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Four of Iceland's Main Volcanoes Are All Preparing For Eruption (icelandmonitor.mbl.is)

Vulcanologists always watch Iceland carefully -- it's the one exposed place on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, with 130 different volcanoes -- and something big may be brewing. Applehu Akbar writes: Now that four of Iceland's largest volcanoes are showing signs of impending eruption, the world may be in for another summer of ash. Katla, Hecla, Bárðarbunga and Grímsvötn have all had major activity in the past, including vast floods from melting glaciers, enough ash to ground aircraft over all of Europe, volumes of sulfur that have induced global nuclear winter for a decade at a time, and clouds of poisonous fluoride gas. When the mountains of Iceland speak, the whole world listens.
Eruptions are already overdue for both Hekla and Katla -- Hekla's magma chamber has filled up, and Katla last erupted in 1918. "The Katla eruption would lead to the melting of the Mýrdalsjökull glacier, resulting in a glacial flood," reports Tech Times, "likely to hit areas where large crowds are found at any given point of time, especially the black sand beaches of Sólheimasandur and the village of Vik in Southern Iceland."

13 of 136 comments (clear)

  1. Giaa to the rescue! by ColdWetDog · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Mother Earth stands ready to combat global warming with some nice ash clouds. Thus saving civilization as we know it.

    Or wiping it out entirely .....

    (Just depends on your point of view.)

    --
    Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    1. Re: Giaa to the rescue! by JaredOfEuropa · · Score: 4, Funny

      Yeah, everyone said it was daft to build a castle in a swamp...

      --
      If construction was anything like programming, an incorrectly fitted lock would bring down the entire building...
    2. Re: Giaa to the rescue! by Rei · · Score: 4, Informative

      I'll take volcanoes any day over heat. :) And monsoons... what, you mean precipitation? Yeah, I think we've got that covered ;) Mýrdalsjökull (Katla's glacier), along with neighboring Eyjafjallajökull, and further away Vatnajökull, are the wettest places in Europe, with over 10 meters of precipitation per year (although we don't have the record for wettest inhabited area... because living on top of a glacier on top of an active volcano would be pretty damned stupid ;) ).

      --
      I spent the evening flickering into your darkness.
    3. Re: Giaa to the rescue! by popoutman · · Score: 5, Interesting
      Incorrect.
      In recent years, more houses have been built in areas that were previously uninhabited. The resulting inability for storm water to drain into the soil and instead being forced to run off, increased the rate that water flowed into the river systems, meaning that rivers peak higher and sooner for the same amount of rainfall. This means more floods for the same weather patterns. Add in climate change and you lot are screwed for flood management.
      Absolutely nothing to do with Brexit.
      Actually, now that you lot are leaving, you won't get access to the emergency funds to help with problems like this that UK policies have caused over the past few decades...

      As an aside, dredging can actually cause floods further downstream as it allows more water to reach the downstream areas in a shorter space of time, causing the river to "pile up" and overspill its banks, where it would not have happened if the dredging had not taken place.

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      - This sig deliberately left blank. Nothing to see, move along.
    4. Re:Giaa to the rescue! by stjobe · · Score: 5, Informative

      Volcanoes [...] let out more greenhouse gases than all human created machinery - from cars to planes to everything that emits carbon dioxide

      Eh, no: "Volcanoes emit around 0.3 billion tonnes of CO2 per year. This is about 1% of human CO2 emissions which is around 29 billion tonnes per year."

      --
      "Total destruction the only solution" - Bob Marley
  2. Scale by SteveAstro · · Score: 4, Informative

    From WikiPedia

    The flood discharge at the peak of an eruption in 1755 has been estimated at 200,000–400,000 m3/s (7.1-14.1 million cu ft/sec), comparable to the combined average discharge of the Amazon, Mississippi, Nile, and Yangtze rivers (about 266,000 m3/s (9.4 million cu ft/sec)).

    THAT is a lot of warm water.

    1. Re:Scale by Freischutz · · Score: 4, Insightful

      From WikiPedia

      The flood discharge at the peak of an eruption in 1755 has been estimated at 200,000–400,000 m3/s (7.1-14.1 million cu ft/sec), comparable to the combined average discharge of the Amazon, Mississippi, Nile, and Yangtze rivers (about 266,000 m3/s (9.4 million cu ft/sec)).

      THAT is a lot of warm water.

      There probably are more spectacular floods elsewhere on earth but these glacial floods are still relatively impressive

      https://baldpacker.smugmug.com...

      I was in Iceland during and after the last major floods. Those I-beams came from a road bridge, the beams are about 1 meter high and were bent up and torn apart like liquorice sticks. The same flood also washed out ice blocks the size of houses that took months to melt down. It was quite surreal to drive down the coast road with those massive blocks of ice lining the road like houses. Made one realise how small and insignificant humans really are.

    2. Re:Scale by Rei · · Score: 4, Informative

      Not in historic times there haven't been. The fact that Iceland's volcanoes launch these sort of superfloods once every several hundred years is something not seen elsewhere in the world. This canyon, for example:

      Ásbyrgi

      is under 10k years old. It was carved primarily by just one or two superflood events, but the flow rate estimates (based on the size of the boulders thrown around) are as high as 900000 cubic meters per second. In Icelandic, if a flood is less than 45000 cubic meters per second it's defined as "non-catastrophic". By comparison, the Niagara River at Niagara falls is 2400 cubic meters per second.

      The very word for this type of flood is Icelandic - "jökulhlaup". Literally "glacial run". And the name for the sediment deposits they leave behind is also Icelandic in origin - "Sandur" (literally "sand").

      --
      I spent the evening flickering into your darkness.
    3. Re:Scale by Rei · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Yeah, I love my country. :) We're packed with natural treasures. Geology that changes in realtime** can do that ;)

      ** Seriously, it really does change over human timescales. Right near Ásbyrgi there's a lake called Skjálftavatn which feeds the excellent fishing river Lítlaá. Neither existed until the 1970s, when tectonic activity from the eruption at Krafla rerouted the underground springs.

      --
      I spent the evening flickering into your darkness.
  3. Nuclear ? by alexhs · · Score: 5, Insightful

    volumes of sulfur that have induced global nuclear winter for a decade at a time

    You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means.

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    I have discovered a truly marvelous proof of killer sig, which this margin is too narrow to contain.
  4. Otherwise Known As A Jökulhlaup by careysub · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Glacier outburst floods are known as "jökulhlaups" in geology, an Icelandic word since it has been the scene of many historic floods of this type.

    In 1755 a jökulhlaup from the Katla volcano had a peak flow of up to 400,000 cubic meters/second, about 20 times the flow rate of the Mississippi River, or twice that of the Amazon, making it briefly the largest river in the world.

    But that's not the only destructive aspect of Iceland's volcanoes. In 1783 the eruption of the Laki volcano released 14 cubic kilometers of basalt and 1 cubic kilometer of airborne ash. It killed 25% of Iceland's population through poison gas: 500 million tons of hydrogen fluoride and sulfur dioxide were released poisoning the population and the livestock. The fatalities were both from direct poisoning (mostly from the hydrogen fluoride) and later starvation since most of the livestock was killed. The toxic cloud affected much of Europe as well, though not as severely. This eruption also created a three-year long period of unseasonable cold in the northern hemisphere leading to famine killing thousands, and possibly contributing to the French Revolution.

    --
    Starships were meant to fly, Hands up and touch the sky - Nicky Minaj
    1. Re:Otherwise Known As A Jökulhlaup by Rei · · Score: 4, Informative

      The irony is that the French Revolution led to the Napoleonic Wars, which Denmark losing Norway, which led to them clamping down on their other strikecolonies/striketerritories, which led to resentment, the Icelandic independence movement, and ultimately independence from Denmark.

      Yeah, Laki was really horrific. It's hard for polar volcanoes to affect the climate like equatorial ones do, but the scale of the amount of gas released was nonetheless so great that the Mississippi froze at New Orleans. The African and Indian monsoon failed, leading to severe famine in Egypt; 6 million people died. Benjamin Franklin was the first person to correctly attribute the cause of the weather to an Icelandic volcano eruption (although he incorrectly stated it as Hekla, which seems to have been the only Icelandic volcano that people in that timeperiod seemed to know, due to its habit of dusting mainland Europe with ash ;) )

      Once every 100-200 years Iceland has some truly catastrophic eruption. Laki has had two since the settlement period. Askja, Katla, and Hekla are other sources. Barðarbunga is a real giant (largest lava eruption of the Holocene), but it hasn't had any catastropic eruptions in a while. It's still quaking up a storm since it's last "little" one (little by its standards, still bigger (both volume and flow rate) than any eruption Mauna Loa has ever had).

      --
      I spent the evening flickering into your darkness.
  5. Re:As the crust keeps expanding because of AGW... by chipschap · · Score: 5, Funny

    No, you don't get it. EVERYTHING is due to global warming, even global cooling.