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San Francisco Just Took a Huge Step Toward Internet Utopia (wired.com)

Susan Crawford, writing for Backchannel: Last week, San Francisco became the first major city in America to pledge to connect all of its homes and businesses to a fiber optic network. I urge you to read that sentence again. It's a ray of light. In an era of short-term, deeply partisan do-nothing-ism, the city's straightforward, deeply practical determination shines. Americans, it turns out, are capable of great things -- even if only at the city level these days. [...] San Francisco's dilemma is a compact form of the crisis in communications facing the rest of the country: Although fiber is the necessary infrastructure for every policy goal we have -- advanced healthcare, the emergence of new forms of industries, a chance for every child to get an education, managed use of energy, and on and on -- the private sector, left to its own devices, has no particular incentive to ensure a widespread upgrade to fiber optic connections. Comcast dominates access in the city, but has no plans to replace its cable lines -- great at downloads, not so great at uploads, no opportunity to scale to the capacity of fiber thanks to the laws of physics, and expensive to subscribe to -- with fiber. And its planned enhancements to its cable lines have, in other cities, resulted in a product costing $150 per month. AT&T will say it's upgrading to fiber in San Francisco, but so far its work in many other US cities has been incremental, confined to areas where it has existing business customers to serve or where it already has fiber in place. Other, smaller providers similarly have no plans to do a city-wide upgrade, leaving San Francisco with a deeply uneven patchwork of connectivity. Just as in the rest of the country, poorer and less-well-educated San Franciscans tend not to subscribe to a wire at home, but instead rely wholly on smartphone data plans -- no substitutes, given their expense and throttled capacity, for what's possible using a wired connection.

18 of 226 comments (clear)

  1. So everyone can access the San Fran shit map? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Thatâ(TM)s great. In stead of dealing with the homeless issues just give everyone internet access and a map of where not to walk because of human waste in the street.

  2. Key word here is "pledged" by jodido · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I tend not to get too excited about political promises. There are two ways, as I see it, this can happen. One is the city tries to build the network. The private ISPs will sue and the project will languish for years, if it ever gets off the ground at all. Second, the city pays the private ISP's to build the network--in other words, a giant handout. Then some public interest group will sue, and the project will languish for years, if it ever gets off the ground at all.

    1. Re:Key word here is "pledged" by JackieBrown · · Score: 2

      I'm guessing you mean US city?

      Based on the thread context and the article everyone is responding to, of course they mean "US city." Why would you even need to ask that?

      I guess at least you didn't write USian city...

    2. Re: Key word here is "pledged" by corychristison · · Score: 2

      I live in Saskatchewan, Canada. The entire population of the Province is about 1.1 Million.

      We have a major telecom company that is owned by our Provincial Government.

      About 10-12 years ago they started rolling out Fibre across the province. Starting with the 4 biggest communities. My city (of 35,000 people) was one of those 4 communities.

      I've had ubiquitous access to fiber since 2010 or so in my city. Needless to say the consistent speed and reliability is amazing. From what I've heard from friends that work for the ISP, is that their customer support costs have gone down. Since it's more reliable, faster, and more stable, people have less to call and complain about.

      The plans lack a bit. Fastest speed we can get is 260Mbps down / 60Mbps up. And it costs about $200/mo (Canadian Dollars)... but still a far cry from the old ADSL network that capped out at 25Mbps down/5Mbps up.

    3. Re: Key word here is "pledged" by TWX · · Score: 2

      That plan is probably dictated by a combination of the edge service provider's connection to the backbone service provider, and the edge service provider's willingness to spend money on their distribution network in the form of switches and optics and the topology chosen for the fiber plant.

      As a commercial customer, I've worked with both Centurylink and COX for fiber networks. CL uses a hub-and-spoke topology in my market that they inherited when they took over the old phone company. Each of my sites has a twelve-strand OM1 cable with two strands used, CL provides a handoff with their Metro Optical switch, and I then take service from that to my service entrance switch. CL needs four rack units, three for the LIU, one for the switch, which also acts as their demarcation point. Upsides, I'm the only customer on this spoke, so their equipment at my premises only has to meet the needs of the service I have subscribed to, and arguably if their MPLS network were configured for it they wouldn't even have to put a switch in my sites, just handing off at the coupler panel. Downside, running a spoke network is expensive, from every CO or NX they have to have a dedicated pair of strands to my site, either physically splicing in from backbone fiber running through the city, or else having a dedicated cable all of the way.

      COX uses a ring-topology with mixed customers on the rings. They have something like 24 strands in, 24 strands out. They're using some kind of PON variant even for their own 2U switch, so they have an LIU for the raw fiber, then they pass through some kind of PON filter in what looks like a second LIU that directs the specific wavelength to their switch to the two 40G optics for the ring, but lets the rest of the wavelengths pass through. Also because of the topology they have around 8U of battery. Their switches are DC, so the rectifier powers the batteries and then the switches are powered off of that setup. Upside, the topology is a lot simpler, they don't have to run as much fiber except where they have to cut-in from the trunk cables to enter the customer premises, but the downsides are they use ~12U of rack space and that the rings can be broken and lead to isolated segments if customers premises issues at multiple locations impact the rings. It also requires us to provide site access to their techs to diagnose ring problems, so we have to do off-hours support a lot more than with CL.

      From a workflow point of view I like the Centurylink setup better. Three rack units is easy to find for them, and since they're just running an off-the-shelf Metro Optical switch, it gets plugged into the same power redundancy as my own equipment. By contrast the COX setup uses a lot of room, allows for the sites to be taken out by something as simple as one customer with multiple sites downing the equipment, requires expensive switches and optics for the 40G shared backbone everywhere they have a service-entrance, and since those switches are DC-only, if the battery and rectifier fail (which they have) I can't bypass around them to power up the service entrance switch until a tech can replace the defective unit.

      Not knowing the engineering choices made in your municipal network I cannot say what they've done. Personally I'd rather pay more for the fiber now and less for the equipment, knowing that the equipment will have to be changed-out on a somewhat regular basis as demand for more throughput compels it.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
  3. Re:Bigger priorities by WoodstockJeff · · Score: 4, Interesting

    > Perhaps they should focus on more basic needs.

    Internet is a VERY big need.

    How can you convince people that they're living in a utopia if you can't distract them from reality? In fact, Internet is VITAL making things better!

  4. Read the Weasel Words by Zorro · · Score: 4, Informative

    "to PLEDGE to connect all of its homes and businesses to a fiber optic network."

    Which means about as much as Unicorn power.

    It will all be twisted apart in the next big quake when San Francisco is again reduced to rubble anyway. Bad place to build a city.

    1. Re:Read the Weasel Words by bluegutang · · Score: 4, Informative

      San Francisco was never reduced to rubble by an earthquake. In the 1906 quake, more than 90% of the damage was caused by resulting fires, not the earthquake itself. And modern building codes are well equipped to deal with both earthquakes and fires, so it certainly wouldn't be reduced to rubble by an earthquake now.

    2. Re:Read the Weasel Words by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      They may have buildings robust to the natural disasters but San Francisco will be left a smoldering pile of rubble by the one thing they have no defense against: Leftist ideals. They will be the future Detroit. Having gone so smug from being built up by a successful industry that they lost focus and the pressures that drive people.

      Mark my words. San Francisco will be like Detroit in ~20 years.
       

    3. Re:Read the Weasel Words by epine · · Score: 2

      Not to mention cost.

      I live further up the west coast, and the probability of "the big one" we all fear is about 0.3% per year (which does not increase much as years go by without such an event happening; there's a whole chapter devoted to the Big Three statistical metaphors in Algorithms to Live By; fractal history approximates no history to a first order).

      Furthermore, a big chunk of the "cost" that so worries you is bringing all of the damaged infrastructure into alignment with modern building code and building practice. Sure, it's an unplanned cash outlay (from the category of "unplanned" events that get incessant airplay), but a big chunk of that outlay amounts to capital investment, under duress though it may be.

      One can even wonder whether a little creative destruction in the Bay area wouldn't help to ameliorate the Bay-area housing crisis.

      Never waste a good crisis.

      10 Good Things We Owe To The Black Death

      The bottom line here is that ecologists have long recognized that humanities global footprint is a lot better with dense urbanization than without.

      It does stack a lot of eggs into some fragile baskets (the damn things barely last a century or few), but this tends to go hand-in-hand—in the least brotherly sense—with an unimaginable concentration of wealth, much of it encoded in 1s and 0s, for which the building code is global redundancy, interconnected by such fat pipes that the restoration bandwidth required to salvage a large, badly shaken urban economy is on the order of a few Netflix-hours.

      Methinks the lady has a soft spot for her disaster porn.

  5. Bad at problem solving by MightyYar · · Score: 4, Insightful

    advanced healthcare, the emergence of new forms of industries, a chance for every child to get an education, managed use of energy,

    All those things listed... not one of them has low hanging fruit that is addressed by "faster internet". Healthcare is a big, expensive mess - and that is not because hospitals and doctors' offices can't get fast internet. Education is an absolute shitshow in all but a few states, and that has nothing to do with the internet. Energy use monitoring consists of low-bandwidth wireless meters that benefit not at all from fiber. I'm sure that industries will pop up to take advantage of subsidized internet, just as industries pop up when there is subsidized water, electricity, etc. Even subsidized shit.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  6. Cost by ChrisMaple · · Score: 3, Insightful

    San Francisco is about 5 billion dollars in debt. Although that's only 1/4 of the per capita debt of NYC, it's still irresponsible of the city to make such a claim.

    --
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    1. Re:Cost by Solandri · · Score: 2

      That's city debt. That's in addition to state and national debt (and personal debt) owed by every SF citizen. In terms of city debt, SF ranks near the bottom.

  7. Fix the REAL fucking problem. by geekmux · · Score: 2, Insightful

    "Comcast dominates access in the city..."

    Say no more.

    When one of the largest cities in our entire country allows a fucking monopoly on internet service, there's only one true problem to solve for; the corruption that creates and sustains that shit.

  8. Deeply practical....bullshit by argStyopa · · Score: 4, Insightful

    "straightforward, deeply practical determination shines"
    Right!

    https://sf.budgetchallenge.org... (this is an official SFO city page)
    This projection reveals deficits of $86 million in FY 2016-17 and $161 million in FY 2017-18, a total deficit of approximately $246.4 million over the next two years.
    This is simultaneous with their floating a $3.5 BILLION bond to desperately try to fix BART infrastructure: https://www.wired.com/2016/03/...
    Oh wait, not really: http://www.mercurynews.com/201...
    "Less than three months after voters passed a $3.5 billion BART bond for capital projects, transit officials presented budget forecasts in which the district reneges on its part of the deal."

    And let's not forget:
    http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.c...
    Gov. Jerry Brown has proposed a $122.5 billion budget for California and is warning of a possible $2 billion deficit in the coming fiscal year.

    Not sure what the OP is peddling, but the fact is that SFO's budget is sheer fantasy already without adding the ridiculous cost of shoving fiber-internet everywhere.

    Even in California you can't build infrastructure out of candy, unicorns, and rainbows.

    --
    -Styopa
  9. Re:This is the great leap forward? by turkeyfish · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You make a good point. However, the days where the US is the world leader are rapidly coming to a close. Part of the reason for this can seen by numerous other responses in this thread demonstrating that people would rather find a reason to bitch and make wisecracks rather than do anything positive to keep up with our foreign competitors. In Korea and Japan one can purchase 10GBit/s internet speeds for less than $50/month. This year China will lay 10 times more fiber than the US, while also building more high speed rail, more wind and solar power, increase their exports to US and the rest of the world at about 2.5 times the pace of the US, All the while, the supposed "talent" in the US will busy putting their money into fattening the wallets of Comcast and AT&T execs.

  10. Re:Bigger priorities by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Stop supporting Democrats and Republicans and start supporting candidates who actually act in accordance with your values.

    Precisely why I voted Trump. He is against both those parties. He's the closest thing we've had to an Independent in a long, long time.

  11. Re:Bigger priorities by drew_kime · · Score: 3, Informative

    Perhaps they should focus on more basic needs. Eliminating the feces that litter the streets. The horrible roads that are full of potholes. Lowering housing costs. Yeah, Internet... that's the most important thing.

    Governments have lots of people in them. They're actually capable of doing more than one thing at a time.

    --
    Nope, no sig