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Online Piracy Can Boost Comic Book Sales, Research Finds (torrentfreak.com)

A number of studies show that piracy helps movies, TV shows, and music albums find a much wider audience, which in turn, often times, help in boosting their revenue. But what about comic books? A new academic study shows that piracy can have a positive effect on comic book sales, too, albeit under certain conditions. From a report on TorrentFreak: Manga, in particular, has traditionally been very popular on file-sharing networks and sites. These are dozens of large sites dedicated to the comics, which are downloaded in their millions. According to the anti-piracy group CODA, which represents Japanese comic publishers, piracy losses overseas are estimated to be double the size of overseas legal revenue. With this in mind, Professor Tatsuo Tanaka of the Faculty of Economics at Keio University decided to look more closely at how piracy interacts with legal sales. In a natural experiment, he examined how the availability of pirated comic books affected revenue. Interestingly, the results show that decreased availability of pirated comics doesn't always help sales. In fact, for comics that no longer release new volumes, the effect is reversed. "Piracy decreases sales of ongoing comics, but it increases sales of completed comics," Professor Tanaka writes. "To put this another way, displacement effect is dominant for ongoing comics, and advertisement effect is dominant for completed comics," he adds.

36 comments

  1. Sure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    There's a fun factor in holding a coming book in our hands. Not to mention some people see comic books as a possible investment. These don't apply to all media, though!

    1. Re:Sure by TWX · · Score: 2

      I'm not sure that I agree when you say it doesn't apply to all media.

      First, when I own physical media I know that I'll have permanent access to the contents, within the scope of my player working and my display and sound system working. Given that I've got VHS and Laserdisc still functioning in the mix I don't think this is all that big of a problem. Online content providers, both properly licensed and unlicensed have shown themselves to be unreliable for a number of reasons. Sometimes a provider closes down. Sometimes a provider is closed down. Sometimes a provider thinks that they have the licensing worked out and it turns out they're wrong so the title is pulled. Sometimes the provider has only licensed the work for a limited duration, or has licensed the work when it's off-season (thinking of christmas specials that are not accessible during christmas except from the one excluslve provider but are available everywhere off-season). Rates change. Even with the attacks on net-neutrality, being able to access may change.

      Second, people like to collect things. People like having sets. There's a certain satisfatction in it. Obviously not everyone has this penchant, but that's ok.

      Third, going through the motions can be a means to determine if one really wants to watch something, or if one is just doing it as the path of least resistance. Personally I feel I watch too much TV and spend too much time on the Internet already, without having a streaming service and without having cable or other pay-TV. It makes it a lot easier to actually go do something else besides vegetate on the couch if I find myself not able to make a choice for what to watch.

      If some of these aspects apply to comic books or graphic novels or manga or whatever you want to call them, then I can see why people want phyiscal media and why they want sets.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    2. Re:Sure by farble1670 · · Score: 1

      Third, going through the motions can be a means to determine if one really wants to watch something, or if one is just doing it as the path of least resistance. Personally I feel I watch too much TV and spend too much time on the Internet already, without having a streaming service and without having cable or other pay-TV. It makes it a lot easier to actually go do something else besides vegetate on the couch if I find myself not able to make a choice for what to watch.

      So your logic is you deny yourself of the obviously better streaming service because it's "too good" and would compel you to use it? I would suggest you apply that thinking to other aspects of your life and see how it goes. E.g., wife too good looking? Trade down to an uglier wife, because after all, you'll be less apt to waste time pursuing sex with her all the time.

  2. That's obvious as hell for Japanese stuff by FireballX301 · · Score: 1

    Manga in particular doesn't get published in the US until large groups of fans and translation groups put together their own scanlations and publish them. As with the old piracy nonsense, the 'pirated sales' are nonexistent because the sales would never have happened anyway - what random US fan that isn't JP-literate would buy a JP published manga unless they had read at least some of it first? How do they read it prior to it being scanned and translated ("pirated")?

    If it weren't for the original pirates passing around photocopied manga and horrible quality 5-time-copied TV rips of shows on VHS way back in the 80s and 90s, the market would barely exist in the US.

    1. Re:That's obvious as hell for Japanese stuff by Baron_Yam · · Score: 1

      It seems that a digital format standard allowing overlay, and then giving free licence to produce those overlays would be a good idea.

      For video, I guess that's SRTs (maybe with improved handling so you can provide suggested positioning, color, and contrast along with the text?) and overdubbing, but really what you want to do is give people access to the editor's timestamp and an easy method for adding subs or SAP keyed to it.

      Sell the original, fans produce and distribute the translation files. Seems kind of win-win...

    2. Re:That's obvious as hell for Japanese stuff by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sell the original, fans produce and distribute the translation files. Seems kind of win-win...

      there is no way any creator would agree to that, they would be too scared of someone who would deface their work and add insults instead of a real translation.

    3. Re:That's obvious as hell for Japanese stuff by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Manga in particular doesn't get published in the US until large groups of fans and translation groups put together their own scanlations and publish them

      Not actually true. The English-language manga publishers such as Seven Seas make educated guesses based on the source material and content and whether the story will sell in Western markets and roll the dice. I've got the first few volumes of one licenced manga series that never made it all the way to the end with two different publishers because they guessed wrong about markets and sales. That series was completely translated by fans beforehand but that piracy wasn't what caused the licenced versions to be cancelled.

      Popularity in Japan sometimes translates to Western markets (Naruto, Bleach) but more often not (Doraemon). They're very different kinds of stories though.

      I'm posting anonymous since I actually scanlate manga and publish it for free on certain websites. I, like many other manga scanlators, ask the readers to try and buy the originals if they like a series to thank and reward the artists and publishers. If a series is licenced for English-language publication via Crunchyroll or a paper distributor like Seven Seas I stop doing them for the same reasons. It helps me sleep at night.

    4. Re:That's obvious as hell for Japanese stuff by SeaFox · · Score: 1

      What would help sales of manga is making more of it available in an open digital format. Physical manga takes up a lot of space given its entertainment value/time to read. The larger format, superior contrast to standard pulp paper, and higher portability (without a proprietary "reader" application or constant internet connection to read on a website) makes the scannlator's "product" superior.

      I recently contributed to a Kickstarter for a certain manga title that has had trouble getting an official English release because it has met some controversy in the West. I'm getting a digital edition. I already have a fully scannlated copy of the original work, so the almost $100 I spent to get this officially-licensed translation wasn't really needed. What's more, the official licensee hired the original scannlator to handle the localization -- so the old argument about "inferior fan translation vs. professional" is bupkis. I'm buying a "version 2" of the same guy's work.

      What made me contribute was 1) I could get it digital 2) It's an open format (no DRM). The title uses stenography or some other watermarking to tie my personal copy to my purchase in case I should share it. I can use any normal comic reader app to view it.

      This unfortunately is a minority of English-language manga release. Most require online web-viewing or only come in dead-tree edition.

    5. Re:That's obvious as hell for Japanese stuff by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That is the kind of angle I was curious about. It's been a few years since I did it myself, but from my experience we got the fan translations because the licensed ones took forever if they even existed at all. What's the legal standing if I download a manga regardless of translation if there is no localized version? If nobody explicitly holds copyrights in the USA, does that fall back to "nobody has the rights to copy" or "nobody has the rights to restrict copying"?

    6. Re:That's obvious as hell for Japanese stuff by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "someone who would deface their work and add insults instead of a real translation"

      Commie Subs.

    7. Re:That's obvious as hell for Japanese stuff by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Manga in particular doesn't get published in the US until large groups of fans and translation groups put together their own scanlations and publish them

      It is actually true. If you have to think of any English-language manga publisher, you've already missed 95% of the local manga that can barely get published. If you think of any Japanese publisher, you still ended up missing 75% of the local manga.

      In fact, Japanese manga artists fight really hard to have a publisher. If the publisher doesn't like them midway, their story can be force stop completely.

      Basically, the ones you can see in a manga booklet or on aired as anime are the top publisher funded, supported and sponsored. Where as there are rest of those came from elsewhere. Some from japan local comic con, some from thick weekly publish, some from online.

      It's like a triangle, where the tops are controlled by English publisher, then Japanese publisher, then the rest at the bottom.

      So it's actually really damn hard for none Japanese or none Japanese reader to find or read those great manga at the bottom of the triangle. This is where the scanlators come in. Where they bring out the exposure of some of the poor artists.

      It's not exactly the best thing since the artist doesn't get direct funding, but they don't even know enough English or other language to get those funding. So for the poor artist it is free advertisement in hoping to grow bigger, so support them if you like their creation.

      The exceptions are those that are well funded and sponsored, which probably has English translated and scanlation isn't needed.

      Staying as AC for topic reason.

  3. It's a glut problem in my view by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    With the rapid availability of media of all kinds, I have a lot of difficulty figuring out what to consume. By the time I get around to watching a show or movie I had put on a mental list to watch (such as No Country For Old Men), eight years had already rolled by. Piracy allows one cheap ways to at least test out media. In the case of Japanese manga, there is a bit of a special case where US translations lag significantly behind the Japanese releases and, while fan translations leave something to be desired, timeliness is what people seem to want. A good example of how this worked well was a subbed stream of Naruto very close to the Japanese releases, which AFAIK did well.

    It seems to me consumers want a much more buffet-style setup (a la music or video streaming) with timely releases (in the case of Japanese media), so it's what companies should work to provide.

    1. Re:It's a glut problem in my view by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is what Crunchyroll tries to provide, and they've gotten quite a few paying subscribers for their troubles.

      Meanwhile Netflix camps on anime until the end of the season and releases it all at once to fit what they see as their customer base's "binge watching" habit. It probably works fine for stuff that's completely Netflix exclusive, but when you've got some people talking about how awesome Trigger's latest episode is, and other people having to wait for another month or two to see it, you're going to see some people turning to the dark side.

    2. Re:It's a glut problem in my view by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Maybe you'd do well to consume less. Cut the cord in a meaningful way.

  4. Rats! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Here is what what I do for fun. Shooting rats with N_I_G_H_T ViSiOn!!!

  5. Online Piracy Can Boost Penis Size, Research Finds by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    tis true,

  6. Online bullshit boosts sales! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    See facebook as an example

  7. But... by sconeu · · Score: 1

    But... but... the MAFIAA have told us that that is TEH 3VIL!!!!!!!

    --
    General Relativity: Space-time tells matter where to go; Matter tells space-time what shape to be.
    1. Re:But... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, taking something that isn't yours and not given by the owner is evil. I'm sure you'll find some illogical gymnastics to justify your thievery but it's still dishonest.

  8. Shorter terms? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    To put this another way, displacement effect is dominant for ongoing comics, and advertisement effect is dominant for completed comics,"

    Sounds like an argument for shorter copyright terms (much shorter).

  9. Piracy has cost me plenty by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    There's a lot of stuff that I wouldn't have given the time of day for, in fact, most stuff. But often I will download a series and discover that not only is it up my alley but it's amazing.

    Then I head to Amazon and buy the fuck out of it, not out of any moral duty or guilt or anything but to either clear space on my drive or to actually get a quality transfer.

    This process has been ongoing for about 10 years for me and man, I thought my movie collection would get smaller with the advent of PirateBay and the like but the opposite has happened... quite dramatically.

    I mean it's like how the radio used to work, you'd hear an awesome song on and then you'd go buy the record.

    1. Re:Piracy has cost me plenty by neghvar1 · · Score: 1

      Piracy has saved me plenty. I try to try before I buy. Last time I got burned was Doom 3. Played about 4 hours and hated it. Have not played it since. I downloaded Civilization 6 and what not pleased with it. Deleted the game and saved myself $59.99.

      Though consumers want demos, it is not financially wise for publishers to release them. If a consumer tries a demo and dose not like the games, then that is a lost sale. If the consumer has to buy to try and the consumer hates it, then the publisher got their money and another pissed off customer

    2. Re:Piracy has cost me plenty by GuB-42 · · Score: 1

      On Steam, you can ask for refunds on games you played for less than 2 hours.

      In fact I sincerely think that Steam did more against piracy than any DRM scheme. They actually responded to many arguments made by pirates :
      - You can get refunds (no need to pirate to try)
      - You can get games really cheap if you wait (you can still play if you are poor)
      - It is convenient : you can play all games you purchased on any PC with Steam installed, and provided you have a good internet connection, once you decide to buy a game, you can typically play it within minutes (downloading from a pirate site / torrent is not faster)

      There are of course things that steam don't offer that piracy do, such as being free, less risk of losing the game (account ban, shutdown, ...) and no internet requirement. However, the advantages of piracy are not worth it anymore for many players, even for single player games.

    3. Re:Piracy has cost me plenty by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I haven't pirated one single game since Steam was launched. Not one. Before that, i used to pirate games quite a bit. I have even bought games in Steam that I pirated before, simply because I now have the means and a simple solution to do so. The same goes for music. I haven't pirated one single file of music, since the launch of Spotify, and I have been a subscriber paying my monthly fee for years. Why? Spotify is simple, "everything" is there, it's affordable and I can use it both on my computers at work, home and my mobile phone.

      I wish I could say the same thing about movies and TV-shows. I am not pirating those anymore either, I just don't enjoy that type of entertainment anymore. When friends talk about Game of Thrones? I give them a blank stare. When they talk about House of Cards, Orange is the new Black or what ever trending show they are watching - the same thing, a blank stare. Same goes for movies. I would be happy to pay for a streaming service like Spotify, only for movies and TV-shows, but until they stop their frigging regions, leaving me as a Northern-European citizen with a shitty catalogue of content, for a higher price than say an American costumer - I will not support their business model. I'm happy playing my games and talking shit with friends on Mumble/Discord, and listening to music on Spotify while riding my bike, working out or what ever the heck I'm doing - if the movie and TV-industry doesn't want my money, I wont force it on them. :)

  10. They'd never believe it by neghvar1 · · Score: 1

    Big Media would never believe such a study. Even if Einstein, Hawking, Newton, da Vinci, Galileo, Tesla, Faraday, Keynes, Friedman, and Marx all participated in the study.

    1. Re:They'd never believe it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Big Media would never believe such a study. Even if Einstein, Hawking, Newton, da Vinci, Galileo, Tesla, Faraday, Keynes, Friedman, and Marx all participated in the study.

      It doesn't matter if its true or not -- to them, it is not useful. Piracy is a wild-card. It is detached from anyone's budget, job-performance indicators or area of expertise. Any windfall is thus irrelevant to their goals.

    2. Re:They'd never believe it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Big media owns the artists that are already established. Why would they want any newcomers to get recognition using sidechannels not under their control?
      That may be great for someone looking to get more audience, but not for big media companies.

    3. Re:They'd never believe it by GuB-42 · · Score: 1

      Oh yes, they believe it.
      But they will never admit it publicly. Why should they? No matter how much piracy benefits them (if it does), they still want you to pay.

      And I'd love to see all these people you mentioned work together. I am not sure that putting so many strong personalities together will go anywhere but it will be quite fun to watch.

  11. correlation? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    To the first point, could pirating simply be more of an affect due to popularity? That is, the more likely someone is to know about a product, the more likely they will consume or pirate it?

    The second point is interesting. I assume this may be hitting a different type of consumer.

  12. No such things as bad publicity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The more people who know about your "thing" (movie/music/book/art) the more people will be interested in it. Most artists, and even most manufacturers in ANY field, wind up giving away a significant fraction of their production runs just so they can sell the rest. It's called advertising and it costs money.
    Of course, it can be argued that the people who download your free stuff would never buy it in any case, so it wouldn't impact your bottom line.

  13. CBS/Paramount got it Wrong then - Star Trek by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So by snuffing out Fan Films while they they are not making New Star Trek, they are Killing their brand.

    But reigning in fan films while they are "actually" producing Good product is a good thing for them.

    Wow.. how stupid the studios are.

  14. Light Novels. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I read a few Japanese Light Novels, only a few dozen a year, still can't read the native language. The vast majority are fan translated before getting licensed in the US. Once licensed I will usually pick up one volume to try and support the art I enjoy. I usually stop at one volume as the licensed versions are Americanized to shit. I wouldn't mind purchasing the originals straight from the Japaneses publisher, even though I can't read them, as long as the fan translated versions weren't DCMA'd to hell like they often are. That being said, I torrent or just directly download Epubs I want to read, no hassle and they work on any computer or my phone.

      You want my hard earned money, give me what I want. Don't try to force me to buy what you sell.

    How this ties into Piracy = Sales, I have yet to figure out for Light Novels. For Anime I own a few dozen boxed sets now. $60 to $180 a box, mediocre Americanized subtitles usually, sometimes edited/censored to shit. I watch the Pirated B/D versions on my computer, I will still buy the set from who sell it here in the states, and it stays unopened often. Minor support, would like to do more for the artist that make things I enjoy, but a language gap, laziness and ignorant geo blocking license schemes screw that up.

    tl:dr I agree, it's possible.

  15. The word "Piracy" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Every time that you use a variation of the word "Pirate" in reference to copyright infringement, you frame the argument in the favor of the MPAA / RIAA.

    Stop being their tool!

  16. Crossovers are a big turn-off by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I think the big things that turn me off from buying comics are: the constant cross-overs, requiring you to buy a different comic to follow the story, the lack of story progression, and the difficulty of stopping by a physical store on a weekly / monthly basis to pickup an issue that is only 15-20 pages of story.

    I much prefer the story arcs of things like Transmetropolitan or most manga.

    1. Re:Crossovers are a big turn-off by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Plus, they are insanely expensive for what you get. I remember when comics cost less then a quarter, and contained 1/2 a dozen stories, that were several pages each. Now you pay $3-4 for one comic that contains a single story of a dozen pages, if you are lucky.