PCIe 4.0 Specs Revealed: 16GTps Rate and Not Just For Graphics Cards Anymore (tomshardware.com)
Freshly Exhumed writes: PCI-SIG has released the specifications for version 4.0 of the PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) bus, which, according to Chairman Al Yanes, promises data transfer rates of 16GTps, extended tags and credits for service devices, reduced system latency, lane margining, superior RAS capabilities, scalability for added lanes and bandwidth, improved I/O virtualization and platform integration. Tom's Hardware has posted a slide deck of the new version's specifications.
GigaTransfers per second, essentially the clock speed of the bus. The bandwidth can then be found by multiplying the number of transfers per second with the bus width, and adjust for the encoding overhead (8/10 for PCIe 2.0 and earlier, 128/130 for PCIe 3.0 and above).
So, 4x (lane) PCIe 4.0 can do 16 * 4 * 128 / 130 = ~63Gb/s or ~7.9GB/s.
Wikipedia got a nice table: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express#History_and_revisions.