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Researchers Create Simulation Of a Simple Worm's Neural Network (tuwien.ac.at)

ClockEndGooner writes: Researchers at the Technische Universitat Wein have created a simulation of a simple worm's neural network, and have been able to replicate its natural behavior to completely mimic the worm's natural reflexive behavior. According to the article, using a simple neural network of 300 neurons, the simulation of "the worm can find its way, eat bacteria and react to certain external stimuli. It can, for example, react to a touch on its body. A reflexive response is triggered and the worm squirms away. This behavior is determined by the worm's nerve cells and the strength of the connections between them. When this simple reflex network is recreated on a computer, the simulated worm reacts in exactly the same way to a virtual stimulation -- not because anybody programmed it to do so, but because this kind of behavior is hard-wired in its neural network." Using the same neural network without adding any additional nerve cells, Mathias Lechner, Radu Grosu, and Ramin Hasani were able to have the nematode simulation learn to balance a pole "just by tuning the strength of the synaptic connections. This basic idea (tuning the connections between nerve cells) is also the characteristic feature of any natural learning process."

75 comments

  1. Simple Worm Overlords by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    I, for one, welcome our simple worm AI overlords.

    1. Re:Simple Worm Overlords by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But... all worms go to heaven, right mommy? In... the cloud?

    2. Re:Simple Worm Overlords by Darinbob · · Score: 1

      Never eat an egg salad sandwich from a truck stop's men's room.

  2. Is the code open sourced? by aviators99 · · Score: 2

    I even RTFA and can't tell. This seems a remarkable accomplishment.

    1. Re:Is the code open sourced? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Research like this is expensive, and likely funded by private companies. Not everything is open source, the case can be made for it to be so if it was funded with public dollars.

    2. Re:Is the code open sourced? by tonique · · Score: 2
      Neither can I. The article links to the article at Google Docs and that one links to a Youtube video. Wait, it says they used RoboSchool RoboschoolInvertedPendulum-v1 environment, whatever that is. The quotation for that one is

      [11] J. Schulman, F. Wolski, P. Dhariwal, A. Radford, and O. Klimov. Proximal policy optimization algorithms. CoRR, abs/1707.06347, 2017.

    3. Re: Is the code open sourced? by Mogusha · · Score: 1

      It may be a clone of openworm.org.

    4. Re:Is the code open sourced? by virtualXTC · · Score: 1
      LOL - changing the weights of a publicly available neural net consisting of only 300 nodes (openworm.org) is expensive research? Damn, I really have no hope of getting funding for that nanoCT connectome mapping experiment do I? Guess I just imagened that blue brain project.

      (where are those sarcasm tags again?)

    5. Re:Is the code open sourced? by Hadlock · · Score: 1

      Pretty sure this is the open worm project, they had a github project at one point

      --
      moox. for a new generation.
    6. Re:Is the code open sourced? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      This sounds like a project that is a few years old making a little more progress. It takes multiple servers to simulate the interactions of just over 300 neurons. This worm always has the same number of cells/neurons (forget the name for it). They simulate the connections of the neurons, but not what the neurons do because no one is exactly sure what they do.

      It sounds like they implemented something for the half they skipped before and got something reasonable for output. Others are posting that neural nets rewire themselves in nature, I don't think its true with this worm.

      The original project is opensource, not sure if this new advancement is. Someone made a Lego Mindstorm project based on this work that flails around a bit in a random manner.

    7. Re: Is the code open sourced? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Source, or it didn't happen.

    8. Re:Is the code open sourced? by mikael · · Score: 1

      Neurons integrate the sum of all inputs. Some increase the chance of the neuron firing. Others reduce that probability. Neurons even remember the synapse connections they made with other neurons. We can figure out what visual neurons do, by working out the pattern that generates the maximum output.

      Most critters have a CPG (central pattern generator) that generates the overall pattern for muscle movement in order to achieve some basic goal like move forwards, backwards, turn left or right. Waves of motion move through muscles for snakes, snails and centipedes. Then the lower level neurons decide which muscle strands to contract based on the state of adjacent muscles, tiredness and friction.

      --
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    9. Re:Is the code open sourced? by Darinbob · · Score: 1

      If it's from academia, generally it's not closed source, but is also not explicitly released as open source either, probably just an ongoing work in progress.

  3. #NotAllWorms by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    they took the neural net (without the weights & biases) of a worm, but modified/trained all its parameters. it's not really related to a worm at this point. I guess all this shows is that you don't need a lot of neurons to build useful systems.

    1. Re:#NotAllWorms by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      and as far as I can tell from the article, the summary is wrong - they did not create a simulation of a worm's brain. They only made the neural net "balance a stick"

    2. Re:#NotAllWorms by Plus1Entropy · · Score: 2

      First paragraph yo.

      C. elegans is the only living being whose neural system has been analysed completely. It can be drawn as a circuit diagram or reproduced by computer software, so that the neural activity of the worm is simulated by a computer program.

      They took the simulation of the worm's brain and trained it to balance a stick. They didn't build a neural network from the ground up with the sole intent of balancing a stick.

      --
      Only crack the nuts that crack. You don't put the ones that don't crack in the sack.
    3. Re:#NotAllWorms by Anne+Thwacks · · Score: 3, Interesting
      In nature, neural nets are dynamically rewired.

      Think of the net starting with all potential connections. the neurones sum their inputs in a weighted manner.

      Over time, some connections get stronger, and others weaker. Eventually some die out completely.

      Some of you may see this as entirely and completely analagous to how the logic and routing are programmed in FPGAs.

      At night, the whole shebang goes off-line for a bug fix session (Some of you may see this as entirely and completely analagous to how FPGAs are put in programming mode for the logic and routing to be programmed).

      Some of you may think that either:

      • A lot of these "neural net" research projects are a scam, or
      • A lot of these "neural net" research projects are a serious waste of time, or
      • The people involved in these projects might be better off reading up on FPGAs before they set out to prove the blindingly obvious, rather badly.

      Yes, I have been saying this since Xilinx released their first chip.

      Yes, it would appear that an FPGA is more intelligent than 90% of politicians. Appearances can be deceptive. Its probably more like 99%

      --
      Sent from my ASR33 using ASCII
    4. Re:#NotAllWorms by Cyberax · · Score: 5, Informative

      Yes, but for this particular worm it isn't. C.Elegans has fixed wiring that has been mapped completely.

    5. Re:#NotAllWorms by Freischutz · · Score: 2

      First paragraph yo.

      C. elegans is the only living being whose neural system has been analysed completely. It can be drawn as a circuit diagram or reproduced by computer software, so that the neural activity of the worm is simulated by a computer program.

      They took the simulation of the worm's brain and trained it to balance a stick. They didn't build a neural network from the ground up with the sole intent of balancing a stick.

      Yup, in fact the FA says:

      This behaviour can be perfectly explained: it is determined by the worm’s nerve cells and the strength of the connections between them. When this simple reflex-network is recreated on a computer, then the simulated worm reacts in exactly the same way to a virtual stimulation – not because anybody programmed it to do so, but because this kind of behaviour is hard-wired in its neural network.

      While narrow-AI that can totally trash any human at chess or something but sucks at everything else is interesting for limited applications it is neural networks that is the future of AI. It will be a long time before it is possible to design a set of algorithms that can outperform the result of 4,2 billion years of evolution. If you can simulate the neural network/brain of an insect or something of that level of sophistication, complete with its ocular and audio sensors you have the basics for the AI to run a self driving car better than anything we have today. We currently solve the problem of a self driving car with computers that are huge and use a monstrous amount of energy compared to what nature came up with. Nature packed the solution to a similar problem into a portion of the brain of an ant that lives on the amount of energy contained in the minuscule amount of protein it consumes daily. So, if you are an AI researcher, and if you find yourself proudly looking at the server running your self driving car software, take a look at an ant and realise that you have a looooooong way to go.

    6. Re:#NotAllWorms by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      First paragraph yo.

      C. elegans is the only living being whose neural system has been analysed completely. It can be drawn as a circuit diagram or reproduced by computer software, so that the neural activity of the worm is simulated by a computer program.

      They took the simulation of the worm's brain and trained it to balance a stick. They didn't build a neural network from the ground up with the sole intent of balancing a stick.

      They took 300 neurons and trained it to balance a stick. Honestly this is not impressive:

      "Using the same neural network without adding any additional nerve cells, Mathias Lechner, Radu Grosu, and Ramin Hasani were able to have the nematode simulation learn to balance a pole "just by tuning the strength of the synaptic connections. "

      "just by tuning the strength of the synaptic connections" is how we've been training neural nets for decades. What is noteworthy about what this new research did? They aren't using fewer neurons, they haven't produced anything more than current ML capabilities which are nothing more than sophisticated pattern-matching, and they aren't doing anything different than what everyone else is doing with NN.

    7. Re:#NotAllWorms by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Seeing as we don't really understand how all that works this shit is hilarious. We can observe correlations between things but simulating even a single neuron is well out of our ability as we don't know how they work. We may observe the mechanisms but nobody has the first clue what's really going on.

      ftfy: Yeah, i drew a picture of a working worm brain, check me out!

    8. Re:#NotAllWorms by religionofpeas · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I can't wait to see your trained ant drive a car.

    9. Re:#NotAllWorms by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm thinking the genius that puts the ravenous hunger of an insect into a self driving car needs a-killing.

    10. Re:#NotAllWorms by RhettLivingston · · Score: 1

      As this is not a generalized neural net simulation but a specific one whose connections both between neurons and from neurons to sensors and actuators mirror the real world one, it is likely that they had to achieve weights and biases very close to those in the real world to get it to work. The exact same neurons would have to be actuating things in response to the same neurons sensing things as in the real world.

      I see this as a validation that there are few remaining surprises in how these neurons work.

      That said, I hope that their next step is to simulate the real-world learning process too and demonstrate it by starting the simulation at the single cell level and adding cells and connections in the same pattern as a real worm while mirroring its functionality throughout the process without any manual adjustments to the weights and biases during the process.

    11. Re:#NotAllWorms by Darinbob · · Score: 1

      Once you get a long stick to reach the pedals, the rest is easy!

    12. Re:#NotAllWorms by mikael · · Score: 1

      We can train honey bees to play a version of bug football simply by showing them videos of watching other bees push a ball into a hole and getting a sugary reward. It was thought they just used optic flow to navigate, but that proved they could understand the location and orientation of other bees. They get by with maybe 1 million to 3 million neurons.

      --
      Vintage computer adverts: http://www.vintageadbrowser.com/computers-and-software-ads
    13. Re:#NotAllWorms by aberglas · · Score: 1

      What they did not do is solve the real problem of understanding how C. Elegan's nervous system actually works. The connectome has been known for a long time. And building some sort of net with connectome is not interesting.

      Any article which does not distinguish between Artificial neural networks and real neurons is bullshit. The latter are much more complex individually.

  4. Simple Woman's by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    At first glace, while distracted, the title looked like it said "Researchers Create Simulation Of a Simple Woman's Neural Network".

    1. Re:Simple Woman's by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, to me too. I thought man, must have been a tough one to interconnect 3 neurons.

  5. I hate to be THAT one but ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    ... it was the lovely folks at the Technische Universität Wien. Though I am quite sure they would welcome a glass of Wein (wine) every once in a while too.

    1. Re:I hate to be THAT one but ... by Mister+Liberty · · Score: 3, Funny

      They were probably thinking "Wein, Worms and Gesang."

    2. Re:I hate to be THAT one but ... by anon+mouse-cow-aard · · Score: 3, Informative

      clarification: in German, Wein is wine, Wien is Vienna... I suppose there could be Viennese wine, would would be wiener wein, but that sounds gross in English.

  6. 300 neurons you say? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So we're well on our way to simulating better congresscritters?

    1. Re:300 neurons you say? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      with 300 neurons, we could simulate at least one hundred and fifty of 'em.

  7. Grandroids by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    They should get together with the Grandroids guy, I imagine he'd have a lot to share, and vice versa.

  8. Worming a pitch in by fyngyrz · · Score: 1

    (where are those sarcasm tags again?)

    On Soylent News. Along with <strike> , <spoiler> , <sub> , <sup> , <abbr> , and some other really useful things that actually work. Also much more careful editing of TFS's, 10 mod points per day for everyone without forcing you to be anonymous if you want to comment, zero ads, and various useful amenities like handling characters beyond ASCII. The code's open, and you can contribute, too.

    It works just like Slashdot, except, you know, it actually works.

    --
    I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
    1. Re: Worming a pitch in by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How does Soylent make money?

    2. Re:Worming a pitch in by qbast · · Score: 1

      Zero ads is cool, nearly zero users is not.

    3. Re: Worming a pitch in by fyngyrz · · Score: 1

      You can subscribe if you want them to have some of your money.

      They do that instead of sucking your personal information away to advertisers.

      Much preferred, IMHO.

      --
      I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
    4. Re:Worming a pitch in by fyngyrz · · Score: 1

      Every site like this has to start somewhere. I find it worth my time to support a good (or at least, better) model.

      --
      I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
  9. C. elegans neuron map by Guppy · · Score: 4, Informative

    It just so happens that C. elegans is one of the few multicellular organisms for which all cell fates during development are mostly deterministic and completely known.

    The actual worm itself has exactly 302 neurons, and their connections have been mapped.

    http://www.wormatlas.org/herma...

    1. Re:C. elegans neuron map by Kuruk · · Score: 1

      Why isn't the worm breeding ?

  10. Where's Wein? by MS · · Score: 1

    Wein?!? like wine? Are you drunk?

  11. Conscious being by ickleberry · · Score: 1

    Can we say for definite that this worm isn't a conscious being based on this research?

    1. Re:Conscious being by religionofpeas · · Score: 2

      First you have to define exactly what you mean by "conscious being", and then we can answer the question.

    2. Re:Conscious being by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Self-awareness in polynomial-state creatures requires at least 3215 neurons.

  12. No programmer? by Viol8 · · Score: 1

    FTA:
    "But no human being has written even one line of code for this controller"

    Umm, excuse me? Its a simulation running on a computer, of course someone wrote some code - probably quite a lot of it in fact for both the training and the actual running even if these researchers themselves just used some off the shelf library such as tensorflow.

    ANNs are simply code running processing data whatever the high level logical view of them may be. The fact that the data (weights and thresholds) itself is the main driver of end behaviour rather than hard coded program logic doesn't mean its not a computer program.

    Anyway, neurons are simply complex highly interlinked analogue logic gates - given enough time it would be possible to codify any neural network in boolean logic using thousands or millions of if-then statements and jumps.

    1. Re: No programmer? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      When you do computer learning, one person makes the learning interface (programmer) and another person (admin, not programming) does the training data.
      The programmer just might have been the person to write a Matlab function or something, and then the learning program itself is like one or two lines.
      You can learn this stuff for free on Coursera (Machine Learning)

    2. Re:No programmer? by scamper_22 · · Score: 1

      "Anyway, neurons are simply complex highly interlinked analogue logic gates - given enough time it would be possible to codify any neural network in boolean logic using thousands or millions of if-then statements and jumps."

      While true, the accomplishment is in actually doing it. Saying such as such as theoretically possible is nice and all, but actually doing it is where it is at.

      Now that they've done the worm and seen it is successful, hopefully the work continues to more and more complex organisms. They'll face bigger challenges of scale and complexity and work through those.

      Theory is great. Working out all the details to a working product accomplishment.

  13. This has already been done by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    C. Elegans has been neurally simulation mapped for quite some time, and some engineers have already tied the neurons to actual physical sensors and motors to create a robot. I would really like to know how this simulation differs from the prior full neuron simulations.

  14. More iles by 110010001000 · · Score: 2

    Computer Neural networks work nothing like the human brain. Even calling these programs "neural networks" is misleading. Saying you have created a "simple worms neural network" is a complete lie. It implies that they have replicated worm level brains in the computer. They havent'.

    1. Re:More iles by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Here comes binary boy like flies to a shit.

      AI can never exist, Elon Musk is a conman, Cryptocurrencies are a scam. Yeah, yeah.

      We know your opinions already. NOW FUCK OFF.

    2. Re:More iles by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      C. elegans, a tiny worm about a millimeter long, doesn’t have much of a brain, but it has a nervous system — one that comprises 302 nerve cells, or neurons, to be exact. In the 1970s, a team of researchers at Cambridge University decided to create a complete “wiring diagram” of how each of those neurons are connected to one another. Such wiring diagrams have recently been christened “connectomes,” drawing on their similarity to the genome, the total DNA sequence of an organism. The C. elegans connectome, reported in 1986, took more than a dozen years of tedious labor to find.

      Obviously much progress has been made since 1986. Your reflexive response to any AI article is quite amusing. It's like you have some dogmatic aversion to the idea that turns off your ability to reason.

    3. Re:More iles by aberglas · · Score: 1

      The article does sound like bullshit.

      Being able to understand how C. Elegans really works has been a goal for a long time. We have had the connectome for ages. But these people have just built some Artificial neural net that is vaguely related to C. Elegans. Uninteresting.

  15. Sure... by nospam007 · · Score: 1

    But is it small enough to use for fishing?

  16. They simulated Trump's neural network? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    That's very cool!

  17. Next...Progressives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    They have only about 400 neurons.

    Touch them and they will reflexively shout, "Racist!" and then try to tax you.

  18. Strip out 200 neurons by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    and elect the result.

  19. What the title says with Dyslexia... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "Researchers Create Simulation Of a Simple Woman's Neural Network." And I was thinking... Holy shit, why?

  20. 302 neurons by tonique · · Score: 1

    302 neurons should be enough for everybody.

  21. Don't be mislead. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This is not AI. We don't have AI and we never will.

    Even if you full simulate every neuron in a human brain, it won't be AI. Just engineering.

    1. Re:Don't be mislead. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Fuck off Putin

  22. Slashdot Editor's Neural Network? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How many neurons to simulate a Slashdot editor? The article did not claim that the simulation of the worm could "find its way, eat bacteria and react to certain external stimuli". Only the actual worms do that.

  23. everything so wrong by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's not a neural network. It's a simulation of a neural circuit.

    It's not the whole worm's nervous system, it is just one small component of the nervous system: "We model the tap-withdrawal (TW) neural circuit..."

    This is a small paper about modeling nerves. It has nothing to do with neural nets, nothing to do with AI, and nothing even to do with computers, any more than modelling global warming or engineering roof snow loads has to do with computers, other than the fact that the computations are done with a computer.

  24. This Has All Happened Before by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Hasn't this already been done? What about the OpenWorm Project?

  25. Brains in jars! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This is it. Fuck Musk and AI and Bitcoin. This is real future news.

  26. Lego Mindstorms by orgelspieler · · Score: 1

    They did this with roundworms already, and put it on a Lego robot.

  27. then discover it is smarter by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    than your average Trump supporter!

  28. next up by cas2000 · · Score: 1

    Lobsters are the next step.