic and once carried celebrities across the Atlantic Ocean, was set for a $700 million overhaul by the Los Angeles-based luxury line, which also has offices in Miami. The SS United States was decommissioned in 1969 and has been gutted and docked in Philadelphia for two decades on the Delaware River. On its maiden voyage in 1952, the ship traversed the Atlantic in three days, 10 hours and 42 minutes -- a record it held until 1990."

118 comments

  1. Someone has to shoot some apes on it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Someone has to shoot some apes with their babie on that ship to prevent war between ape and mankind.

  2. "by the Los Angeles-based luxury line" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "by the Los Angeles-based luxury line"

    Do slashdot staff even read the shit they publish?

  3. not all sub records are worth remembering by sittingnut · · Score: 1, Insightful

    not everything is worth remembering and celebrating. records get broken all the time. and everything can be made into a record by slicing words.

    usually if you don't know or care about the current record holder/prize winner/whatever, then there is not much reason to celebrate past winners of same.

    if there was nothing very original, innovative, and special, about a particular time slice of a record, it is not worth celebrating after it gets broken. mere footnotes and a row in record book used by specialists interested in that, is all it deserves. to scrapheap with rest.

    1. Re:not all sub records are worth remembering by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I read today that it was also a troop transport ship. I guess nowadays if we have to ship troops we have airplanes that can send them faster.

    2. Re:not all sub records are worth remembering by Deadstick · · Score: 4, Interesting

      More accurately, it was designed to be easily reconfigured as a troopship, which made a big federal subsidy available for its construction. That option was never exercised.

      The Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth did carry troops during WW2. They ran the North Atlantic without escorts, because they were so fast a U-Boat spotting them would have essentially no chance of getting into position for a shot.

    3. Re:not all sub records are worth remembering by nintendoeats · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Unfortunately we don't always get to choose what gets saved and what gets lost to time. I believe that once something exceeds a certain delta of age and signifigance it is almost always worth restoring and making use of. This fulfills the more nebulous roles of preservation, for example those of providing tangible reminders of history and allowing subtle details to be saved until we happen to find them interesting.

      Put another way, consider that other nautical wonder The Great Eastern. I think it lasted 20 years before being scrapped because it was of no further use. If it existed today I believe it would be restored as some kind of hotel/museum and we would be very happy to have it. However, at the time there was no basic instinct to preserve and so now 100 years later it is lost to us. We can only imagine how frigging (in the rigging) huge it was.

    4. Re:not all sub records are worth remembering by nukenerd · · Score: 1

      The Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth did carry troops during WW2. They ran the North Atlantic without escorts, because they were so fast a U-Boat spotting them would have essentially no chance of getting into position for a shot.

      They did have escorts, certainly in European waters, but they were not put in the routine slow convoys. They had a special escort which seemed to have included elderly light cruisers, because in October 1942 the QM cut one in half - HMS Curacoa (a WW1 veteran). While it would have been very difficult for a U Boat to torpedo such a fast target, there were still aircraft and even surface attakers to worry about.

    5. Re:not all sub records are worth remembering by toddestan · · Score: 1

      It's notable because it really represents the end of an era. The SS United States is really the last of its kind, as it wasn't long after it was built that airplanes took over the role of transporting passengers across the Atlantic, which pretty ended any advancements in ocean-going passenger liners(*). That's why it still holds records, some of which will likely never be broken, and why many people consider the ship to be special as it represents the peak of ocean liners.

      With that said, the current state of the ship is pretty sad. It's been out of service for almost 50 years, and as far as I'm concerned if something isn't going to be done with it, maybe it's time to let it go. Otherwise, it's just going sit around and continue to decay.

      (*) That's not to say the SS United States is the last passenger liner built. The most recent is the RMS Queen Mary II built in 2004. But modern ocean liners serve a different role than ships like the SS United States. and thus are built with different goals in mind.

  4. Actually, in this case... by Ecuador · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Actually in this case this ship is still a record holder. It still holds the once very important "Blue Riband", which is the record for the fastest westbound (i.e. against the gulf stream) cross-atlantic passenger voyage. Only its eastbound records have been broken and even those not by regular passenger service. So this truly seems to be the fastest cross-atlantic passenger ship ever built (especially if you consider it held almost 2000 passengers) and it was retired quite early in its life, because cross-atlantic ship voyages were no longer required.
    So, considering that, I do find it a shame nobody ever found another use for it...

    --
    Violence is the last refuge of the incompetent. Polar Scope Align for iOS
    1. Re:Actually, in this case... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In fact, the record that was broken in 1990, the east-bound one, was only broken by a much smaller catamaran with no passengers. And even so, it was only broken by hardly 1 knot in average speed!

    2. Re:Actually, in this case... by swb · · Score: 4, Interesting

      It was a pretty amazing design overall for any ship -- wood wasn't allowed in the framing or decoration and there was extensive use of aluminium. The top speed was kept something of a secret and the power to weight ratio is still the best for any commercial ocean liner.

      The cruising speed of 32 knots (37 mph) is still amazing for a vessel of this size and impressive even in comparison to nuclear powered military vessels. I've got a small speedboat that will do slightly over 40 mph on a calm inland lake, the notion that this can cruise at a similar speed is astonishing giving its size and open ocean conditions. The wind conditions on open decks would have been pretty harsh westbound -- I'd guess combined air speeds of 60 mph wouldn't be unlikely considering combined surface speed with wind speeds.

      It's an amazing design although I'm not at all surprised that return to service has been abandoned. IIRC, a lot has been stripped from the interior and the level of refit and refurbishment required is probably vast. They also used a lot of asbestos building it and dealing with that is probably a huge headache even if much of it could just be sealed and kept in place.

      Any private company would probably would be facing costs that wouldn't provide a ship that could produce the same return on investment as new construction. A new cruise ship would probably cost the same and provide a layout and accommodations far more in tune with modern expectations as well as much more passenger capacity.

      What market there is for long-haul passenger service is probably better served by smaller ships at higher levels of luxury that match the costs and number of people interested in and capable of the fares required, and they are probably not time sensitive enough to need speeds in excess of 25 knots.

    3. Re:Actually, in this case... by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      You sound like you might know: Have there ever been any nuclear-powered passenger vessels, or do all these big luxury liners burn diesel?

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    4. Re:Actually, in this case... by Registered+Coward+v2 · · Score: 1

      You sound like you might know: Have there ever been any nuclear-powered passenger vessels, or do all these big luxury liners burn diesel?

      No, only icebreakers and cargo ships as commercial vessels.

      --
      I'm a consultant - I convert gibberish into cash-flow.
    5. Re:Actually, in this case... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Have there ever been any nuclear-powered passenger vessels, or do all these big luxury liners burn diesel?

      Because instead of an incredible contributor to global warming, we'd like to have a radioactive source making the waters (in case it sank) causing more mutations...

      Parent> The cruising speed of 32 knots (37 mph) is still amazing for a vessel of this size and impressive even in comparison to nuclear powered military vessels.

      Also the above is not helpful at all: 32 knots is about 60 km/h. That's a quite low cruise speed for a car, for example.

      Knots and miles... *sigh*

    6. Re:Actually, in this case... by Deadstick · · Score: 1

      wood wasn't allowed in the framing or decoration

      A bit of good sense that navies had long since figured out...

    7. Re:Actually, in this case... by rmdingler · · Score: 5, Interesting
      --
      Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.

      Ernest Hemingway

    8. Re:Actually, in this case... by _merlin · · Score: 4, Interesting

      There actually haven't been many nuclear-powered civilian ships at all:

      • NS Savannah (US, merchant cargo ship, demonstration platform
      • Otto Hahn (Germany, ore/passenger configuration, re-engined with diesel propulsion, re-commissioned for container service)
      • Mutsu (Japan, freighter, never carried commercial cargo)
      • Sevmorput (USSR, icebreaking LASH carrier/container ship)
      • Lenin (USSR, icebreaker)
      • Arktika (USSR, icebreaker)
      • Sibir (USSR, icebreaker)
      • Rossiya (USSR, icebreaker)
      • Taymyr (USSR, icebreker)
      • Vaygach (USSR, icebreker)
      • 50 Let Pobedy (Russia, icebreaker)

        No luxury liners on the list. Ocean liners typically burn heavy fuel oil.

    9. Re:Actually, in this case... by JaredOfEuropa · · Score: 1

      Reminds me of the story of the SS Rotterdam. A consortium bought this old steam liner and expected to spend a couple million € to fix her up. Parly due to absestos the final bill ended up somewhere around €350 million. In the end they sold the ship to a hotel chain for €27 mil.

      --
      If construction was anything like programming, an incorrectly fitted lock would bring down the entire building...
    10. Re:Actually, in this case... by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      Because instead of an incredible contributor to global warming, we'd like to have a radioactive source making the waters (in case it sank) causing more mutations...

      The navy claims it has never lost a PWM. You do have to worry about the mining, though. Toxic tailings, etc etc.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    11. Re:Actually, in this case... by daremonai · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Also the above is not helpful at all: 32 knots is about 60 km/h. That's a quite low cruise speed for a car, for example.

      But a lot faster than the average car's cruise speed on water, though.

    12. Re:Actually, in this case... by swb · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The NS Savannah in the late 1950s/early 1960s was built as a combined cargo/passenger vessel as something of a demonstration of nuclear power in civilian maritime service. It had a pretty short career and was decommissioned in 1971, never quite successful as either a passenger ship (probably too late in that mode of travel's era) or as a cargo ship (the passenger component of the design compromising the cargo carrying nature).

      The remainder of passenger ships use diesel or bunker fuel. I think most contemporary designs are diesel-electric with diesel electric generators powering electric motor propulsion (pods or direct-shaft driven). Older designs used diesel or bunker fired boilers feeding multiple-reduction steam turbines driving the prop shafts.

      I haven't run across the use of gas turbines electric generator as power sources. Probably not fuel efficient enough for most use cases, although I'd wonder if there would be a use case in a modern mega cruiseliner which used both electric prop drive and had a giant baseload electric demand for passenger facilities.

    13. Re:Actually, in this case... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      The SS Normandie's death-by-fire in 1942 showed that extensive use of flammable decor had a downside:

      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdCXDkF0LfA

    14. Re:Actually, in this case... by LWATCDR · · Score: 1

      The NS Savannah was a mixed cargo passenger ship. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
      It had 30 staterooms and looked like it would have have been a very interesting way to travel.
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      --
      See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
    15. Re:Actually, in this case... by LWATCDR · · Score: 1

      The USS United States used the same power plant as the Iowa Class BBs. A lot of it's details where kept secret and like all ocean liners it was designed to be put into service as a Troop ship in case of war. Part of the problem was that they where going to swap out that old power plant and put in diesels which would have been a lot cheaper to run but would have made the ship a lot slower. They would have basicly needed to take the ship apart are rebuild it.

      --
      See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
    16. Re:Actually, in this case... by Solandri · · Score: 5, Informative

      I've got a small speedboat that will do slightly over 40 mph on a calm inland lake, the notion that this can cruise at a similar speed is astonishing giving its size and open ocean conditions.

      It's not that astonishing. The main speed constraint on a displacement hull like an ocean liner's is the bow wave. As a ship moves forward, the water it pushes aside has its pressure increased slightly, so it bulges upward at the bow. What goes up must come down, so this bulge eventually drops down to sea level, then overshoots and drops below sea level. This is called a bow wave. The key here is that this motion of this wave is dictated purely by the physics of the water (and the water depth, but that effect is small enough it can be ignored in the ocean). And that the front of this induced pressure wave is stuck to the bow of your ship (it's a standing wave when viewed from the ship), hence why it's called a bow wave.

      I'll skip the math, but the net effect is that at slow speeds, your ship is moving through multiple waves of its own creation and stays relatively level. But at a certain speed called the hull speed, the wavelength almost exactly matches the length of the ship, and the bulk of the ship's mass sinks down into the trough of its self-induced bow wave. At that point, your ship is basically trying to power itself "uphill" through the water (opposite of surfing), and the energy required to move faster increases dramatically.

      There are two ways to bypass this problem.

      • Stop displacing water. That's what your speedboat does. At speeds above about 20 knots, it starts planing on top of the water, instead of forcing its way through it. This lifts the hull out of the water, and thus no more standing wave problem.
      • Make the ship longer. The longer the ship is, the faster it can go before this standing bow wave lengthens to match the length of your ship. This is how displacement ships like ocean liners, cargo ships, and navy ships get around the problem. (Actually the nuclear powered navy ships can just increase energy output to power through this - it's not an absolute limit like the speed of light; and if you go fast enough the back of your ship climbs higher out of the trough so the energy requirement decreases).

      This is also the rationale for the bulb underneath the bow of large oil tankers and cargo ships. It's location underneath the water slightly forward of the ship makes the water act as if the ship is slightly longer (the bow wave starts earlier), allowing it to eek out a tiny bit more speed at the same amount of wave resistance.

    17. Re:Actually, in this case... by hackertourist · · Score: 1

      Some of those icebreakers are used for passenger cruises to the Arctic.

    18. Re:Actually, in this case... by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

      What market there is for long-haul passenger service is probably better served by smaller ships

      The reason the ocean liner has disappeared into the mists of history is that market is essentially zero. On top of that, the other two major sources of revenue for liners (immigrants and cargo) are also gone.
       
      Also note that ocean liners and cruise ships are two different animals. Liners operated like airlines, on a fixed schedule linking two points carrying the maximum number of passengers possible with the least discomfort possible. (OK, the last is not much like an airline.) A cruise ship is an all-in-one luxury resort that happens to be mobile and is primarily designed for extracting cash from the passengers. Converting the former into the latter is a tall order indeed due to the amenities that never appeared on liners that are considered de rigueur on cruise ships.

    19. Re:Actually, in this case... by Holi · · Score: 1

      Sure she was a step in the process of learning how to attach an aluminum superstructure to a steel hull. But it's not like the US Navy wasn't also working on that issue, her major accomplishment was being the fastest for her time. The only reason she holds the westbound speed record today is because we have commercial flight, no takes a ship as transportation anymore.

      --
      Sorry, teleporters just kill you and then make a copy. A perfect, soul-less copy.
    20. Re:Actually, in this case... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The hull speed of the S.S. United States is north of forty knots. It was not a limiting factor.

      You're right about the bulby bows, but the idea there is fuel efficiency, not speed.

      AC

    21. Re: Actually, in this case... by Type44Q · · Score: 1

      What are you, a goddamn naval architect?! I'm very impressed with the depth of your knowledge; thanks for sharing! :)

    22. Re: Actually, in this case... by Miamicanes · · Score: 1

      If you want to appeal to anyone besides ultra-elderly passengers whose adult children are treating the cruise like an ad-hoc assisted living facility to get rid of their parents for a few weeks, you have to get the travel time back down to 4 or 5 days, max... Long enough for customers to do a transatlantic cruise, spend a couple of days in Europe, then fly home in the span of a week.

      Anything that demands more than 8 days is going to PROFOUNDLY limit the number of potential passengers, because most Americans just don't have enough days off per year to do it.

      Typical transatlantic repositioning cruises with normal modem cruise ships are 10 days MINIMUM (New York to Southampton), and are more likely to be 14-20 days. And the internet access is pretty awful. The Caribbean is starting to get onboard broadband thanks to satellite spot beams and terrestrial Wimax/LTE (courtesy of nearby undersea fiber between Miami and South America, and few areas where there isn't at least a sandbar suitable for a radio tower), but the mid-Atlantic is another matter entirely. For most of a NY to Southampton cruise, you'd be lucky to get 128kbps shared by everyone on the ship... At about a dollar per minute of usage.

    23. Re:Actually, in this case... by dryeo · · Score: 1

      Towards the end of Ocean Liners, they were often designed to also do cruises. This was true for the ocean liner my family took across the Atlantic in 1966, the Empress of Canada, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... , which along with her sister ships, was built in the late '50's-1960. From wiki,

      However, Empress of Canada was designed to be Canadian Pacific's premier cruise ship during the winter months and rarely sailed on the liner service in winter.

      --
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism
    24. Re:Actually, in this case... by NotAPK · · Score: 2

      Also seaworthiness.

      In heavy seas the bow of a ship (otherwise optimized for speed) can sink dangerously low into the waves. The bulb at the front helps to lift the bow out of the ocean and also reduces pitching. The safety aspect diminishes with the size of the ship: the largest-sized vessels don't need it, but ships sized in the 50-150 ton range can benefit significantly.

      The latest tumblehome design (see Zumwalt class destroyers) is being criticized extensively for it's innate lack of seaworthiness.

    25. Re:Actually, in this case... by nukenerd · · Score: 1

      I believe that once the Blue Riband was obtained, some of the boilers and possibly turbines were removed to give more passenger and/or cargo capacity, and hence the speed was reduced. The Blue Riband run was a one-off for the prestige. The power-speed relationship is a cube law and it was no way economical to do regular trans-Atlantic runs at 35 Knots.

      As a matter of interest, the power, displacement and speed were very similar to a WW2 Iowa class battleship (240,000 hp / 45,000 tons / 35 kts).. To emphasise the steep power-speed relationship of displacement (ie non-planing) vessels, consider the WW2 British Abdiel class of fast minelayers : diminutive ships of only 2600 tons that could do 40 knots but required 72,000 hp to do it (1/3 of that of USS Iowa & SS United States for a ship 1/20th of the displacement)).

    26. Re:Actually, in this case... by Registered+Coward+v2 · · Score: 1

      The NS Savannah was a mixed cargo passenger ship. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... It had 30 staterooms and looked like it would have have been a very interesting way to travel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      correct, but cargo ships that have a passenger carrying capacity are not that unusual, but AFAIK no passenger liners were nukes. I knew someone who was a reactor operator on the Savannah, you're right it was an interesting vessel.

      --
      I'm a consultant - I convert gibberish into cash-flow.
    27. Re:Actually, in this case... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The fastest ocean crossings were (and still are) done by nuclear submarines and aircraft carriers. Governments don't talk about how fast they are for obvious reasons, but they're much faster than the SS United States was.

    28. Re:Actually, in this case... by BitZtream · · Score: 0

      I've got a small speedboat that will do slightly over 40 mph on a calm inland lake

      Thats not a speed boat. My bass boat will do 70 mph if the ripple is just enough to break the suction on plane ... but thats not a speed boat either.

      If you're not hitting 80-90mph, its not a speed boat, its just a boat.

      --
      Persistent Volume manager for Kubernetes - https://github.com/dwimsey/openshift-pvmanager
    29. Re:Actually, in this case... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It is no where near the fastest ever built. Just modern day liners have no interest in chasing records, the dollar is far more important and you don't get that with high speed fuel guzzling crossings.

    30. Re:Actually, in this case... by ls671 · · Score: 1

      Hmm.. that made me think of The first Jumbo Jet to be flown commercially and where it ended up, It doesn't have to be floating nor flying:
      http://www.darkroastedblend.co...

      --
      Everything I write is lies, read between the lines.
    31. Re:Actually, in this case... by thegarbz · · Score: 1

      I just got off a cruise liner and was wondering about that bulb at the front. Thanks a lot for your post.

    32. Re:Actually, in this case... by hackertourist · · Score: 1

      The wind conditions on open decks would have been pretty harsh westbound

      There used to be a fast ferry service between Dover and Calais, using a Incat 74 m catamaran that ran at 42 kts to do the trip in 45 min. They had a small open space at the back of the ship, just above the water jets. You couldn't look forward from that deck, it was enclosed on 3 sides with only a view aft. Nevertheless, at full speed there'd be a howling gale on that deck, I felt I had to hold on to my glasses as otherwise they'd have been blown off.
      This was nominally the smoking space, but I don't think many people managed to finish a cigarette there.

    33. Re:Actually, in this case... by david_thornley · · Score: 1

      One inaccuracy: nuclear ships do not have unlimited power. They can keep up near-maximum power for a long, long time, so they can travel long distances fast, but that doesn't affect top speed.

      The power has to go from the main source (boilers, diesel or gas engines, hamster wheels, whatever) through the ship into the water, which means that one limiting factor on speed is the screws. They've got to be a lot better at high speeds than they were in WWII, but there will be limits.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
    34. Re:Actually, in this case... by david_thornley · · Score: 1

      The big difference between a nuclear ship and a non-nuclear ship is sustained speed, not top speed. The nuke is just the power plant, and the power has to go through the ship's systems and be applied to the ocean by the screws in either case, and having more power than the screws can use efficiently is not going to help top speed.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
    35. Re:Actually, in this case... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's bitztream, the autism-hating Slashdot troll!

    36. Re:Actually, in this case... by stoatwblr · · Score: 1

      "it was retired quite early in its life"

      If you look at the lifespans of modern passenger ships, 20 years is about normal.

      They're sometimes onsold to third-level operators but even then it's unusual to see one more than 40 years old.

    37. Re:Actually, in this case... by stoatwblr · · Score: 1

      Savannah was a pretty unfortunate design.

      It didn't carry enough passengers to be economic and it couldn't handle containers - which was unfortunate when containerisation was taking over the cargo trade. That essentially relegated her to low yield operations.

      Otto Hahn had similar problems and PWR reactors are simply too fiddly for commercial use, which in turn means they're expensive to operate thanks to labour costs.

      If/when LFTRs are commercialised they should prove worthwhile for large operators to look at as the vast majority of operations can be automated and the things can provide on-demand power (steamers generally can't, which is one of the reasons they're no longer built. The others are lower efficiency and far higher maintenance load. With virtually all nuclear plants being steamers, it's pretty much the case that it's only navies still operating the technology.)

    38. Re:Actually, in this case... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It was just 18 years and expensive, luxury, high-profile ships serve for more than 20 years, with "over 30" being the norm. The QE II served for almost 40 years, the QE before it and sister Queen Mary over 30, the SS France/Norway over 40, Sovereign of the Seas still going strong etc. In fact, if you want to look at other American passenger ships entering service the same year (1951) you can see that the trans-Atlantic SS Constitution was only retired in 1995 (44 years) and the sister ship SS Independent retired in 2001, after half a century in service.
      18 years was too early for any ship, never mind the (still) fastest ocean liner ever built...

    39. Re:Actually, in this case... by NotAPK · · Score: 1

      Not that anyone cares by now, but the bulbous bows in my final link are all shown on military vessels where they nearly always contain sonar gear.

    40. Re:Actually, in this case... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There are some good posts in this blog - it makes a change that the English and technical knowlege is good and there are no copulatory adjectives scattered between the prose...
      But I digress... I had the pleasure of being at sea for some 18 years, starting at the time of the passenger ship demise in the early 60s. I ended up in Canadian Pacific after they had sold their last two ships to Carnival Cruise Lines (they became the Carnivale and the Mardi Gras). A really groundbreaking ship in this company however, was the Empress of Britain (1931), as she was the first UK transatlantic liner to have water-tube boilers, closely followed by the Queen Mary. All the other large UK liners from the Mauretania/Lusitania through Titanic/Olympic/Britannic, Aquitania (and maybe the German liners of which I don't know that much) were all Scotch boilers of the fire-tube design.
      The watertube boilers limited the amount of space required for housing the boilers (the older liners had boilers for most of the length of the ship) and there was another innovation which was the "Johnson Boiler" designed by the then 27-year-old Johnny Johnson, the Technical Superintendent of the company. This boiler had a better output than the main Yarrow boilers fitted in the ship, but what happened to the design after that I don't know, probably superseded by a better design.
      The ship's machinery was designed by Johnson for transatlantic crossings in winter using all four screws, with summer time cruising using only the centre pair, with the outer shafts rendered inoperative by removal of the screws and the with turbines mothballed. The reduction in speed was quite minimal but the reduction in fuel consumption was considerable. Not the "live sheep carriers" of today perhaps, but the start of a vision which has since taken off worldwide.
      Unfortunately, this lovely vessel didn't survive long as she was torpedoed in the Second World War - all that work and innovation gone to the bottom - but she was the forerunner for the Empress boats that came after her, all of which were good ships.

  5. Is this a metaphor? by quenda · · Score: 1

    Trump alone can fix it.

    1. Re:Is this a metaphor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Trump will make the SS United States great again. And Mexico will pay for it.

    2. Re:Is this a metaphor? by mobby_6kl · · Score: 4, Funny

      But can he make SS United States great again?

    3. Re:Is this a metaphor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      MAGA

    4. Re: Is this a metaphor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      He can't even make himself great

    5. Re: Is this a metaphor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      He doesn't need to make himself great, he was born great.

    6. Re:Is this a metaphor? by iggymanz · · Score: 1

      If we build a wall on its deck, we can keep the undesirable passengers out!

    7. Re:Is this a metaphor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Don't you fucks ever get sick of squeaking on about nothing? You'll get your Hitlery and you'll be held responsible for the hell she brings on earth.

    8. Re: Is this a metaphor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      He would love to build up a new United States SS, I'm sure

      (yes, Shultzstaffel, not Social Security)

    9. Re: Is this a metaphor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They are all bad, and we will continue to get raped in the ass no matter what. It is a matter now of which dick will hurt less.

    10. Re:Is this a metaphor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The only undesirable passengers are the ones who don't pay.

    11. Re:Is this a metaphor? by iggymanz · · Score: 1

      not with this metaphor, they can be "paying" (create wealth by working, help economy by spending), but undesirable because they talk funny and are brown

    12. Re:Is this a metaphor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That you never bother to question whether economic concerns ought to predominate so fully over cultural concerns in every single dispute is nothing but a reflection of your own unthinking Mammon worship.

      Even within the sphere of purely economic calculations, it is pretty clear to anyone who doesn't have their head up a Jew's ass that these unskilled mestizos are not benefiting the economics of anyone who isn't already a 1%er.

    13. Re: Is this a metaphor? by shmlco · · Score: 1

      Being born of an immigrant mother and a father who, himself, had immigrant parents.

      --
      Any sect, cult, or religion will legislate its creed into law if it acquires the political power to do so.
    14. Re:Is this a metaphor? by shmlco · · Score: 1

      Hell on earth? "But why can't we use atomic bombs???"

      --
      Any sect, cult, or religion will legislate its creed into law if it acquires the political power to do so.
    15. Re:Is this a metaphor? by metamatic · · Score: 1

      No, but he might start an SS in the United States.

      --
      GCHQ Quantum Insert installed. If only our tongues were made of glass, how much more careful we would be when we speak
    16. Re:Is this a metaphor? by iggymanz · · Score: 1

      what culture? lots of cultures and subcultures in the USA already. Latin american culture already here by plenty of legal citizens. Work getting done for pay and people then spending that money is how the economy functions.

      Do you work for a living or are you a parasite on someone else?

  6. Re:Please, please, please by smooth+wombat · · Score: 2

    You want to trade the view of an historic ship for a view of New Jersey? Talk about an eyesore!

    --
    We will bankrupt ourselves in the vain search for absolute security. -- Dwight D. Eisenhower
  7. the obstacles by doug141 · · Score: 1

    "But during inspections of the ship, experts found that bringing the ship to today’s standards would require “significant” changes to the hull, which could create stability challenges for the ship. Installing a modern diesel electric propulsion plant would also require rebuilding about 25 percent of the hull, Crystal said. Essentially, the ship require rebuilding from the inside out. "

    1. Re:the obstacles by muecksteiner · · Score: 2

      Yeah, film at 11. 60 year old rusty hulk would require extensive re-build to accommodate a propulsion plant it was never designed for.

      What the hell did these guys expect? A new coat of paint, and it's ready to go again? I mean, any sane person should have approached this with a mindset of "this will likely cost more than a new build. But this is (insert famous ship name here) after all, so commercial considerations should not be the main motivators." Any other way of approaching such a job would be just hare-brained.

    2. Re:the obstacles by colfer · · Score: 1

      Sounds like it was built like a tank to resist U-boats, and fitted with diesels sized for aircraft carriers. The Wikipedia page is worth a read. To fireproof it and save weight the Navy specified building the ballroom piano out of aluminum. Eventually they found a naturally fire resistant wood for the instrument.

      The propellers are on display in museums already, and the interior was gutted and fixtures sold off long ago. Why the hull mods? Maybe the heavy compartmentalization required by the Navy still obstructs putting in big rooms???

    3. Re:the obstacles by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The ship originally had boilers and turbines. I think it's perfectly reasonable to have thought that a modern diesel-electric power plant could be retrofitted into the hull.

      But I'm sure the shipping line's engineers thought of all of this because they are the pros - I'm just a dipshit software developer and am absolutely unqualified to second guess folks who are in the profession.

    4. Re:the obstacles by Deadstick · · Score: 1

      Sounds like it was built like a tank to resist U-boats

      No, built like a speedboat to outrun them. Submerged U-Boats were agonizingly slow, and their chances of spotting the ship on the horizon and getting into position for a torpedo shot before it passed by were essentially nil. Hitler offered a whopping bounty to any U-Boat skipper who nailed the Queen Mary or Queen Elizabeth, but nobody ever got a shot off.

      fitted with diesels

      Steam turbines.

    5. Re:the obstacles by muecksteiner · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Have you ever taken a closer look at a steam turbine installation on a major vessel? I am a software developer like you, but one of my grandfathers was a ship-building engineer (on large turbine-powered ships in the 30ies and 40ies, to boot), so there is some nerdy knowledge in the family. These installations are extremely intricate, and have to be more or less woven into the fabric of the ship: a modern diesel-electric set-up is plug and play by comparison (apart from the gigantic size of the machinery involved, that is).

      I assume that the actual marine engineers in that company tried to tell their managers that this would not work, but that the PR department got to make a press release first. Or something like that.

    6. Re:the obstacles by LWATCDR · · Score: 4, Informative

      " fitted with diesels sized for aircraft carriers"
      Aircraft carriers do not use diesels. Maybe some Jeep carriers and ships like LPH but not the big carriers.
      They uses massive steam turbines and yes the USS United States used a power plant very much like the one used in the first generation of US super carriers.
      From http://www.ss-united-states.ne...

      "Propulsion: The ship was able to attain such a high rate of speed due to an unrivaled power-to-weight ratio. The SS United States was a quadruple screw vessel, powered by 4 Westinghouse steam turbines, rotating at 5240 rpm, which produced up to a combined 247,785 shaft horsepower (SHP). Today's nuclear powered aircraft carriers only produce slightly more power than this. Her oil-burning boilers could reach 1,200 degrees F, causing the turbines to spin faster than than any ship of her day. The Big U could steam for 10,000 miles without stopping to refuel. The SS United States was a mere 28 feet shorter than the Queen Mary, but due to the extensive usage of aluminum in her superstructure (2,000 tons) weighed only 53,290 tons, roughly 30,000 tons less than the Queen Mary. The SS United States was such a success that its hull and engine designs were placed in nearly all large naval battle ships, and the ship itself was the prototype for the first super aircraft carriers, the Forrestal class. On the Big U, the powerplant was slightly derated because boiler superheat temp was lowered from 1,000 degrees to about 925 in the interests of reliability/maintenance. The Carriers actually generated 5,000 to 10,000 SHP per shaft more than the Big U. The propulsion system was a closely guarded secret until the 1970s. "

      --
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    7. Re:the obstacles by bws111 · · Score: 1

      It was never stated that this was a done deal. It was announced as a feasibility study, and this is the result of the study.

    8. Re:the obstacles by nukenerd · · Score: 1

      I'm sure the shipping line's engineers thought of all of this because they are the pros - I'm just a dipshit software developer and am absolutely unqualified to second guess folks who are in the profession.

      I've no doubt they did think of it (ex-marine engineer myself). However I expect that the marketing department pushed this idea as far as it would go.

    9. Re:the obstacles by nukenerd · · Score: 1

      Sounds like it was built like a tank to resist U-boats, and fitted with diesels sized for aircraft carriers. The Wikipedia page is worth a read.

      Read it yourself : it was steam propelled ("SS" is a clue).

    10. Re:the obstacles by evilviper · · Score: 1

      Aircraft carriers do not use diesels.

      So perhaps the four, 11MW WÃrtsilà 38 diesel engines aboard the HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales are just paperweights?

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      Slashdot gets worse every day... Pipedot: News for nerds, without the corporate slant
    11. Re:the obstacles by LWATCDR · · Score: 1

      They are not in service yet and they are still VSTOL carriers just big ones. Also they will still have turbines as well. Just in this case gas turbines. Frankly the UKs fixation issues I have always found very odd. The way the clung to the Comet/Nimrod even after the AEW disaster is a good example. The fact that they didn't build this generation of carriers as CATOBAR is another. They are just really hung up on VSTOL.

      --
      See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
    12. Re:the obstacles by evilviper · · Score: 1

      they are still VSTOL carriers just big ones.

      As you hint at later, they were designed and intended to be CATOBAR. They decided the extra cost was going to be prohibitive in the middle of the process and switched to VSTOL. I suppose if your Navy is limited to F-35s aircraft anyhow, you might as well buy the VSTOL version and try to recover some money elsewhere.

      they will still have turbines as well.

      Yes, all sharing the load, but they definitely have big diesel engines in there.

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    13. Re:the obstacles by LWATCDR · · Score: 1

      " I suppose if your Navy is limited to F-35s aircraft anyhow, you might as well buy the VSTOL version and try to recover some money elsewhere."
      Not really. For one big issue you are limited to helicopter AEW vs the E2 Hawkeye. Second the VSTOL F35 carries a smaller load a shorter distance then the CATOBAR F35 and the big issue is carry back aka you may have to drop some expensive weapons into the sea to land. Also the VSTOL F35 will be more complex to maintain and operate.

      The QE carrier did not start out as CATOBAR except maybe at the very early stage. When the VSTOL F35 started to have issues they actually started to look at going to CATOBAR but decided it was too expensive. I fear that will end up biting them in the rear, I see the them going back into dry dock for an expensive refit soon. The QE seems in many ways closer to the USS America LHA than a CV like the Nimitz or the new Ford class.
      They also can only carry half the fixed air wing of US carriers. It is closer to a super I for the life of me do not know why the UK did not just buy E-3 AWACS to start but maybe with Rolls Royce engines if they really wanted instead of the AEW Nimrod that failed. Bought the P3 to replace the Nimrod or wait for the P-8 to be ready before blowing huge money on an upgraded Nimrod that failed.

      --
      See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
    14. Re:the obstacles by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I remember when she was built, and my mother was reading about it from the newspaper. Everything was aluminium, and the only wood was the butcher's block!

  8. Re:Please, please, please by jellomizer · · Score: 3, Interesting

    The nice part about living by the bay is eating all the ships come and go. Having a ship permanently docked there slowly rusting away is an eye sore.
    Just like going to an impoverished rust belt town where the building are just getting abused and slowly decaying.

    Sure the building may be 125 years old with some unique architecture however it is slowly rotting away. So other than trying to keep that building there for historical reason they should make sure it is fixed up or knocked down and replaced. Sometimes we are so fixated on history that we are using as an excuse to avoid progress.

    --
    If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
  9. just scrap it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Why does anybody care about a 60+ old ship? Old ships of far more fame get scrapped all the time. How many WW2 era ships were scrapped, even though they fought in many battles?

    So what if has the name SS United States, it's not special, just scrap the floating heap of junk before it sinks.

    1. Re: just scrap it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why scrap it? Fire a nuclear torpedo at it.

    2. Re:just scrap it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It is special, moron, and not because of the name. It still has the record for fastest Atlantic crossing.

    3. Re:just scrap it by nukenerd · · Score: 2

      So what if has the name SS United States, it's not special

      It's special because it was the fastest ever passenger liner, and one of the last, if not the last, of the great trans-atlantic liners that once represented an entire cultural era.

    4. Re:just scrap it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Is there a lot of competition for the title of "fastest Atlantic crossing" these days?

      It WAS special
      FTFY

  10. Economy. by pthfdr · · Score: 0

    Luxury Liar "United Statis" Cannot Be Put Back In Service.
    ^D

  11. Re:Please, please, please by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    > Sometimes we are so fixated on history that we are using as an excuse to avoid progress.

    But usually we are so fixated on progress that we use it as an excuse to avoid history.

  12. Is there really demand for it as an ocean liner? by damn_registrars · · Score: 1

    Even if it can cross the ocean in under 4 days, it still doesn't seem like something that a lot of people would be interested in paying money for in the current era. The floating hotel seems like a better idea to me.

    --
    Damn_registrars has no butt-hole. Damn_registrars has no use for a butt-hole.
  13. Re: Is there really demand for it as an ocean line by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Try folding grandma into cattle class from Chicago to Paris after getting her molested by the TSA. She has time, this would be much better if anywhere close to cost comparable. Similarly, flying with littles is miserable. This would be reasonable for moving and going for long vacations.

  14. Alert Clive Cussler! by dpilot · · Score: 1

    The SS United States figured prominently in one of his Dirk Pitt (Yes, somehow I spent some time reading several of them.) books.

    --
    The living have better things to do than to continue hating the dead.
    1. Re:Alert Clive Cussler! by sconeu · · Score: 2

      Yep. It was Flood Tide.

      The baddies were going to use it to block the Mississippi at a narrow point near New Orleans, to redirect it to a new docking facility that they'd built in the middle of nowhere.

      --
      General Relativity: Space-time tells matter where to go; Matter tells space-time what shape to be.
  15. FBI BurEAU Head SS what by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Oh you mean Slashdot is FBI now.

    ur

  16. Do convention centers need to sail? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If it's just going to be a motel/convention center why not just dig a small canal inland a few hundred feet in an appropriate location, tow the ship into the "canal", seal off one end of the canal and replace the water around it with cement. Transforming it from marine vessel to rigid structure gets rid of most of the regulation/safety requirements, simplify maintenance and probably half costs.

  17. Great explanation by slashrio · · Score: 1

    Thanks!

    --
    "Trump!!", the new Godwin.
  18. "Cannot"? Misleading title. by chaoskitty · · Score: 1

    It obviously CAN be put back in to service. To put it back in to service in a desirable manner, a lot of work would need to be done. They've decided it's too much work, which is different from saying it cannot be done.

  19. Re: Is there really demand for it as an ocean lin by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Or for transporting pets

  20. Re:Please, please, please by c · · Score: 4, Funny

    The nice part about living by the bay is eating all the ships come and go.

    That certainly explains Tokyo's giant monster problem.

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    Log in or piss off.
  21. Re: Please, please, please by Type44Q · · Score: 1

    The nice part about living by the bay is eating all the ships come and go.

    Gojira-san, is that you?

  22. My impression by OrangeTide · · Score: 1

    Is that it cannot be done for less than $700 million, apparently. At least not at a profit.

    --
    “Common sense is not so common.” — Voltaire
  23. Re: Please, please, please by Jeremiah+Cornelius · · Score: 1

    I'd read the "Please, please, please" heading as a James Brown quote, but Henny Youngman seems more appropriate.

    Crystal said Friday that while the ship is structurally sound, the technical and commercial challenges with restoring the rusting, docked ship to the high seas were too titanic to undertake.

    --
    "Flyin' in just a sweet place,
    Never been known to fail..."
  24. Re:Is there really demand for it as an ocean liner by joe_frisch · · Score: 1

    No, I don't think it has any practical value. It is just the last and greatest of the ocean liners, a piece of history. It is (for irrational reasons) sad to see a great piece of technology rot away.

  25. Re: Is there really demand for it as an ocean line by damn_registrars · · Score: 1

    Try folding grandma into cattle class from Chicago to Paris after getting her molested by the TSA. She has time,

    If grandma has the time but finds steerage class unbearable on an airplane (which is absolutely a valid complaint, I can't stand the airlines for long as I'm 6'3" myself), what is she going to do for 4 days on the ship? Is she mobile enough to take care of herself on the long trip? Otherwise if you need to send someone with her to make sure she's OK who is that going to be?

    this would be much better if anywhere close to cost comparable

    Unfortunately it almost certainly would not be cost comparable. An airplane has a crew of 4-8 staffing it for 8 hours. An ocean liner has a crew of at least 100, staffed for 4 days at a time. As much as airplanes are not the most fuel efficient vehicles on the planet, ocean liners are even worse still.

    Similarly, flying with littles is miserable.

    It certainly is, and this allows the parents to get their screaming kids further from the rest of the passengers. However the cost (both money and time) is such that families will likely still want to fly instead.

    This would be reasonable for moving

    If you're not in a hurry to get there, I suppose. I don't know the space allotment for this ship but the last time I was on a cruise it was basically one full-size suitcase per passenger (maybe more for first class cabins? I don't know) so it wouldn't really be that great unless you have most of your belongings going by some other (presumably slower) method.

    and going for long vacations.

    That is what I expect it would be used for most if it became sea-worthy again. The problem though is that ocean liners are vastly different animals from today's cruise ships. Water slides? Nope. All-you-can eat buffets open all the time? Generally no. Numerous eating options? Not likely. Multiple stops and ports of call? Probably not. Shopping? Generally no. Communication to the land? Generally no. This was about point-to-point transportation. Modern cruise ships trade off speed for relaxation and luxury options (and of course make up for it by selling you stuff and opening their on-board casino while they are in international waters).

    Don't get me wrong, I think this could still be an interesting ship to travel on - especially at the speeds it used to be capable of - but I don't think it is something a lot of people would use more than once. For that matter I don't think a lot of people would even use it that many times.

    --
    Damn_registrars has no butt-hole. Damn_registrars has no use for a butt-hole.
  26. LOSEadelphia strikes again by BlytheBowman · · Score: 1

    Leave it to Philly to get its hands on something nice and turn it to shit (Yes, I was born+raised in Philly, and the only thing it has going for it is it's historic land marks. I'm suprised it hasn't managed to destroy those too.)

    1. Re:LOSEadelphia strikes again by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "its" is the possesive form. "it's" is a contraction of "it is"

  27. Parking? by sootman · · Score: 1

    From Wikipedia: "Since 1996 she has been docked at Pier 82 on the Delaware River in Philadelphia."

    What does it cost to leave something that huge parked in (what I presume is) a good spot in a major city for twenty years?

    Google map: https://goo.gl/maps/CG8Tyhw2g8...

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    1. Re:Parking? by Jayfar · · Score: 1

      From Wikipedia: "Since 1996 she has been docked at Pier 82 on the Delaware River in Philadelphia."

      What does it cost to leave something that huge parked in (what I presume is) a good spot in a major city for twenty years?

      Currently $60,000 per month, but I don't know who owns the dock. It's right by the Walmart and there's a lovely view of the ship from the Ikea cafeteria across the road.

  28. $700 million to refurbish? by SvnLyrBrto · · Score: 1

    According to Wikipedia, the Queen Mary 2, at more than twice the tonnage and only two knots slower, took $900 million (£460 million, actually.) to build NEW. Toss in the original construction price after adjusting for inflation, and to get a total price tag of $1.4 billion and change. How is this in any way worth it?

    --
    Imagine all the people...
    1. Re:$700 million to refurbish? by OrangeTide · · Score: 1

      If owning a luxury liner is just an extension of my penis, then it is always worth it.

      --
      “Common sense is not so common.” — Voltaire
  29. Re: Is there really demand for it as an ocean line by dryeo · · Score: 1

    Ocean Liners usually had pretty big cargo holds. People used to take their automobiles as baggage. The ocean liner I took across the Atlantic had 3 swimming pools, a few shops, large dining hall where you could get munchies almost anytime though I think meals were served in shifts. Communication to the land was even common on the Titanic where the radio operator spent most of his time sending messages from the passengers. 1st class was also usually pretty luxurious.
    Note that often the later ocean liners were often designed to do cruises in the winter as well. This was true for the ship I traveled on, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

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  30. It's just the wrong kind of ship. by hey! · · Score: 3, Informative

    $700 million is comparable to what you'd pay to construct a brand new cruise ship. And what they'd end up if they renovated the United States wouldn't be a cruise ship, it'd be an ocean liner.

    The difference between a liner and a cruise ship is this: a liner is built to perform regularly scheduled service between ports. Even if the seas are high and there's a storm blowing an ocean liner still goes out because her purpose is to get her passengers to point B when the schedule says they'll be there. So an ocean-liner has to be built to be very fast and very seaworthy.

    When air travel supplanted sea travel the companies who owned ocean liners repurposed them for leisurely pleasure cruising. However for this purpose ocean liners are over-built in certain respects and under-built in others. A cruise ship doesn't have to be fast, or shed high seas or stand up to gale force winds. What she needs to do is to take as many people and amusements as possible, at a leisurely pace, into as many interesting places as possible.So cruise ships look nothing like the elegant ocean greyhounds of old like the SS Normandie or the SS United States. A modern cruise ship is basically a top-heavy motorized barge which, despite having jaw-dropping dimensions, can squeeze into shallow harbors that normally can't handle big ships. And they're pokey, even by the standards of 1930s ocean-liners. Cruise passengers aren't really paying to go places, they're paying to spend time on the ship. The ship's ports of call are just for breaking the monotony of incessant luxuriating.

    At present there is only one active vessel in the world that is capable of providing true liner service: the RMS Queen Mary 2. Although she resembles a modern cruise ship in her amenities she carries relatively few passengers (2700) for her size (79,000 tons) and cost ($900 million). For a hundred million less you could have a pure cruise ship that carries 1/3 more passengers, and into shallower harbors too. She couldn't sail around the Horn in July in the teeth of a winter gale, but the market for that particular experience is somewhat limited.

    Looking at the article, one of the concerns that led to abandoning the SS United States project is the stability of the ship. So clearly they weren't restoring the United States to her original 1950s configuration. That was stable enough but only provided 1900 berths, and those in conditions that while elegant enough would be spartan by modern standards. You wouldn't have swimming pools, bowling alleys, planetariums, or any of the other ridiculous things modern ship designers throw in to astonish and delight their customers. These people must have wanted to transform the SS US into a kind of hybrid liner-cruise ship like the QM2. For that they'd have add space for a lot more passengers along with all the amenities they'd expect on their very expensive vacation. Since you can't make the hull bigger, that means building up. Way up.

    Even if they succeeded in the technical challenges of squeezing all that stuff into the hull, the commercial viability of the project is doubtful. There is no practical need in this world for a vessel like the QM2; her sole reason for existing is thrilling customers who are so jaded that an ordinary extraordinary ship just won't do. Only an unique ship will.

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  31. Re:Please, please, please by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    >Sometimes we are so fixated on history that we are using as an excuse to avoid progress.

    Conservatism in a nutshell.

  32. breaking the monotony of incessant luxuriating by DarthVain · · Score: 1

    lol!

    totally stealing that for future use sometime...

  33. Turned the engines to 11 ... by RockDoctor · · Score: 1
    ... and never went beyond 10 again.

    On its maiden voyage in 1952, the ship traversed the Atlantic in three days, 10 hours and 42 minutes -- a record it held until 1990.

    When I read things like this, I take this as meaing that they ran the engines to the absolute maximum they possibly dared to on the maiden voyage - and then never wound things up that high again, because they'd measured the vibration limits, and knew how much damage they were now doing when running at 105% of rated power.

    --
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