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Half of American Adults Are In a Face-Recognition Database (arstechnica.com)

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Ars Technica: Half of American adults are in a face-recognition database, according to a Georgetown University study released Wednesday. That means there's about 117 million adults in a law enforcement facial-recognition database, the study by Georgetown's Center on Privacy and Technology says. The report (PDF), titled "The Perpetual Line-up: Unregulated Police Face Recognition in America," shows that one-fourth of the nation's law enforcement agencies have access to face-recognition databases, and their use by those agencies is virtually unregulated. Where do the mug shots come from? For starters, about 16 states allow the FBI to use facial recognition to compare faces of suspected criminals to their driver's licenses or ID photos, according to the study. "In this line-up," the study says, "it's not a human that points to the suspect -- it's an algorithm." The study says 26 states or more allow police agencies to "run or request searches" against their databases or driver's licenses and ID photos. This equates to "roughly one in two American adults has their photos searched this way," according to the study. Many local police agencies also insert mug shots of people they arrest into searchable, biometric databases, according to the report. According to the report, researchers obtained documents stating that at least five "major police departments," including those in Chicago, Dallas, and Los Angeles, "either claimed to run real-time face recognition off of street cameras, bought technology that can do so, or expressed an interest in buying it." The Georgetown report's release comes three months after the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) concluded that the FBI has access to as many as 411.9 million images as part of its face-recognition database. The study also mentioned that the police departments have little oversight of their databases and don't audit them for misuse: "Maryland's system, which includes the license photos of over two million residents, was launched in 2011. It has never been audited. The Pinellas Country Sheriff's Office system is almost 15 years old and may be the most frequently used system in the country. When asked if his office audits searches for misuse, Sheriff Bob Gualtieri replied, "No, not really." Despite assurances to Congress, the FBI has not audited use of its face recognition system, either. Only nine of 52 agencies (17%) indicated that they log and audit their officers' face recognition searchers for improper use. Of those, only one agency, the Michigan State Police, provided documentation showing that their audit regime was actually functional."

64 comments

  1. The other half... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    all look like Guy Fawkes.

    1. Re:The other half... by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      all look like Guy Fawkes.

      Speaking of Guy Fawkes, I notice from the news that Julian Assange is now in the dick recognition database, from that time he sent a picture of his little wikileak to an 8 year-old girl.

      https://twitter.com/SandraEcke...

      http://www.prweb.com/releases/...

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
  2. As everyone should suspect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    They track you. They track everything they can get their hands on. They abuse the information in any way they please, with no consideration for how that abuse will impact you. They profit from this abuse. They get away with it, and will continue to get away with it in the future.

    1. Re:As everyone should suspect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And so there's no point talking about it. Anything we can decide can't be imposed. Even if it can be imposed it can't be enforced. Even if it could be enforced there can be no repercussions. You end up with a toothless, useless agenda any way you look at it.

      "You're in a police database, get used to it."

      (Also, try not to look like any known criminals)

    2. Re:As everyone should suspect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They track you. They track everything they can get their hands on. They abuse the information in any way they please, with no consideration for how that abuse will impact you. They profit from this abuse. They get away with it, and will continue to get away with it in the future.

      If you believe that, why'd you even bother saying anything? Any why did you refrain from naming "them" when posting as an AC? You basically said, "They do anything they want and you can't stop them. You know who I mean. *nudge nudge, wink wink*"

    3. Re:As everyone should suspect by Archangel+Michael · · Score: 1

      Actually, we know who a lot of these people are. However, they are sufficiently insulated against the orders they give that they can claim "no knowledge" and .. thus they get away with it. The next excuse, when they actually get caught is "I don't recall". And when that doesn't work, people end up dead, or unable to communicate because their internet was cut off mysteriously by unknown agents (probably Russian, wink wink)

      But you don't care, you'll vote for them anyway, being a binary choice.

      --
      Agent K: A *person* is smart. People are dumb, stupid, panicky animals, and you know it.
    4. Re:As everyone should suspect by amiga3D · · Score: 1

      You must be one of those uneducated, ignorant and deplorable people that don't have proper reverence for their betters. You will soon know your place once our Queen assumes her throne.

    5. Re:As everyone should suspect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Your government does not give one shit about you. They lie straight to your face. And tax your ass with glee.
      All they care about is their power over you, and growing and maintaining that power at your expense.

      https://twitter.com/wikileaks

      REVOLT NOW!!!

    6. Re:As everyone should suspect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If you believe that, why'd you even bother saying anything?

      For the same reason you posted your question. To participate in the conversation about the article on this site. Duh.

      Any why did you refrain from naming "them" when posting as an AC?

      Because it is obvious who "them" refers to. The "them" directly mentioned in the summary is law-enforcement, which would include state police and sheriff's departments, and national agencies such as FBI, NSA, CIA, etc. Anyone who has been paying attention would also throw Google and Facebook in the list.

      Moving beyond facial recognition would be every single business that has an online storefront, or that accepts a credit card.

      That's who "them" is.

      And I post as AC because I don't have a Slashdot account, because I don't need one.

      You basically said, "They do anything they want and you can't stop them. You know who I mean. *nudge nudge, wink wink*"

      Yes, but without the nudging and winking, as it would be a complete non-sequitur.

      And we can stop them from doing certain things...anything that makes enough people mad enough that they will unite as a group and apply real political pressure (that is to say, real dollars, in the form of lobbying). This can and does happen. But not when it comes to mass surveillance, since the overwhelming majority of the people tracked don't feel any direct pain from it.

    7. Re:As everyone should suspect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Do you happen to have a list of recommended actions? in order of increasing severity of consequence?

      I actually ask that in seriousness, would love to know what capabilities I might have against the entrenched powers.

    8. Re:As everyone should suspect by Plus1Entropy · · Score: 1

      A nod's as good as a wink to a blind bat. Say no more, say no more.

      --
      Only crack the nuts that crack. You don't put the ones that don't crack in the sack.
    9. Re:As everyone should suspect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      If you are on the database, you are a criminal - in the eyes of the police.

      --
      Sensible Zombies vote Trump

    10. Re:As everyone should suspect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hey now. Glee has never taxed me!

    11. Re:As everyone should suspect by AmiMoJo · · Score: 1

      It's time to beef up privacy laws. In the EU we at least consider it a human right, but the US constitution is kinda weak on it. Understandable as when it was written the idea of a nation wide network of machines that can recognise and log faces was beyond science fiction.

      In any case, both need to make the protections stronger. In the EU we can get it done democratically. Pro-privacy and human rights groups in the EU have the most power, so lobby your MEPs. In the US it seems like you have a lot further to go and a lot less representation to do it with, so maybe a legal challenge to get the constitution re-interpreted in your favour might work better.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    12. Re:As everyone should suspect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "person of interest" the machine
      )))

  3. Cry me a river by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2

    Cops can search through driver's license photos to see if they can find suspects. Come on, how can anybody think this is bad. Either you're a match and they check you out or you're not and they keep going. Maybe the algorithm is wrong - maybe malicious - but just checking violating your snowflake-like privacy? Come on.

    1. Re:Cry me a river by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety."

    2. Re:Cry me a river by mspohr · · Score: 1

      The problem is false positives. Suppose the algorithm or an overzealous cop thinks your picture looks just like the perp. You are then in for a world of hurt. You have to prove that you have an ironclad alibi and if not, you go right to the top of their list of suspects.
      Cops get points for arresting people and sending them for trial. They don't particularly care if they have the right person and they don't get penalized if they end up with the wrong person in jail. This just gives them a big list of possible suspects and I'm sure they can find at least one who won't have a solid alibi.

      --
      I don't read your sig. Why are you reading mine?
    3. Re:Cry me a river by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just don't be a young black man with a prior history of crime and you'll be just fine, probably.

    4. Re:Cry me a river by Plus1Entropy · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I didn't give up my essential Liberty (privacy) to purchase temporary Safety, I gave it up to "purchase" the privilege of being able to legally drive... Should the government not be allowed to keep a record of valid driver's licenses somewhere?

      To me, the real issue related to the Government tracking our data is that we don't know what they're tracking or what they have on us. In the case of a driver's license, I have a pretty good idea: my picture, my DOB, my address (at the time), my registration (hence the kind of car I drive, license plate, etc.), any prior tickets that I have... and I think that's about it. And again, I chose to give all that information to them. If I didn't want to drive I didn't have to. That's the difference I think.

      --
      Only crack the nuts that crack. You don't put the ones that don't crack in the sack.
    5. Re:Cry me a river by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just don't be a young black man with a prior history of crime and you'll be just fine, probably.

      FTFY.

      "Cop shoots caretaker of autistic man playing in the street with toy truck"

      "Why'd you shoot me?"

      Cop:

      "I don't know"

      http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/crime/article90905442.html

      Cops Put Black Woman in Mental Hospital Because They Didn't Believe She Owned BMW

      https://www.yahoo.com/amphtml/news/lawsuit-cops-put-black-woman-223206953.html

    6. Re:Cry me a river by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Strike tags didn't work on the line to which I said "FTFY". Should have read; "Just don't be black and you'll be just fine, probably."

      Which also isn't true. The police are out of control and are becoming more and more equal opportunity with their insanity. But people are predictably kept squabbling over race, while worshipping anyone with a badge and costume.

  4. ffs by fyngyrz · · Score: 1

    From TFS:

    ...don't audit them fore misuse...

    No doubt they're too busy playing golf, eh? Kind of like... slashdot editors...

    --
    I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
  5. How do you find out? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If you are in the database?

    1. Re: How do you find out? by rjelks · · Score: 2

      Just upload a photo of yourself and fill out this helpful form.

    2. Re:How do you find out? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Your best bet is to assume that you are in this database, and that they already know whatever it is you don't want them to know. Further, that they largely don't care, because they profit from the data in aggregate more than in particular.

    3. Re:How do you find out? by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      If you are in the database?

      1. Do you have a driver's license or state ID card?
      2. Have you ever been arrested (no conviction is needed)?
      3. Have you ever served in the military?
      4. Have you ever attended an anti-government protest?
      5. Do you have a Facebook or Linkedin account?

    4. Re:How do you find out? by AHuxley · · Score: 1

      Walk in a city past a federal site, bank, jail, prison, court or anything to with state, city or federal police. Been near a protest or event to do with wars or politics or other nations? Drive past any sensitive site daily?
      Work id get shared with any level of local or federal gov due to contracts or sub contracts?
      Drive or be a passenger in any of the boarder states. Images of drivers, passengers and plates are collected at all internal chat down areas that ask to confirm citizenship.
      Any private security outside or just inside a building might also images of interest everyday under public private partnerships if they feel a person is in the area too much or stopping, looking or passing too quickly or slowly.

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
  6. fingerprints by maxanderson1976 · · Score: 0

    dont forget the fingerprint database thanks to Apple's iPhones :)

    1. Re: fingerprints by umghhh · · Score: 1

      Who might have thought. For generations authoritarians were using brute violence to ensure that the citizens do not stand a chance to say NO and if they try that they will be punished. Now people using their gadgets and services provide the means of control without even thinking about that. Chances are that the powers that be can use coercion but they do not have to and still get their objectives. The flickering of violence at the edges of society can be easily pacified. As with infectious disease prevention is a key.

    2. Re: fingerprints by amiga3D · · Score: 3, Insightful

      As long as the masses have a fairly comfortable existence they have no real motive to demand anything. They will bitch and moan and whine but they will have too much to lose to really make a stand. As long as people don't get hungry and desperate they are easily managed.

  7. And how many foreigners? by OzPeter · · Score: 1

    The CBP has a penchant for taking photos and finger prints when you enter via airports. I wouldn't be surprised if all that data ended up in such a DB.

    --
    I am Slashdot. Are you Slashdot as well?
    1. Re:And how many foreigners? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A DB called SQL Server.

    2. Re:And how many foreigners? by brunes69 · · Score: 1

      Er... of course it ends up in a DB.

      What did you think they were doing, going to all the expense of taking photos and fingerprints then throwing them away at the end of the day? Why would they ever do this? The whole point of taking photos and prints at the border is to look the individual up in databases.

    3. Re:And how many foreigners? by AHuxley · · Score: 1

      Thats just to count and reconcile people in and out and see if they match the applications. Some nice hardware sales to the US gov.
      The enforcement mystery is the millions of illegals who just walk or truck or car or van in and have to wait until picked up by CCTV or a random camera over the decades.
      Given the few internal interactions with photo id for work, health care, local gov they allowed to move around the US with total freedom.
      The only way to stop that would be enforced employment photo id submissions, better cross referenced paperwork at a city, state and federal level.
      Making all drivers prove to citizenship to the US or another nation. ID for health care and all interactions with local gov or when working.
      Make working illegally only possible with fake or shared papers. Having fake papers would be a deportable crime.

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
    4. Re:And how many foreigners? by GuB-42 · · Score: 1

      SQL Server?
      If that's the case, our privacy is safe, no one will be able to retrieve our data.

  8. Well Kudos to Michigan I guess? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'm so confused I think congratulations to Michigan for being the least abuse of something i wish didn't exist at all.

  9. Why do you think the REALID act was passed by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Your face is on your driver's license with all your particular biometric data: height, age, eye color, hair color, whether you need wear glasses, etc.

    The national ID card everyone feared is here, and it's already being abused.

    1. Re:Why do you think the REALID act was passed by Archangel+Michael · · Score: 1

      I will say this, once and again. you are not your ID. You ID helps identify you, but that isn't absolute.

      --
      Agent K: A *person* is smart. People are dumb, stupid, panicky animals, and you know it.
    2. Re:Why do you think the REALID act was passed by Anne+Thwacks · · Score: 1
      You ID helps identify you, but that isn't absolute.

      You know that. I know that. But just try explaining it to the local Plod.

      --
      Sent from my ASR33 using ASCII
  10. If you aren't on a government watchlist... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You should be ashamed of yourself!

  11. only half? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    that's a bit low, but you're not supposed to know that it's really 90% not half.

  12. Have they deleted the other half accidentally? by mimino · · Score: 1

    or why only half?

    1. Re:Have they deleted the other half accidentally? by Anne+Thwacks · · Score: 1
      Database corruption problems are the most likely explanation.

      Probably 50% of the data is complete rubbish - due to errors during a software upgrade or two, or something similar.

      --
      Sent from my ASR33 using ASCII
  13. Actually, it's more like 99 percent by WillAffleckUW · · Score: 1

    That's the databases they tell you civilians about.

    The other ones they lie to you, and say they don't exist.

    But they do.

    --
    -- Tigger warning: This post may contain tiggers! --
  14. Re:TFS by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Never.Ever.Use.TFS.... kthxbye

  15. I might be paranoid by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I am just as paranoid as the average Anonymous Coward, but when you look at what the government is willing to pay for IT, which is public knowledge, versus what private companies are willing to pay for real IT talent, I don't worry about the quality or reliability of information in government databases. The real danger is that an international corporation can decide to get rid of you, and they will be able to plant your data into some official database to frame you for a crime. This kind of article targets the institutions which are actually accountable to the public but are lacking in funding support by that same public, and ignores the abuse by companies that are only accountable to private shareholders.

  16. err...Facebook by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I am pretty sure that facebook face recognition has more than half of all americans and is publicly searchable....

  17. Which half by Tangential · · Score: 1

    If it's the bottom half, then it won't be that useful

    --
    Suppose you were an idiot. And suppose you were a member of congress. But then I repeat myself. -- Mark Twain
  18. There is only one way to fix this problem by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The masses have no respect for people's rights, privacy, or dignity. They will give up these things on the mere promise or order by those with malicious intent of making us 'safer'. If you don't want to give up these things there is really only one option. It's to plan a move to join liberty-minded activists from across the US and around the world in New Hampshire. We're too spread out and weak to have any positive impact as things stand.

    Principled libertarians (as opposed to the callous **** that represent 'libertarians' nationally) that are moving to New Hampshire are against the use of violence, fraud, and coercion by government to achieve political gain. If there is no violence, fraud, theft, or coercion there should be no crime. The government commits violence on peaceful people routinely and we need to work together to end it- end the government that has interfered in all of our lives without our permission.

    They steal peoples money (from taxes to asset / civil forfeiture- ie government taking your money without charging you with a crime), children, and homes. We have to severely limit police and government. We need to eliminate the laws used to persecute non-violent and peaceful people: 'hacking' isn't a crime, boarders should be open (we don't need goons to give us permission to come and go as we please), laws dictating what we can put in our bodies (drugs), permission slips to travel (drivers licenses, whatever happened to the right to travel in our constitution), vehicular registration (a form of theft/tax), moral laws regulating consensual acts like sex, nudity in public/pornography/etc (nudity/sexual images and words can't actually hurt people, get rid of the nanny state), hate crime laws (they don't help minorities and are used against them), hypocritical open container laws, social security / ss numbers, social security (you can pay for your own retirement/childs education if the government doesn't steal your money and make you dependant on it), government schools, government funding of education, government involvement in marital matters such as regulating who one can choose to marry, copy"right"/'intellectual property', laws against filming police ('wire-tapping' laws), etc.

    Check out:

    http://www.freekeene.com/
    http://www.freestateproject.org/
    http://shiresociety.com/

  19. let's not be naive by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Obviously that's a low estimate. We should presume there is out there at least one database containing the photo of billions of unique individuals.

  20. Welcome by vikingpower · · Score: 1

    to the police state that the USA has become. Where the US constitution isn't perfect, it was far better than what you poor bastards have now.

    --
    Religous speak to God. Insane are spoken to by God. When all shut up, one can finally hear Shostakovich in peace
  21. clowns ! by swell · · Score: 1

    And you wonder about the clown sightings across the US? Who wants to be identified by the authorities when they are simply walking to the coffee shop? Soon everyone will wear camouflage makeup. It will be a colorful world !

    --
    ...omphaloskepsis often...
  22. Reality by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ... Where do the mug shots come from?

    Voluntary donations via Facebook and Google+: The federal police of the world are, oh so pleased with that real name policy. So are the burglars, it's so much easier to find where all that stuff you show in your photos, is hidden.

  23. How do we get the other half in? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    And give access to the other 3/4ths of law enforcement? Then they would much easier jail the people that steal and trash Trump signs.

  24. Database VS Databases by DarthVain · · Score: 1

    OK reading even the summary seems to refute the inflammatory title.

    It isn't quite as George Orwellian as it sounds. Half of Americans are in facial-recognition databaseS. Meaning multiple, not one central uber repository. Also how is facial-recognition defined? Does that mean the databases have the ability to scan and match, or just that that databases have photos of peoples faces? Think DMV etc...

    Now think about the technical difficulty involved in trying to query what must be hundreds of unconnected databases. Now add the historical evidence of things like Obamacare registry as to how well government and indeed multiple governments and agencies are at integrating databases.

    Anyway I think it is much less sinister than the story suggests. This isn't the movies where they have a grainy CC still that they match to a central database that comes back with a match in 30 seconds. That is fiction. People overestimate the capabilities of what government is able to realistically do. Much like the movies showing satellite imagery following individual people etc... The technology isn't there, let alone the coordination and infrastructure required to do so.

    Is it interesting to note? Sure, but not all that surprising. Indeed look at the wording. Law enforcement have "access" and FBI are "allowed"... There are a lot of spectrum to "access", I have "access" to a lot of things that is neither easy, convenient, or useful. Similarly, I am "allowed" to access a lot of things that I wouldn't bother with due to the previous criteria. Anyway I have seen enough IT reality in my day to make me very unworried about this being anything more than it is. A bunch of independent databases that by law allow for lawful access by law enforcement for a variety of reasons, but most of which is probably not used at least not in the suggested "real time" fashion due to the lack of real capability.

    1. Re:Database VS Databases by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Here's how the stuff actually works. Recognition is quite poor on unconstrained images that come in from the field. So, when you search a database, you can choose to limit false negatives -- missing the guy you want -- or false positives -- getting lots of guys you didn't want. In reality, such a search might come back with 30 suspects. Someone looks at them to decide whether to pursue further. No one knows to what extent actual people look enough alike that humans will do this wrong, but the existence of doppelganger websites seems to indicate the chances are pretty good. If you have enough compute power, you really can do the search in 30 seconds, since the searching can be parallelized. Google, Facebook, and Amazon easily have enough for-sale capacity to do that. In addition, pre-processing on the images in the database can vastly speed up the search.

  25. Want to stop this? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Talk to your Mayor. Talk to City Council, talk to your state representative. They have more power to restrict/restrain this kind of behavior (at the local level where it really would effect you) and are more likely to respond to constituents complaints on this topic than anyone at the federal level. I for one will be talking to my state rep about this next month.
    The feds have been setting up 'collusion centers' where local law enforcement can use giant federal databases/computers to run face recognition searches. Some states restrict their local police forces from being able to co-operate with the feds in this way. Make sure your state becomes one of these non-compliant freedom zones!

  26. What about the OPM Hack? by NoSalt · · Score: 1

    In that hack, the Chinese got information about thousands of people (and their relatives and friends) who were applying for security clearances. All that was done was the government said "sorry" and offered some free credit monitoring for a few years. These people willingly handed over their information to the government.

    What is going to happen when the government collects all of this information on your average everyday Joe and Jane, and that gets hacked? These people absolutely did not willingly hand over their information to the government. What will the masses say when their information is then stored in databases spread throughout the world, being held by friendly and unfriendly countries alike?

    What will the government say to us when this happens?

    1. Re:What about the OPM Hack? by Actually,+I+do+RTFA · · Score: 1

      t thousands of people

      I thought it was more like 1.3 million

      --
      Your ad here. Ask me how!
    2. Re:What about the OPM Hack? by NoSalt · · Score: 1

      1.3 million == (130,000 * 10)

      Thousands are a subset of millions. As I didn't know the exact figure, I figured I was safe saying thousands

  27. Doctors by poofmeisterp · · Score: 1

    In Ohio, TriHealth and Group Health Associates are both "coming up with a cool new system" for hipsters and people who love to use computers instead of talk to people. Oh, wait.. They're FORCING people to use the automated systems (look like mini kiosks) instead of talking to someone just to "check in" or announce that you have arrived for an appointment.

    You can get around it, but you have to talk to a single person sitting at a desk for usually 5+ minutes just to convince them you're not going to use this stupid system and want them to check you in manually. They try to convince you to use it and that they can't help you. You have to call bullshit and raise your tone of voice before they will ask for your name and perform a few clicks, followed by "Dr. [so-and-so] will see you whenever."

    Why? They take pictures of you every time you use them. I'm sure TriHealth nor Group Health Assoc. feed information to anyone else for $ or $ breaks. *cough*

  28. Guilty before proven innocent by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    how can anybody think this is bad

    Depends on whether you believe in the principle of innocent before proven guilty -- because this is guilty before proven innocent. Same as any form of tracking, spying, stalking, or recording without explicit consent.