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Tests Show Workers At Hanford Nuclear Facility Inhaled Radioactive Plutonium (king5.com)

An anonymous reader quotes a report from King 5, a local news station for Seattle, Washington: On June 8 approximately 350 Hanford workers were ordered to "take cover" after alarms designed to detect elevated levels of airborne radioactive contamination went off. It was quickly determined that radioactive particles had been swept out of a containment zone at the plutonium finishing plant (PFP) demolition site. The work is considered the most hazardous demolition project on the entire nuclear reservation. At the time Hanford officials called the safety measure "precautionary." Officials from the U.S. Dept. of Energy, which owns Hanford, and the contractor in charge of the demolition, CH2M Hill, downplayed the seriousness of the event with statements including, it appeared "workers were not at risk", "(the alarm went off) in an area where contamination is expected" and there was "no evidence radioactive particles had been inhaled" by anyone.

The KING 5 Investigators have discovered those statements are incorrect. An internal CH2M Hill email sent to their employees on July 21 was obtained by KING. It states that 301 (test kits) have been issued to employees and of the first 65 workers tested, a "small number of employees" showed positive results for "internal exposures" (by radioactive plutonium). Sources tell KING the "small number of employees" is twelve. Twelve people out of 65 is 20 percent. Still outstanding are 236 tests. A communication specialist with CH2M Hill sent a statement that more positive results are expected. "We expect additional positive results because analytical tests like a bioassay can detect radiological contamination at levels far lower than what field monitoring can detect," said Destry Henderson of CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company.

27 of 158 comments (clear)

  1. It's not the radioactivity... by ZecretZquirrel · · Score: 2

    ...but the toxicity of Pu itself that'll getcha.

    1. Re:It's not the radioactivity... by Namarrgon · · Score: 4, Informative

      It's true that Plutonium is highly toxic, but an airborne particle is probably not enough to cause significant health effects from that (the toxology profile suggests the level for that is 10 ppm) - depending on how many are inhaled of course.

      But the radiation is indeed the bigger hazard. Plutonium's long half-life means it's not as dangerously radioactive as some other elements - so long as exposure is relatively brief or distant (inverse square law applies). When it gets inside you though, it sticks in there for decades, and at that extremely close range the radiation is a lot more powerful, so your chances of cancer go up significantly.

      --
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    2. Re:It's not the radioactivity... by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The problem with Plutonium is, it wanders into the bone marrow.
      That means even very small amounts are deadly. Per kg weight the deadly dose is about 0.32mg.
      Of course it is unlikely the workers inhaled that much. OTOH, a lower dose might be deadly, too. If you have bad luck.

      --
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    3. Re:It's not the radioactivity... by toonces33 · · Score: 2

      It is an alpha emitter, so yeah, I would worry about the radiation. Those things can do a number on you if you ingest them.

    4. Re:It's not the radioactivity... by gweihir · · Score: 2

      Pu is not toxic in these doses. It will pretty reliably cause lung-cancer from the radioactivity though.

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    5. Re:It's not the radioactivity... by stoatwblr · · Score: 2

      Smokers are exposed to the highest levels of alpha radiation encountered by any group of humans on the planet (polonium), but the vast majority of cancers which develop in ex-smokers seem to be catalysed by the breakdown products of that radiation (berylium features heavily in the decay chain and it's a major carcinogen) rather than the radiation.

  2. Not on /. by rmdingler · · Score: 2

    Twelve people out of 65 is 20 percent.

    18.5%, if you round up, mathlete.

    --
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    Ernest Hemingway

  3. "an anonymous reader"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    How likely is it that this anonymous reader is mdsolar?

  4. Level of Exposure? by alvinrod · · Score: 2

    The summary and the articles leave out some pretty important information. How much radiation were workers exposed to?

    There's one part where CH2M Hill claimed less than you would receive during a chest x-ray, but then it quotes someone else who claims that claim is BS.

    1. Re:Level of Exposure? by dbIII · · Score: 2

      That's not so trivial to measure as with x-rays, gamma rays etc and one of the reasons Putin's guys used another alpha particle emitter, Polonium, as a difficult to detect poison.
      Any amount ingested/inhaled is considered unsafe and the idea is to get it out before it's been in there so long. Then it's the cancer lottery - was there enough damage while it was in there for only a tiny chance or certain cancer?

    2. Re:Level of Exposure? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 2

      Plutonium migrates into the bone marrow.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    3. Re:Level of Exposure? by Orgasmatron · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Right now, the final dose evaluation for the first 65 bioassays show a small number of employees with a dose of less than or equal to 1 millirem. Internal exposures are doses that are measured in millirem the person is expected to receive over the span of 50 years.

      For context, CH2M has an administrative dose limit of 500 millirem per year, which are well below the legal limits of 5,000 millirem per year. The results received show a very low internal contamination dose that is significantly less than a typical chest x-ray.

      Up to 1 millirem over the next 50 years. This is essentially the lower cutoff of the test being used. It means that it is enough that the test can detect that something is there, but not so much that it can be quantified. With sensitive gear, you could get that result from a nanorem-range emitter. Or, from a 500 microrem emitter.

      Basically, if you add up all of the radiation dose received by one of the "contaminated" people for the rest of their life, it is 0.2% of the company's annual limit, or 0.02% of the regulatory annual exposure limit. Oh, and the regulatory exposure limit has a lot of safety margin built in, according to the medical data.

      Basically, this story's headline should be "Holy shit, we've got amazing technology for detecting tiny traces of radioactivity."

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    4. Re:Level of Exposure? by Fallen+Kell · · Score: 4, Informative

      Except you failed at physics of how the different types of radiation work. We are dealing with an internal alpha source, not an external alpha source. Alpha sources are 1000 times more dangerous when inhaled or ingested (1000 times is not a made up number, this has been experimentally shown, see "Effect of Dose Rate on the Induction of Experimental Lung Cancer in Hamsters by Alpha Radiation" 1985 study).

      The reason is quite simple, alpha radiation has extremely poor penetration capability (2-3 layers of paper is enough to stop it, which is less than the layers of dead skin cells we have on top of our actual skin). As a result, external alpha sources are not very dangerous. But put that source inside the body, where it is past the dead skin that protects you, and suddenly, you have a cancer generator sitting right next to cells that it can reach.

      Given that this was Hanford, it was most likely Pu-239 that we are dealing with, which has a half-life of 24,100 years. The only way it will exit the body once ingested or inhaled is if it manages to be coughed up (unlikely), or absorbed into the blood stream/lymphic system and manage to travel out as excrement without getting trapped in say the liver, kidneys, lymph nodes, or any of the other pathways within the body (at which point it will then most likely cause enough DNA damage to surrounding cells to create cancer).

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  5. Re: I bet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    Wasn't Hanford intended for nuclear weapons development?

  6. Re: I bet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    Hanford was from the bad old days of nuclear weapons development where everything was done as fast and cheaply as possible. It has nothing to do with power generation

  7. Re: I bet by Trax3001BBS · · Score: 4, Informative

    Wasn't Hanford intended for nuclear weapons development?

    Yep, the unheard of twin, the plutonium used in the second bomb on Japan was produce at Hanford. Production continued till Chernobyl blew up (steam explosion). They were a carbon moderated reactor as was the last operating nuclear production reactor at Hanford.

  8. The industrial accident is tragic but ... by dbIII · · Score: 3, Informative

    The industrial accident is tragic but the "spin" is worse because it can lead to poor precautions and more accidents.
    The point here is not about using nukes or not (the stuff exists and has to be dealt with), it's about the lying sacks of shit who hurt everyone by doing so - even their own cause.

    Nuke fanboys, if you want to know why we don't have reactors everywhere it's due to these lying sacks of shit making it so an entire industry is not trusted and not the powerless hippies you keep blaming.

  9. Re:I bet by doom · · Score: 2

    I bet these workers are so incredibly glad nuclear power is such a clean source of energy.

    Try to make some minor effort to know what you're talking about. The issues with Hanford have nothing to do with civilian power generation. Just quoting the summary: "...radioactive particles had been swept out of a containment zone at the plutonium finishing plant (PFP) demolition site."; Or you could try Hanford Site: "The Hanford Site is a mostly decommissioned nuclear production complex"

    Even if this was an incident at a nuclear power plant, the thing thing to do would be to treat it much the way we do plane crashes-- find out why it happened, and think about what to do to keep it from happening again.

    The fact that we treat anti-nuclear activists differently from, say, a crazy on a street corner screaming about how planes just aren't SAFE, this is pretty remarkable.

  10. Re:"...Inhaled Radioactive Plutonium" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    "Is there any other kind?"

    Well, there's the Pu-36, that goes into the Explosive Space Modulator. When not inserted, it is quite harmless. It's got Electrolytes.

    (This is a decades long joke by Seaborg, who nicknamed Plutonium "Pee U", from the Latin "Puteo", which means "It Stinks". He was expecting to be overruled, expecting "Pl" instead, since "Pt" was already taken by Platinum. However his original suggestion stuck. When it came to naming his own Element, Seaborgium, "S" was taken by Sulfur, "Se" was taken by Selenium, and "Sb" was used for Antimony, "Sr" for Strontium... "Sg" was chosen for "Seaborg, Glenn". This is a new convention in Naming. But when it comes to "Ghiorsium" we run into more problems:
    "Ag" and "Ga" have been taken. Al would be comfortable with calling it just "Al", but then there is that pesky Aluminum. So "Gh" has been tentatively chosen. But then we get back to joke names, because Al's actual choice for for naming this yet-to-be-discovered Element is "Ghastlium".
    Yes, we're a _lot_ of fun at Parties. After all, "Jello Shots" were invented at Los Alamos, and "Berkeley Punch" was 50% Hawaiian Punch and 50% 190 Proof Ethanol.)

  11. Re:I bet by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 3, Informative

    I bet these workers are so incredibly glad nuclear power is such a clean source of energy.

    But since Hanford was a nuclear weapons plant, this story has nothing to do with sources of energy.

  12. Re:I bet by meglon · · Score: 2

    How many have died from solar, wind, or wave?

    --
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  13. Re:Could be worse by Orgasmatron · · Score: 3, Funny

    No, no! This is an official Mdsolar Anti-Nuke Story(tm). You are not allowed to bring facts or data into the discussion. You are not allowed to mention hormesis. You must bow down before LNT. You must, like the doctors in the article, speak in vague generalities - "Well gosh, radiation is invisible and scary. Forget the data, anything at all could happen if you get some in your body!"

    I've come to recognize that Nuclear Derangement Syndrome was a practice run. The symptoms are identical to the new trendy disease: Trump Derangement Syndrome.

    --
    See that "Preview" button?
  14. Re:I bet by Chas · · Score: 3, Insightful

    How many people died because of Three Mile Island?

    None.

    As for contamination. You DO realize exactly how much Thorium and Uranium are present in the ground beneath your feet right? Where do you think radon gas comes from?

    Done SAFELY, nuclear is essentially carbon-free.

    And the problems with current nuclear can be solved by moving to a different reactor model. One that's inherently safe and runs no risk of steam explosions.
    Unlike the solid fuel reactors, it burns ALL of it's fuel, so you're not pulling fuel that's only 10-15% spent.
    And while the byproducts which aren't medically or scientifically useful are VERY radioactive, they're only this way for short periods of time.

    And even if it was megaton quantities (like the waste from solid fuel reactors from the past 60 years), it's still a drop in the bucket compared to what's gone up the flues of coal-fired plants.

    --


    Chas - The one, the only.
    THANK GOD!!!
  15. Re:I bet by SnowZero · · Score: 2, Informative

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banqiao_Dam
    171,000 killed, or 40x the deaths attributable to the Chernobyl disaster.

    You can say we (mostly) don't build dams like that anymore, but we don't build reactors like Chernobyl anymore either.

  16. Re:I bet by danbert8 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

    Fukushima: "None of the workers at the Fukushima Daiichi site have died from acute radiation poisoning,[17] though six workers died due to various reasons, including cardiovascular disease, during the containment efforts or work to stabilize the earthquake and tsunami damage to the site.[17]" "Although it was the largest nuclear disaster since the Chernobyl disaster of 1986,[10] and the radiation released exceeded official safety guidelines, there were no casualties caused by radiation exposure, but 34 people died as a result of the evacuation.[4]"

    Chernobyl: "56 direct deaths (47 accident workers and nine children with thyroid cancer) resulted from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, and it is estimated that there may eventually be 4,000 extra cancer deaths among the approximately 600,000 most highly exposed people.[2][3][4]"

    Nuclear is pretty clean. Fukushima is an accident, but to call it a disaster is an insult to the earthquake and tsunami that were the ACTUAL disaster:
    "On 10 March 2015, a Japanese National Police Agency report confirmed 15,894 deaths,[37] 6,152 injured,[38] and 2,562 people missing[39] across twenty prefectures, as well as 228,863 people living away from their home in either temporary housing or due to permanent relocation.[40]"

    Nuclear is like anything else, it can be very dangerous when in the wrong hands. When used for power generation it might kill approximately ZERO people. When made into a bomb: "According to figures published in 1945, 66,000 people were killed as a direct result of the Hiroshima blast, and 69,000 were injured to varying degrees.[32] "

    --
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  17. Re:I bet by doom · · Score: 2

    I still don't know what the fixation with coal is. Yes, coal is very bad..

    The "fixation" is that we use a lot of it.

    If the rest of the planet had done what France did back in the 70s, we wouldn't have a global warming problem.

  18. Re:I bet by Agent0013 · · Score: 2

    Are you really trying to tell me that Fukushima is not currently leaking radioactive material into the ocean. Or is it that you say that is safe? Because we chalk the deaths up under some other category where the blame is not 100% on the nuclear industry fault, we can handle any number of reactor melt-downs. They are always going to be wonderful for the environment. How many more years until the next one happens, right?

    --

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