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New Study Claims That the 'Black Death' Was Spread By Humans, Not Rats (bbc.com)
dryriver shares a report from BBC: Rats were not to blame for the spread of plague during the Black Death, according to a study. The rodents and their fleas were thought to have spread a series of outbreaks in 14th-19th Century Europe. But a team from the universities of Oslo and Ferrara now says the first, the Black Death, can be "largely ascribed to human fleas and body lice." The study, in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, uses records of its pattern and scale. The Black Death claimed an estimated 25 million lives, more than a third of Europe's population, between 1347 and 1351. "We have good mortality data from outbreaks in nine cities in Europe," Prof Nils Stenseth, from the University of Oslo, told BBC News. "So we could construct models of the disease dynamics [there]." He and his colleagues then simulated disease outbreaks in each of these cities, creating three models where the disease was spread by: rats, airborne transmission, and fleas and lice that live on humans and their clothes. In seven out of the nine cities studied, the "human parasite model" was a much better match for the pattern of the outbreak. It mirrored how quickly it spread and how many people it affected. "The conclusion was very clear," said Prof Stenseth. "The lice model fits best. It would be unlikely to spread as fast as it did if it was transmitted by rats. It would have to go through this extra loop of the rats, rather than being spread from person to person." Plague is still endemic in some countries of Asia, Africa and the Americas, where it persists in "reservoirs" of infected rodents. According to the World Health Organization, from 2010 to 2015 there were 3,248 cases reported worldwide, including 584 deaths. And, in 2001, a study that decoded the plague genome used a bacterium that had come from a vet in the U.S. who had died in 1992 after a plague-infested cat sneezed on him as he had been trying to rescue it from underneath a house.
That's what Soros-funded Antifa wants. It's a divide-and-conquer strategy. Create racial "tensions" when they didn't exist.
Hey, let me guess, you believe that Obama created those "racial tensions" when elected, it was totally not a problem beforehand, and it's all his fault, that's why you voted for Trump "I am so not racist" when he started blowing his dog-whistle for you?
And they're being sued [youtube.com] over it.
LOL, is this like all the times people sued Obama over his birth certificate.
I think their point is that it was mainly human hosted parasites, not animal hosted ones. Fleas and lice moving from infected humans to healthy humans in crowded conditions, shared beds, etc. Rather than fleas moving from (infected) humans, down to rats, then rats transmitting to other rats, to fleas, then back somehow to healthy humans.
It is shortening the transmission cycle by 2-3 hosts, which is borne out by the speed at which the disease spread. Besides, humans are not generally happy with co-habbiting with rats, and endeavor to prevent/reduce their presence, as such, the window for human/rat flea transfer is probably minimal at best. Human to Human flea/lice transfer on the other hand, is pretty freaking easy.
I've decided to Diversify my Holdings. I've divided my cash between my left and right pockets, instead of all in one.
Much of the quarantine attempts actually failed in Africa, as many carriers preferred the state of denial versus being outed as sickened.
Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.
Ernest Hemingway
How to stop airlines from moving the infected people out of infected nations.
Make a person from an infected nation get a visa and then apply for full private health insurance in the nation they want to visit.
The visa can be blocked until the health issue in their nation is over.
Private health insurance can be set to reflect the true cost to cover of any treatments before travel.
The infected just don't get to fly out around the world expecting free treatment in other nations.
If the infected person arrives with forged, fake or borrowed documents, make the airline pay in full for all their private sector medical care.
Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"