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Laika, the Pioneering Space Dog, Was Launched 60 Years Ago Today (space.com)

sqorbit writes: Sixty years ago, the space race was in full swing. Russia had sent Sputnik into space with much success. In an effort to push farther, they rushed sending a dog into space in a re-purposed Sputnik rocket. The mission launched with no clear solution to a safe re-entry. Within a few hours of launch, temperature controls failed, killing the female dog named Laika. Launched on November 3, 1957, it did not re-enter the earth's atmosphere until April 14, 1958. Laika was the first living creature to fly into orbit, Space.com reports. While Soviet publications at the time claimed that Laika died, painlessly, after a week in Earth's orbit, Anatoly Zak of RussianSpaceWeb.com writes that several Russian sources revealed decades later that the dog actually survived in orbit for four days and then died when the cabin overheated. "According to other sources, severe overheating and the death of the dog occurred only five or six hours into the mission," he writes. "With all systems dead, the spacecraft continued circling the Earth until April 14, 1958, when it re-entered the atmosphere after 2,570 orbits (2,370 orbits according to other sources) or 162 days in space. Many people reportedly saw a fiery trail of Sputnik 2 as it flew over New York and reached the Amazon region in just 10 minutes during its re-entry."

74 comments

  1. Poor dog. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I only hope she got to pop out a litter or two and had lots of good food before she got sent up.

    Somehow I think she probably got gruel and kept in a tiny cage though :(

    1. Re:Poor dog. by PopeRatface · · Score: 2, Funny

      The scientists involved have said they regretted sending her up, They should have sent up a less sympathetic creature. Maybe a lawyer, or something like that.

      --
      Oy vey! It's anudda Shoah, I tells ya! Anudda Shoah!
    2. Re:Poor dog. by Hognoxious · · Score: 2

      For all their faults, this would never have happened in North Korea.

      Ready for launch? I thought you said lunch!

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    3. Re:Poor dog. by MightyYar · · Score: 1

      She was a stray, selected because she was more well-behaved than the others.

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    4. Re:Poor dog. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And her name was Kudriavka. She was re-christened by Korolev [the Chief Designer] himself after she was presented to him. Laika means 'barker'.

      My little bitch is her doppelganger.

    5. Re:Poor dog. by muons · · Score: 1

      Who says well behaved bitches don't make history? (tongue in cheek) The real story in my mind is that there wasn't even a plan to bring her back. What possible use is there to sending her up in the first place? To say you have done it? Why should anyone care? OK, it was a first, but it is a successful operation where the patient died. At least the humans volunteering to go to mars with no hope of return are volunteers.

    6. Re:Poor dog. by MightyYar · · Score: 2

      They didn't have the technological ability to bring her back, and they wanted to see if mammals could survive in space.

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    7. Re:Poor dog. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      it's a tradgdy they missed the opportunity to make the world a better place and send a lawyer\politician.

    8. Re: Poor dog. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Who says well behaved bitches don't make history?

      Muons, you are a fucking piece if shit.

    9. Re: Poor dog. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There was political pressure to be the first to send a living being in space. Otherwise they couldâ(TM)ve waited a few months or a year more until they have reentry technology. It doesnâ(TM)t make sense to send a human in space without reentry anyways so you donâ(TM)t get much from knowing humans can survive in space if they canâ(TM)t be brought back to Earth. However, the political pressure was immense so they had to do something spectacular.

      On the other hand if they had waited, I guess the only difference would have been that the dog would be American and probably wonâ(TM)t be a dog but a rhesus monkey. The US used monkeys for such tests and most of them died for much less notable achievements.

    10. Re: Poor dog. by MightyYar · · Score: 1

      Yeah of course you are right they were under tremendous time pressure. But if you don't care about the fate of the dog, the flight still made logical sense... In what we used to call "concurrent engineering" teams work in parallel rather than waiting on one another to pass gates before proceeding. In this case, there's no reason for the life support team to wait on the reentry team.

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  2. Ahem by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The 3rd was yesterday

    1. Re:Ahem by pjt33 · · Score: 1

      Don't forget the first rule of Slashdot editing: don't. Even if the summary doesn't make sense without the context of the article it is ripped from (it makes a nice change here that the submitter actually wrote their own summary), editing it to make sense is verboten.

  3. She didn't die, she was saved by aliens. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Poltroyans and a sympathetic Gi, as I recall. The Krondaku didn't care, the Simbari were scandalized, and the Lylmik were inscrutable.

    1. Re:She didn't die, she was saved by aliens. by maroberts · · Score: 1

      I think Marc Remillard 'arranged' for them to be there

      --

      Donte Alistair Anderson Roberts - hi son!
      Karma: Chameleon

  4. Think of all the dogs which die in overheated cars by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If it helps

  5. Obligatory by sheramil · · Score: 1

    http://achewood.com/index.php?date=03282008

  6. Amazon by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "Many people reportedly saw a fiery trail of Sputnik 2 as it flew over New York and reached the Amazon region in just 10 minutes during its re-entry."

    Just fyi, I think the reference to Amazon here is something different.

    I found this link on the web.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River

  7. Indeed... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Laika was launched on this date, but it took some time for the Soviet scientists to sort out all the bugs.

    1. Re:Indeed... by Hognoxious · · Score: 3, Funny

      You can get a special comb. Or a collar impregnated with chemicals.

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  8. Fuck Russia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Innovative thieves and liars.

    1. Re: Fuck Russia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As opposed to criminal Cowboys who Start civil wars in foreign countries?

    2. Re: Fuck Russia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Gee, that was insulting. Fuck you, Boris.

    3. Re:Fuck Russia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Mad much because Russia won the space race, and Americans are getting dumber by the year because education is hard? Mmmm! Some info for you: America was built on IP theft during the industrial revolution. Remember that, because the whole world does!

    4. Re: Fuck Russia by 93+Escort+Wagon · · Score: 1

      As opposed to criminal Cowboys who Start civil wars in foreign countries?

      Like Ukraine?

      --
      #DeleteChrome
  9. RIP doggo by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
  10. 60 years by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That's almost half a dog millennium!

  11. North Korea should launch a dog into space by maroberts · · Score: 1

    ..and time the landing for lunchtime.

    --

    Donte Alistair Anderson Roberts - hi son!
    Karma: Chameleon

  12. Time pressure by Max_W · · Score: 4, Informative

    One has to understand that at this epoch the USSR was very vulnerable. The US planes could fly over the whole Soviet territory, but the soviet planes could not even reach the USA.

    That is why they tried to make from the rocket program more than it actually was. These first rockets could barely fly.

    1. Re:Time pressure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And yet they still achieved pretty much every space "first" in history. And the "superior" U.S. only got one.

    2. Re:Time pressure by dunkelfalke · · Score: 1

      Not quite. R7 test launches were required anyway, the rocket had a very large throw weight so Korolyov suggested to use it to launch satellites combining the tests with some useful payload and giving the Americans the finger as a triple win situation. As for the bombers, by 1957 the Soviets did already have the Tu-95.

      --
      "It's such a fine line between stupid and clever" -- David St. Hubbins, Spinal Tap
    3. Re:Time pressure by DNS-and-BIND · · Score: 1

      Vulnerable? WTF? The Soviet Union was closed. Like North Korea is today. The whole Second World was closed off. Where do you think the phrase "Iron Curtain" came from?

      To get any information at all required ridiculous amounts of technology like developing the SR-71. By contrast, whenever the Soviets wanted to spy on somewhere, they sent a man out in a car from their embassy with the KGB's super-high tech spy equipment: a camera and a notebook.

      --
      Shutting down free speech with violence isn't fighting fascism. It IS fascism!
    4. Re:Time pressure by rossdee · · Score: 1

      "the soviet planes could not even reach the USA"

      BS

      The Bears had a long enough range to reack much of the continental USA, (coming over the north pole) although since they didn.t have air-air refueling it would have been a 1 way trip
      and most would have been shot down

    5. Re:Time pressure by thinkwaitfast · · Score: 2

      Germany was really the first into space. Above the Kármán line

    6. Re:Time pressure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      German Nazis made the US space endeavor possible in the first place

    7. Re: Time pressure by JoeRobe · · Score: 1

      Iâ(TM)ve heard this before and while the soviets had a lot of successes (which were impressive), to say that the US had only one success is disingenuous. NASA had many, many firsts:

      First geostationary satellite
      First successful interplanetary flyby
      First mars flyby
      First human orbit of moon
      First humans on moon
      First spacecraft to orbit another planet
      First spacecraft in escape trajectory from sun
      First Jupiter flyby
      First gravity assist
      First mercury flyby
      First space shuttle launch
      First Uranus and Neptune flyby
      First Mars orbiter
      First manned lunar rover
      First Saturn flyby
      First pictures from mars
      First comet flyby (collaboration)
      First asteroid flyby
      First Jupiter orbiter
      First planetary rover
      First Saturn orbiter
      First comet impact
      First Pluto flyby

      --
      The best way to predict the future is to invent it.
    8. Re: Time pressure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You realize there was a US embassy in Moscow and all other Eastern block countries? The same is valid for any western country, so your statement goes both ways. Now, collecting human intelligence is different from creating a map of potential bomb targets. For the latter you get a much better picture from top. The Soviet Union was huge. Russia alone spawns 11 time zones and the USSR included other countries (Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus, etc.). Not including the other eastern block countries. To find something in this vast space you either need a plane that can stay in the air for hours without refueling (obviously above the range of anti aircraft defense) or alternatively a satellite. Since they had the airplanes that can do that the satellites were not that critical. But obviously they underestimated the other effects of being the first to orbit the planet.

    9. Re: Time pressure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Thatâ(TM)s fine for bombing but useless for intelligence gathering. For the latter the plane had to come back with the exposed film. So, it had to stay in the air for hours then fly above enemy defenses or be undetectable (which isnâ(TM)t possible even with modern technology). The Russians didnâ(TM)t master aerial refueling either. Satellites were their only choice (excluding other sources of intelligence).

      However I do agree that the first satellites were far from being useful for intelligence gathering. They were mostly used as a publicity stunt. Sputnik was too small to put any useful equipment in it, it had a primitive radio beacon on two frequencies and a battery, if I recall correctly. Observation satellites are much more than that - the first ones had to use film to capture images, then sent the exposed rolls back to Earth in a small reentry capsule with a parachute. Television transmittersat the time were not advanced enough to provide useable pictures, so they had to use film. The mechanics used in these satellites were quite impressive. Sputnik, on the other hand, was too small for anything like that, but it was launched anyways for the publicity stunt. This is also true for Sputnik 2 - they could have waited for reentry tech to be available,as you need it anyways to send a human. But the price for being the first was much more important than any science information they obtained from the experiment. Thatâ(TM)s why many scientists that were part of the program had regrets.

    10. Re:Time pressure by thinkwaitfast · · Score: 1
  13. This is a better obligatory link by Snard · · Score: 1
    --
    - Mike
    1. Re:This is a better obligatory link by Snard · · Score: 1

      My apologies for the broken link - I should have confirmed it before I posted, but I trusted the artist's own blog wouldn't have a dead link... If someone has an official link, I would appreciate if they could post it. Otherwise I'll assume people know how to find this stuff on their own.

      --
      - Mike
    2. Re:This is a better obligatory link by pedz · · Score: 2

      Is this what you are looking for? Jonathan Coulton - Space Doggity

  14. On the other hand by Mrakodrap · · Score: 1

    How many americanised monkeys ended burned to death in explosions in USA's tests? I have heard of about 60 pieces of apes, incinerated during or shortly after lauch. But these truths are being kept under a deep deep all-deniable lid.

    1. Re:On the other hand by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As far as I know none of the apes were intentionally sent on a suicide mission with no hope of survival.

      But I guess it's whats newsworthy that matters to most people. Shrug.

    2. Re:On the other hand by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      General Motors in America used primates and smaller animals in their collision tests up until 1993 or 1994, but if we bring that up Americans can't get all tall and mighty because Russia won the space race by sending up a dog once.

    3. Re:On the other hand by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      To be pedantic here, dogs, apes and any other animals do not know that they are being sent on a one-way trip, therefore not a suicide mission. It's that cognizance that separates us from them.

    4. Re: On the other hand by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You donâ(TM)t really know what an animal feels and even less if it can have basic reasoning. Some animals show signs indicating an ability to sense emotions from humans.

    5. Re: On the other hand by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, the US used monkeys for testing, mostly rhesus monkeys. Two thirds died in the experiments. Some experiments were such that the monkeys had no chance of survival and this was known in advance. The primates (chimps) that everyone knows were used for the public and had a chance.

    6. Re: On the other hand by Paradise+Pete · · Score: 1

      It's still not a suicide unless the dog agrees.

  15. That's was 420 years ago ... by Desert+Leap · · Score: 2

    ...in dog years.

  16. Re: Think of all the dogs which die in overheated by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Or all the dogs we poison in say , south america. Or all the cruelty life has to offer , etc.

    Remember how many humans are jumping at the bit to die on Mars for progress?

    Wtf else was laika really going to do anyway?

  17. Documentary on the USSR's space program by kbahey · · Score: 1

    Not sure if this will play outside Canada or not.

    But here it is: Cosmonauts: How Russia Won The Space Program, a fascinating look at the USSR's space program, and what they got right, and why.

    Definitely worth watching.

    1. Re:Documentary on the USSR's space program by Solandri · · Score: 1

      Only if you define "won" as "got there first." The Japanese "won" the race to high definition TV, but all the HDTV standards today are based on the U.S. HDTV standards. Why? Because the Japanese version of HDTV was analog - that was the quickest way to transmit HDTV signals in the 1970s. The U.S. HDTV program didn't get started until the late 1980s, right around the time digital signal processors were rapidly improving in performance and dropping in price. Consequently the U.S. version of HDTV was digital, and compressed digital HDTV signals turned out to be much more practical than analog for HDTV.

      Likewise, as a long-term solution to repeatedly getting things into space, rockets are not very efficient. The U.S. realized this soon after WWII and was gradually working on a series of experimental planes to fly into space. It mostly abandoned that approach after Sputnik turned space access political, turning it from a marathon into a sprint.

      Now, 60 years later, after the world has invested trillions of dollars into rocketry R&D, we've seen the writing on the wall and are gradually shifting research back towards much more economically practical hypersonic flight. That is, what the U.S. was already doing in the late 1950s. Imagine where the technology might've been today if we hadn't been distracted by a political "space race." Maybe we'd already have 1 hour flights between North America and Europe/Asia. A moon base (the biggest impediment is the cost of getting materials into orbit to establish a base - rockets are damned expensive). Maybe even a Mars base (again, high cost of fuel for a Mars mission due to rockets being damned expensive). Who knows.

      The same thing happened in computers. In the 1950s-1970s electronic transistors were a lot easier to make than optical transistors. Consequently everyone took the easy route and poured R&D into electronic transistors. That worked fine - computers were doubling in clock speed every 2-3 years - until about 2000. That's when we hit a brick wall. Current leakage in electronic transistors goes as something like the square of frequency, and it turns out about 4 GHz is the practical maximum. Beyond that, the power losses and cooling requirement make higher speeds impractical. The fastest Intel processor in 2002 was 2.8 GHz. Since then, we've only been able to push (mass-produced) clock speeds up to about 4.2 GHz. A 1.5x improvement in 15 years, compared to doubling every 2-3 years. Optical transistors would have no such limitation since it relies on quantum photons instead of lossy electrons. But because we dove headfirst into electronic transistors, our level of optical transistor technology is decades behind electronic transistors. Meaning nobody wants to spend much money on researching optical computing even though its future potential is much greater than electronic computing.

      Sometimes the quickest route isn't the best route.

    2. Re:Documentary on the USSR's space program by kbahey · · Score: 1

      Yes, 'won' here is 'got there first'. It is how the documentary was named, not a conclusion by me.

      Russia still has a functional system that takes stuff to orbit for cheap (e.g. payloads to the space station), unlike the space shuttle, ...etc.

      They built on their strength and did not invest much outside that. They don't have missions to Mars, they don't have space telescopes, ...etc.

      But to be fair, they had to deal with a lot of political turmoil after the collapse of USSR, contrary to other countries.

      Now, the race is on again, with still cheaper and cheaper rockets like what India has, and then we have private companies joining the race (SpaceX ...etc.). And Russia still does what it knows and only that.

    3. Re:Documentary on the USSR's space program by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Digital HDTV hasn't "won" because the devices are going to become useless everytime a new codec is introduced, which is much less than the lifespan of analog TV.

    4. Re:Documentary on the USSR's space program by SvnLyrBrto · · Score: 1

      Not that Moore's Law will necessarily last forever; but it doesn't actually predict a doubling of clock speed. It predicts a doubling of the number of transistors on a chip. And while clock speeds have been pretty stagnant, pretty much everything is multi-core nowadays. So I wouldn't worry about the apocalypse just yet. Damn application & game developers need to drag themselves out of the last decade and write proper multi-threaded code to take full advantage of modern CPUs, that's all.

      --
      Imagine all the people...
    5. Re:Documentary on the USSR's space program by 110010001000 · · Score: 1

      Um, Moore's Law died about 8 years ago.

    6. Re: Documentary on the USSR's space program by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Codecs can be updated, especially with the cheap general purpose CPUs that are installed in every TV set nowadays. Software can be replaced, I:donâ(TM)t know why you choose it as an example. It is the constant changes in hardware that renders modern TV sets obsolete after a few years - resolution, brightness and black levels, dynamic range, fluidity, ..

  18. I like Laika by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    I've always loved Laika. His was a sad tale, a tragedy really. Poor Laika is in dog heaven now.

    1. Re:I like Laika by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Poor Laika is in dog heaven now.

      Nope, not anymore. It was in heaven until mid 1958 though...

  19. 60 years ago... by zantafio · · Score: 1

    ... the soviets came up with the most convoluted and expensive way to euthanize a dog.

  20. I bet she wasn't by RockDoctor · · Score: 0

    Laika was the first living creature to fly into orbit,

    I've heard nothing of any attempts at sterilising Sputnik 1, so it's almost certain that it carried bacteria, insects and possibly tardigrades into space, where some would have persisted for a time.

    Do people actually no think at all before committing their stream of consciousness to electrons?

    --
    Birds are not dinosaur descendants;birds are dinosaurs, for all useful meanings of "birds", "are" and "dinosaurs"
    1. Re:I bet she wasn't by Jamlad · · Score: 1

      Oh don't be a pedantic ass. You know what he meant.

    2. Re:I bet she wasn't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Do people actually no think at all

      Hey guys, we found the Russian!

    3. Re:I bet she wasn't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      go away kid

    4. Re:I bet she wasn't by RockDoctor · · Score: 1

      What he meant was probably not what he wrote. That's just fucking stupid.

      --
      Birds are not dinosaur descendants;birds are dinosaurs, for all useful meanings of "birds", "are" and "dinosaurs"
  21. Re: Think of all the dogs which die in overheated by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Or all the dogs we poison in say , south america.

    Go suck dick, asshole. South America is a dog's heaven. Choose some hellhole in Asia to vent your prejudice. Asshole.

  22. Poor Laika by Jamlad · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The goodest of dogs.

  23. A Moose and a Flying Squirrel were first by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I am almost certain I saw Boris and Natashia send them up.

  24. There's the problem... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Many people reportedly saw a fiery trail of Sputnik 2 as it flew over New York and reached the Amazon region"

    They could have paid for Prime, and poor Laika would have been safely home two days later.

  25. Re: Think of all the dogs which die in overheated by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Speaking of assholes, what the hell crawled up yours?

  26. Temperature control failure killed Laika? by najajomo · · Score: 1

    "Within a few hours of launch, temperature controls failed, killing the female dog named Laika"

    No, the dog was electrocuted in orbit as the Soviets had yet to master controlled re-entry and the dog would have fried and/or been killed on impact. Even Gagarin had to bail out at twenty thousand feet and parachute to earth.

  27. Actually the Americans DID have the better Germans by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The VonBraun team had a rocket ready to orbit a payload before Sputnik, but were forbidden to launch it and thus kept it under a tarp.

    The Eisenhower admin had two other priorities: let the Navy/CalTech team try an all-American system first (which famously failed on live TV) and also let the Soviets orbit first so that they would have an object pass above all nations first and be the ones to establish the precedent that there was a top limit to the airspace claims of any nation.

    Eisenhower, the former general, saw little value in manned spaceflight but put great value on the future of spy sats for strategic intel in the nuclear age. Had the US orbited first, he assumed the Russians would go nuts and complain even more loudly than about spy planes, but if the Russians went first they would lose the ability to complain. Von Braun's team had assured him they could already orbit satellites with cameras and he was very worried about the viability of future spy plane flights. The US lagged behind the Soviets in manned flights for years for two reasons: Eisenhower's lack of interest (until the PR blowback of Sputnik which he had failed to anticipate) which caused the US to have made no preps, and the advanced state of US nukes which were smaller and lighter and thus did not require a booster as large as the Soviets (so the US needed a newer bigger rocket to fly men into orbit than they needed for their early nukes whereas the Soviet nuke booster was powerful enough to fly a man).

    After the Sputnik flew and then the Navy/CalTech team failed, the VonBraun team (then under authority of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency at the Redstone Arsenal) was given the green light and that rocket they had in storage before Sputnik launched became the rocket that orbited America's first satellite. Their success got the team transferred from the Army to the civilian NACA which then was re-built as NASA at the direction of the unlikely paring of Republican president Eisenhower and Democrat senator Johnson (who went on to become Kennedy's VP and then President himself).