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NASA Announces New Mars Probe, While SpaceX Is Urged To Focus on Launches

NASA will land a new probe on Mars on November 26, 2018, "paving the way toward an ambitious journey to send humans to the Red Planet," according to one NASA official. The $828 million project will investigate how the planet was formed, NASA announced Friday, calling it "an unparalleled opportunity to learn more about the internal structure of the Red Planet."

Meanwhile, long-time Slashdot reader taiwanjohn shares an editorial published by Ars Technica the same day, titled "We love you SpaceX, and hope you reach Mars. But we need you to focus." Noting that SpaceX receives the majority of its funding from NASA, the site's senior space editor writes that the company's business model requires that they ultimately deliver a reusable launch system. "I understand SpaceX has a master plan -- the company wants to colonize Mars... But at some point you have to focus on the here and now, and that is the Falcon 9 rocket... if there is no Falcon 9, there is no business."
In a related story, Saturday NASA's history office shared a photograph from the Viking 2's landing on the surface of Mars -- which happened exactly 40 years ago.

43 of 84 comments (clear)

  1. No, they don't need to focus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    They need to keep doing whatever they are doing.

    An explosion of a rocket is nothing. I wish them another hundred of them, and the attached room to make mistakes.

    The goal is not to not trigger these sensationalist dipshit journalists but to actually make progress, burning some millions is collateral damage.

    1. Re:No, they don't need to focus by taiwanjohn · · Score: 2

      In a more recent story, SpaceX is being sued by Spacecom (owner of the AMOS-6 satellite that was lost). I have a hard time believing they could win such a suit, but that depends on what caused the "anomaly".

      As for the Ars Technica op-ed, urging SpaceX to "focus" on NASA's priorities, I suspect that Elon will still reveal his plans for the MCT at the upcoming Int'l Astronautical Conference, but he will also spend a fair amount of time explaining what they've learned from this mishap. And I think he will probably take some of the advice from Ars... perhaps announcing that MCT will be put on the "back burner" for a while, so that they can get Crew Dragon and Falcon Heavy flying ASAP.

      --
      XML is like violence. If it doesn't solve your problem, you're not using enough of it. --AC
    2. Re:No, they don't need to focus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      You are an idiot. SpaceX is receiving massive grant funding from NASA. They are obligated to develop a final product that is usable and/or to focus their resources on that goal until it is deemed impossible and grant funding is removed. If they were truly a 100% private firm funded by 100% private sources there would be more choice - but they are NOT, and have obligations from it.

    3. Re:No, they don't need to focus by imidan · · Score: 4, Interesting

      In a more recent story, SpaceX is being sued by Spacecom (owner of the AMOS-6 satellite that was lost). I have a hard time believing they could win such a suit, but that depends on what caused the "anomaly".

      It's possible that they have to sue in order to activate their insurance. Sometimes that's how you get your settlement.

    4. Re:No, they don't need to focus by taiwanjohn · · Score: 4, Informative

      More info here: YouTube user Scott Manley has a 9-min video with frame-by-frame analysis. Well worth the time.

      One thing I learned was that, although the satellite was insured, technically the insurance doesn't "kick in" until the rocket is actually launched, so in this case, they probably won't pay out. (This would explain the lawsuit mentioned in my post above.)

      However, I've read elsewhere that they could have done this test without the payload on board, but that would cost extra. It is up to the customer to decide if they want to pay extra to protect their asset. It will be interesting to see how this all works out.

      --
      XML is like violence. If it doesn't solve your problem, you're not using enough of it. --AC
    5. Re:No, they don't need to focus by AchilleTalon · · Score: 1, Informative

      Well said.

      --
      Achille Talon
      Hop!
    6. Re:No, they don't need to focus by Rinikusu · · Score: 1

      You'd think that SpaceX would also carry insurance to protect the customers' payloads. I mean, all sorts of shit can happen before launch; massive hurricane damaging the facilities/launcher/rocket itself, tsunami, earthquake, Bubba driving a forklift into the goddamned thing (i.e. human error), cable/chains breaking while lifting the satellite for mounting, etc etc.

      --
      If you were me, you'd be good lookin'. - six string samurai
    7. Re:No, they don't need to focus by taiwanjohn · · Score: 1

      I would bet that SpaceX probably does carry some kind of insurance for this sort of thing, though 'how much' is a different question. In any case, I would also bet that whatever they've been paying for that insurance, the price just went up.

      --
      XML is like violence. If it doesn't solve your problem, you're not using enough of it. --AC
    8. Re:No, they don't need to focus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Considering that it was spacecom that INSISTED on having their sat on top for a static fire, which is NOT standard procedure, I suspect that they will have a hard time winning regardless.
      In fact, I am still trying to figure out why they wanted that sat on there for a static fire. There is nothing that they should have done. And the fact that the rocket blow right under the sat will be suspicious.

      Windbourne (moderating).

    9. Re:No, they don't need to focus by taiwanjohn · · Score: 1

      True enough. But by the same token, if you're paying $60M to launch your $120M satellite, you might want to pay the extra $500k* to protect your asset.

      * Note: I have no idea what the extra cost would be. But at minimum it would have to pay for hauling the booster stack back to the hangar after the static fire, to 'integrate' the payload, and then hauling the now-loaded rocket back to the launch pad again.

      Perhaps, in response to this, SpaceX will figure out some sort of gantry system to allow vertical integration right on the launch pad. That way, they could avoid this situation entirely.

      --
      XML is like violence. If it doesn't solve your problem, you're not using enough of it. --AC
    10. Re:No, they don't need to focus by taiwanjohn · · Score: 1

      Thanks for pointing that out. I hadn't caught that distinction the first time.

      --
      XML is like violence. If it doesn't solve your problem, you're not using enough of it. --AC
    11. Re:No, they don't need to focus by Kjella · · Score: 1

      It's important to not let short-sighted goals get in the way of your vision. It's also important to not let your vision get in the way of making progress. I have this colleague at work who said something like "I've been trying to get them to do this for more than ten years now" and to be honest I didn't have the heart to tell him he could try another ten and it would make no difference at all. Basically because he's arguing for a big bang change where we switch from way A to way B overnight. The arguments are in fact strong but the leap is just too great. Meanwhile I've been making progress because I got them from A to A' to A'' to A''' nibbling away at the worst flaws and drawbacks. There is still resistance to change but it's manageable.

      SpaceX probably have limited resources like everybody else, everyone working on FH and MCT and reuse and whatnot is not working the basics of launching new F9s. It is important that they don't declare themselves done too soon but keep pushing for higher and higher reliability. I think it was said the Shuttle had ~250k parts, I don't know about an F9 but certainly far too many to wait for a part to go bad and cause mission failure. You have to keep testing and inspecting and simulating to push every part into the 99.99999%+ reliability rate for the overall rocket to hit 99%. Otherwise you'll have rockets blowing up and always for a new reason, you can't just whack at it until no more bugs show up because it'd take a thousand years.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
    12. Re: No, they don't need to focus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      You're still an idiot. NASA grants as milestone payments apply to the program itself Read it!

    13. Re:No, they don't need to focus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      John, you have it backwards. They paid more to have the payload on during the static firing.
      It is NORMAL to not have the payload on until the launch.

    14. Re:No, they don't need to focus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      uh, no.
      What spaceX is doing is STANDARD in the industry.
      If you want it insured, you pay for it. The insurances offer 2 different types: pre-launch, post-launch.
      Most places buy BOTH. Spacecom chose to NOT buy the pre-launch, and then insisted on having the payload on during a testing phase (a static fire).

    15. Re:No, they don't need to focus by Boronx · · Score: 1

      Why would they do that?

    16. Re:No, they don't need to focus by sbrown7792 · · Score: 1

      Not saying you're wrong, but do you have a citation for that?

  2. Alternatives by transami · · Score: 1

    I just wish someone would figure out a way to get off the planet without a blasted explosion under their ass.

    --
    :T:R:A:N:S:
    1. Re:Alternatives by currently_awake · · Score: 1

      Skyhooks(requires materials that don't exist), Railgun(requires a large up front cost), Launch Loop(requires large up front cost, really nasty failure modes), Laser Ablation rocket(needs more R&D).

    2. Re:Alternatives by Boronx · · Score: 1

      Some of them will probably die off planet.

  3. First article has what to do with the second? by shess · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Maybe the editors should also just group together other articles? Like you have one article about Stallman wanting to allow anonymous payment, and another about Apple approving certain crypto-currencies - just lump those together, they're about the same thing.

  4. Launch, Not Land by Scott+Tracy · · Score: 1

    When I saw that they were going to land a probe in two years, I thought "I hope they're launching it tomorrow then."

    1. Re:Launch, Not Land by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      A Hohmann transfer flight to Mars takes about 7 months. Launch from Earth, accelerate to an eliptical orbit around the sun that touches Mars' orbit on the other side, meet Mars there.

      You can even get there faster, but that would take much more fuel.

  5. Ars Are Welcome To Try by ytene · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I'm not a US Citizen and I don't have any affiliation with SpaceX. I read that Ars article when it first came out, but it really annoyed me.

    If you've seen the video, it's reasonably clear that the initial signs of trouble - i.e. the start of the explosion - happens right at the top of the First Stage, perhaps where the Second Stage engine might be situated within the casing. OK, that means that we could narrow this down to a rough physical location.

    Yet on this, Ars reckon that they know what the fault is and that the fault lies with SpaceX. They may even be right...

    But...

    1. Do Ars know that for a fact? No.
    2. Do Ars know whether the launch was a repeat of a previously known-good configuration, or whether SpaceX were trying out new design and/or components? No.
    3. Do Ars know whether the Facebook payload imposed any specific requirements on the Falcon configuration that might have led to the incident? No.

    Yet despite a complete and utter lack of knowledge of the subject at hand [except, I concede again, that the rocket blew up! ], Ars reckon that they know how to tell SpaceX and Elon musk how to run their space launch business... There could be literally scores or hundreds of reasons behind the failure. That failure could be design, material defect, or process in nature, or it could be an obscure combination of several things. It could quite easily be a failure induced on SpaceX because of constraints imposed elsewhere, by someone else.


    I'm quite certain that there will be people who read this comment and think ("Ah, SpaceX fan-boy there...") but you'd be wrong. I'm not writing this because I'm a particular fan of SpaceX, but because I'm particularly unimpressed with the arrogance and disengenuous nature of Ars reporting. [ If the launch had been perfect, no doubt they would have been writing about the "unstoppable SpaceX" ].

    No. A lot of the time, a lot of the Ars journalists are respectable and write thoughtful pieces. This, on the other hand, was opportunistic garbage written by an ambulance-chasing waster.

    Eric Burger: If you're so good, how about you go design a rocket that can put the same mass into LEO and show us all how it's done, eh?

    1. Re:Ars Are Welcome To Try by HanzoSpam · · Score: 2

      Agree. There's nothing extraordinary about a rocket exploding. I expect we'll see plenty more of them before the technology is developed sufficiently to rule them out completely. It's not even clear to me that the technology will ever be sufficiently perfect to avoid them entirely.

      Exploding rockets are the cost developing the technology. While unfortunate, it's good that SpaceX is shaking out their technology and making their mistakes before they start putting people in those things.

      --

      Progressivism: Parasites helping parasites to help themselves - to other people's stuff.
    2. Re:Ars Are Welcome To Try by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

      If you've seen the video, it's reasonably clear that the initial signs of trouble - i.e. the start of the explosion - happens right at the top of the First Stage, perhaps where the Second Stage engine might be situated within the casing.

      If you've seen the video and have any clue what you're talking about - it's abundantly clear that the the first signs of trouble appear where the second stage umbilical attaches to the vehicle. (Right about where the intertank bulkhead is believed to be.)
       

      Yet on this, Ars reckon that they know what the fault is and that the fault lies with SpaceX. They may even be right...

      Well, no. The article makes no mention of the location of the fault and no assumption as to who is responsible. Or, to put it another way, your claim is a complete fabrication. (And yet, you claim to not be a SpaceX fanboy.)

      There could be literally scores or hundreds of reasons behind the failure. That failure could be design, material defect, or process in nature, or it could be an obscure combination of several things. It could quite easily be a failure induced on SpaceX because of constraints imposed elsewhere, by someone else.

      Yet, the fact remains, this is the second accident related to the 2nd stage. (Which carries a higher proportion of the total d/v than is normally considered acceptable due to the requirement to conserve d/v in the first stage to allow recovery.) And given the relatively small number of flights of the F9, having two accidents raises grave questions about the reliability of the launcher and the capability of the operator.

      And even if the failure was the result of constraints imposed elsewhere by someone else, anyone with a clue (and who is not a fanboy) knows that it's SpaceX's vehicle on SpaceX's launcher - and SpaceX is responsible for building and operating a vehicle that doesn't blow up regardless of the source of the constraints.
       

      I'm quite certain that there will be people who read this comment and think ("Ah, SpaceX fan-boy there...")

      The problem isn't that you're a SpaceX fanboy (though you claim otherwise, you work very hard to give the impressions that you are)... It's that you have utterly no clue what you're talking about.
       
      Eric Berger (the author of the piece) does indeed know what he's talking about - and he's not the only knowledgeable person wondering if SpaceX shouldn't stop constantly iterating and concentrate on the basics and flying out their manifest.

    3. Re:Ars Are Welcome To Try by Areyoukiddingme · · Score: 1

      Agree. There's nothing extraordinary about a rocket exploding. I expect we'll see plenty more of them before the technology is developed sufficiently to rule them out completely. It's not even clear to me that the technology will ever be sufficiently perfect to avoid them entirely.

      Exploding rockets are the cost developing the technology. While unfortunate, it's good that SpaceX is shaking out their technology and making their mistakes before they start putting people in those things.

      This is where SpaceX has an almost unfair advantage over NASA. When a Shuttle was lost, it took two years of faffing around and endless hearings to decide to start launching again. SpaceX can do the paperwork with their insurance company, figure out what caused the failure and adjust procedures to fix it, and return to flight. Two months should be enough time for the dude with the powerwasher to be done cleaning up the launchpad. The meeting with the government is almost an afterthought, and is really short:

      "Was anyone hurt?"

      "No. Range safety continues to be effective."

      "Great! Meeting adjourned."

    4. Re:Ars Are Welcome To Try by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Your reading comprehension gets a Fail.

      Eric Burger's article isn't about the particulars of this latest Falcon rocket explosion. It's about strategy.

      SpaceX is a private company. They need to make some money to be viable. Musk's pockets are not infinitely deep and SpaceX needs now, not technical credibility, but operational credibility. There are lots of SpaceX fans out there jerking forward in their seats right now with objections, I imagine, but it's true. SpaceX needs both operational credibility and profitability. They are a little lacking on both counts. Not because of the rocket explosions (a relatively small matter in the big picture), but because they don't have their manned mission clearances and they don't have a long enough track record.

      Here's the problem. Going to Mars is the vision thing and Musk clearly has that. Those SpaceX fans have been won over by the vision and that's great. It's like a return to the grand days of the Space Race, Apollo, the Mission to the Moon and all that. Yet... no one has created anything like a viable economic plan for Martian visits and exploration. Will NASA pay? Will SpaceX?

      It's great to envision Mars as a scientific exploration target. In the far future, it may be a rich economic opportunity too. However in the Now, NASA can choose to fund missions to Mars, or not. And SpaceX will rapidly run out of money if they have to pay their own way. Frankly, SpaceX needs an economic base that is firm and reliable. LEO missions can be that right now. Mars missions aren't no matter how much we wish otherwise.

      I think Burger's editorial is on point. Get 20 successful manned missions to the ISS. Get 50 unmanned satellite launches. Then SpaceX will have a reliable income stream and a solid operational track record. Then Musk can start diverting a certain amount of attention to Mars. He will be able to fund his dreams and yours too.

    5. Re:Ars Are Welcome To Try by coofercat · · Score: 1

      Yes, but Ars have superior business skillz to the leadership at SpaceX (a quick check of company financials between the two will confirm, I'm sure), and so in all good conscience had say their piece (not in private, where it may have been useful, but in public so everyone on earth gets to stir the pot).

    6. Re:Ars Are Welcome To Try by ridley4 · · Score: 1

      Worth saying that 'dude with the powerwasher to be done cleaning up the launchpad' actually doesn't apply here; the ground support equipment got pretty badly damaged. Sure glad they got another pad close to completion and the Vandenberg AFB pad operational, because it's looking like LC40 (the one here) actually got pretty much totaled between the explosion wrecking the transporter-erector and the fire ruining the structural integrity of the concrete and softening the rebar.

  6. Re:Look. by khallow · · Score: 1

    Do you care to name who has been going to Mars and making it boring for the rest of us? Last I checked it was a bunch of space probes which isn't going anywhere in the long run.

  7. Yes they do by mykepredko · · Score: 1

    I understand where you are coming from, but with this explosion, a $200M customer's satellite was destroyed. Satellites take years to build and qualify for flight, so this isn't something that can just replaced if the original was destroyed on the launchpad.

    If you go back to the late 1950s/1960s, the US (and Russian) rocket failure rate was largely underscored by the fact that the "boosters" were actually intercontinental missiles and, as a national defense program, there was a certain budget/expectation/tolerance for failure.

    What SpaceX (and the other launchers) need is a large corporation/government that is willing to absorb the cost of a certain amount of failures with the goal of highly reliable & robust access to space at low cost. To do this, they need a number of "missions" sending up much less valuable (but useful) cargo. I would think that simple satellites filled with tanks of oxygen, hydrogen and other required gasses as well as structural members which can be used in the future would be interesting and not take years to build.

    Who would pay for this? How about Apple and other corporations with billions in off shore accounts, hiding the capital from the tax man. Bring the money back iinto the US and use it to create high-tech jobs and new capabilities.

    1. Re:Yes they do by HanzoSpam · · Score: 2

      Exactly what reason do we have to believe it was a lack of focus that was the cause of the accident? It's not like exploding rockets are unknown, and engineering tends to be an iterative process. I doubt this will be the last rocket that explodes for them.

      SpaceX is experimenting and learning. Part of that is going to involve making mistakes and correcting them. It's doubtful we'll be seeing completely safe and predictable space travel in our lifetimes, if ever.

      --

      Progressivism: Parasites helping parasites to help themselves - to other people's stuff.
    2. Re: Yes they do by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Precisation: yes, we all want a very reliable space industry that delivers 99.9% of the payloads (human or not). However we have to live through the stage where we actually make this happen, it's not going to appear magically overnight, and we have to live through the intermediate stage (which sure as hell comes with lots of failures and adjustments).

    3. Re:Yes they do by hackertourist · · Score: 1

      Rockets exploding while they're being prepared for a static test fire (or during any fueling operation) are very rare though. The last case was in the 1960s, I believe. So they might be making mistakes everyone else has known to avoid for 50 years.

  8. Viking was an annoying mission. by sbaker · · Score: 1

    The Viking missions were really annoying:

    Step 1: Devise clever experiments to detect the presence of life.
    Step 2: Ship experiments to Mars at cost of $1bn (1970's dollars - that's between $5bn and $15bn 2016 dollars).
    Step 3: Experiment says "WOW! We have detected life on Mars!"
    Step 4: Decide that the experiment was not sufficiently good to produce a meaningful result.
    Step 5: Ignore (or at least, endlessly debate) the results.

    Argh! They really *REALLY* should have thought through the experiment a bit more carefully before they did that!

    --
    www.sjbaker.org
  9. Nobody can "colonize" Mars. by Sqreater · · Score: 2

    A colony is an expansion into unused resources. There are none on Mars. Mars is a desert like no desert on the face of the Earth. Stop the teenage sci-fi goals please. I agree, do something adult and useful.

    --
    E Proelio Veritas.
  10. Majority of its funding from NASA? by backslashdot · · Score: 1

    How do you think Boeing, Lockheed, and others got their funding? Who do you think built the rockets and satellites that NASA uses? NASA never made anything, they've always had to buy it from somewhere. Nobody says Boeing was a subsidized company. But all the haters claim SpaceX is a subsidized company. That's just BS .. they are actually less subsidized than basically every other aerospace company. SpaceX gets money from government contracts. So does every company .. so whoopdee doo on that one.

    1. Re:Majority of its funding from NASA? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Past decades had cost plus federal contracts div-eyed up between major firms for national defense function of airplane support and production supply diversity. There is no strategic function for subsidizing LEO venture capitalists who can't even launch satellites reliably and refuse responsibility for their own failures.

  11. NASA on twitter by Netdoctor · · Score: 2

    I think it says something about the American space program when NASA's twitter feed is largely remembering past missions.

  12. Re:Look. by khallow · · Score: 1

    What's baffling about it? Words mean things. It's hard to "stop going" somewhere that nobody has ever been, particularly, a certain John Smith. Have I gone to Europe just because I saw the Eiffel Tower on TV?

    Not to mention, now that I've seen the Eiffel Tower on the TV, do you think it's time I "went" someplace else interesting? After all, I've gone to Europe. It's no longer interesting.

    I think there's a profound myopia here to consider a few images and instrumental observations to be going somewhere. And then, for a region with the surface area of the entire land mass of Earth and a truly alien environment, to dismiss it as not interesting any more just because of those few things. This is "been there, done that" taken to a ludicrous extreme.

  13. Sabotage by SJ · · Score: 1

    Someone didn't want SpaceCom being bought by the Chinese....

  14. Realistic Mars Colony *IS* Falcon Heavy by DrYak · · Score: 1

    As for the Ars Technica op-ed, urging SpaceX to "focus" on NASA's priorities, I suspect that Elon will still reveal his plans for the MCT at the upcoming Int'l Astronautical Conference, {...} And I think he will probably take some of the advice from Ars... perhaps announcing that MCT will be put on the "back burner" for a while, so that they can get Crew Dragon and Falcon Heavy flying ASAP.

    (Disclaimer [with McCoy's voice]: I am a Doctor, not a Rocket Scientist)

    Okay let's spend a few minutes thinking about Mars colonisation.

    An actual colonisation will require slightly more than "simply" putting a probe one Mars.
    (Not that putting a probe there is an easy feat by itself, as attested by past failures. Hence the quotes)

    Colonisation would require sending tons of equipement in advance to wait for the colon at their future landing site.
    (Basically anything that they can built from raw local material, or grow themselves in a farm)
    (Think the landing site as depicted in the "Martian")
    That's quite some cargo, much more than what a "tiny" probe.

    Then - once the landing site is ready to receive them equipment-wise - you also need to ship the colons themselves.
    Again you're not just launching one single guy (Yuri Gagarin's style) you'll be launching a whole crew.
    And unlike the Apollo missions to the moon, this crew isn't there for a "short" ride (that spans a couple of days) meaning that they could basically be okay all by themselves with only basic life-support (metaphorically: a ride on a car, where you just pack some snack). This crew is going to be travel for several months, requiring a much complex and bigger habitat (metaphorically: a ride on the trans-syberian train - a whole hotel on rails).
    (Think the interplanetary ships depicted in harder sci-fi like 2001 Space Odyssey, etc.)
    That's again quite a big ship.

    (Also lots of other ancillary equipement might need to be shipped. E.g.: communication relay satellites at Earth's and Mars' L4 and L5 point to relay data and messages when the planets aren't close and the sun's in the way)

    All the above are going to weight quite a lot.
    And are going to require some fuel for all the manoeuvres required to shift from Earth's to Mars' orbits.

    If you hope to kick them all out of Earth's gravity well in one single go and straight to Mars from there, you're going to hit the rocket equation really hard.
    (Moving all the fuck tons of payload over the whole course is going to require extremely powerful rockets and gargantuan amounts of fuel, which in turn add to the weight and requires even more bazillions of fuel).

    So unless there's some miraculous revolutions in term of space-propulsion (like suddenly the emDrive getting well understood, confirming to be very effective, scaling well, and usable even for take-off and landing. And this coupled with the research in polywell-style fusors giving us extremely compact and efficient fusion reactors to power said mega-huge emDrive) (or material engineering jumping suddenly so much forward that a space elevator gets built within a decade),
    the next best probable course of action is to slowly put all the necessary stuff in orbit step by step, and slowly build a "trans-orbital ferry ship" in orbit.
    (Think assembling the ISS - only not so big). Then once enough content have been put out of earth gravity well, have the "space ferry" do a trip to mars orbit, drop part of its payload, then come back for more refilling/reloading, then again.
    Use the ferry multiple time on multiple trips (or even assemble a couple of such "space ferries" in earth's orbit) and you can transport everything you need to mars in several goes. By the time it's finally the turn to bring astronauts, the "space ferry" technology would have been tested enough to be usable to transport the people and their habitat.

    For the above to succeed, you don't need 1 single ultra-massive "mars-ca

    --
    "Sufficiently advanced satire is indistinguishable from reality." - [Tips: 1DrYakQDKCQ6y52z6QbnkxHXAocMZJE61o ]