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Robots Are Trying To Pick Strawberries. So Far, They're Not Very Good At It (npr.org)

Robots have taken over many of America's factories. They can explore the depths of the ocean, and other planets. They can play ping-pong. But can they pick a strawberry? From a report: "You kind of learn, when you get into this -- it's really hard to match what humans can do," says Bob Pitzer, an expert on robots and co-founder of a company called Harvest CROO Robotics. (CROO is an acronym. It stands for Computerized Robotic Optimized Obtainer.) Any 4-year old can pick a strawberry, but machines, for all their artificial intelligence, can't seem to figure it out. Pitzer says the hardest thing for them is just finding the fruit. The berries hide behind leaves in unpredictable places. "You know, I used to work in the semiconductor industry. I was a development engineer for Intel, and it was a lot easier to make semiconductor chips," he says with a laugh.

131 comments

  1. Fine by me... by bobbied · · Score: 1, Funny

    I hate strawberries..

    --
    "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
    1. Re:Fine by me... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sir Wallace Gight asked him.

    2. Re:Fine by me... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There is only ONE man who would dare give me the raspberry.
       
      #MAGA

    3. Re:Fine by me... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I hate strawberries..

      Plus, strawberry picking is not what we need.
      We need to create robots that can do pollination.

    4. Re:Fine by me... by bobbied · · Score: 1

      Lonestar!

      --
      "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
    5. Re:Fine by me... by losfromla · · Score: 1

      Luckily, the mice already created them for us. We call them bees...

      --
      Only I can judge you.
    6. Re:Fine by me... by vtcodger · · Score: 1

      They don't much like you either

      --
      You can't see ANYTHING from a car, You've got to get out of the goddamned contraption and walk...Edward Abbey
  2. Click-Bait headline by apoc.famine · · Score: 5, Informative

    Go half-way down the article, and you'll find this nugget:

    Also, he admits, the machine is slower than human hands. On the other hand, it has some advantages. It can work right through the night, when berries are cooler and less fragile.

    Another two years, he says, and this machine will be in the fields working for real. "There's quirks to work out, but it's getting there. We're close," he says.

    While the headline makes it seem like the robot picker is far from reality, the people working on it don't think so. And it's not just a minor project:

    Strawberry companies representing two-thirds of the industry are putting millions of dollars into this project.

    The robots are indeed coming for our jobs. Because if they can pick strawberries, what can't they pick?*

    *Their nose.

    --
    Velociraptor = Distiraptor / Timeraptor
    1. Re:Click-Bait headline by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Plus they don't sample the goods while they work.

    2. Re:Click-Bait headline by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not quite coming for our jobs. IIRC Most strawberries are picked by illegal immigrants.

    3. Re:Click-Bait headline by bobbied · · Score: 2

      Not quite coming for our jobs. IIRC Most strawberries are picked by illegal immigrants.

      How dare you assume my documentation status!

      --
      "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
    4. Re:Click-Bait headline by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So here's the deal: Either your documentation status is good, or it isn't. If it good, I have made no error. And if it's not good, I care not about your opinion. It's win-win.

    5. Re: Click-Bait headline by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A milestone of picking one per plant is obvious PR/marketing to keep funding rolling in, anyone who's worked in software development knows the cycle: architect something complex, start coding, client gets antsy because they can't see anything happening and have no way to comprehend the progress made, management issues a decree to shoot for the easiest to obtain visible milestone from the existing codebase, dev team regears for a month or so, client asks for specific changes, dev team chases the rabbit down a 6 month hole for 2 months of client satisfaction, budget runs out, need to find someone else to market the sunk costs to, repeat until completed. They'll likely have it in a few years and will be despised by many more clients in parallel while they have no choice but to use the product or lose market share to their competitors who do.

    6. Re:Click-Bait headline by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Not quite coming for our jobs. IIRC Most strawberries are picked by illegal immigrants.

      Nope. Most strawberries are picked by people who are legally here as H-2A workers.
      H-2A workers are like H-1B workers, except that in a reverse twist, the H-2A workers are better at their job than any American.

    7. Re:Click-Bait headline by dj245 · · Score: 1

      Go half-way down the article, and you'll find this nugget:

      Also, he admits, the machine is slower than human hands. On the other hand, it has some advantages. It can work right through the night, when berries are cooler and less fragile.

      Another two years, he says, and this machine will be in the fields working for real. "There's quirks to work out, but it's getting there. We're close," he says.

      While the headline makes it seem like the robot picker is far from reality, the people working on it don't think so. And it's not just a minor project:

      I have been hearing that fruit-picking robots are "nearly there" for years now. I'm sure it will happen someday but any statement that someone is "close" should be taken with a salty grain.

      --
      Even those who arrange and design shrubberies are under considerable economic stress at this period in history.
    8. Re:Click-Bait headline by MorePower · · Score: 1

      Because if they can pick strawberries, what can't they pick?* *Their nose.

      Ha you think nose picking is safe? You're not looking at the big picture. Robots aren't constrained by the size and shape of human noses, they can be designed with whatever kind of nose is convenient.

      In the future, robots will have large noses with perfectly rectangular nostrils that match there robo-fingers exactly. And then robots WILL replace toddlers completely.

    9. Re: Click-Bait headline by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Um, no, no one is taking your angry racist âdealâ(TM)

      So hereâ(TM)s the facts: All humans have rights, including rights to opinions, in addition to basic rights. And so Iâ(TM)ll exercise my rights: Assuming youâ(TM)re a âmerikan, your âkindâ(TM) have screwed yourselves. This will be proven sooner or later.

    10. Re:Click-Bait headline by apoc.famine · · Score: 1

      Since I'm too lazy to re-post a prior comment of mine, I'll just give you a link to it: https://slashdot.org/comments....

      --
      Velociraptor = Distiraptor / Timeraptor
    11. Re: Click-Bait headline by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

      Immigration status is not race.

      You haven't figured out how to post in a readable fashion on slashdot.

      --
      Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
  3. Easier? by TechyImmigrant · · Score: 2

    >and it was a lot easier to make semiconductor chips

    If you have 6 biliion dollars to spend on equipment

    --
    I should use this sig to advertise my book ISBN-13 : 978-1501515132.
    1. Re:Easier? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think it's that it's easier manage processes when you aren't the beginning of the supply chain. When you can have all of your materials pre-packaged and sourced, it just easier. Everything is generally uniform and you can build your processes around that. But when dealing with nature, you've got deal with all the randomness and non-conformity that goes along with that.

    2. Re:Easier? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >and it was a lot easier to make semiconductor chips

      If you have 6 biliion dollars to spend on equipment

      the chips aren't hiding behind leaves, we know exactly where they are at all times

      there are no issues with mud and insects in a fab facility

      it took humans many millions of years to figure out how to pick fruit

    3. Re:Easier? by skids · · Score: 1

      The reasonable way to do this would be to have humans control robots at first, from nice air-conditioned, possibly even remote, venues, and have the machines just record how the humans move their parts and build up a data source to train AI from. Then you'd have a much better training set, and be technologically prepared to have a small workforce of trained machine operators jump into tasks and take over on the diminishingly rare occasion that a machine is presented with a situation it is unfamiliar with. Then everyone is happy. We get our work done, and people trained to operate machines get some income from being on retainer to handle quirky situations.

      But the overly technophilic tend towards a purism that prevents them from seeing this.

    4. Re:Easier? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Randomness and nonconformity is not the issue at the front of the supply chain. The primary issue is when the plant must persist after harvest and/or the harvest being susceptible to bruising. Remove either of those factors and it's quite easy to harvest the produce by machine.

    5. Re:Easier? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, it did not take humans many millions of years. All primates can pick fruit. A lot of mammals and marsupials that have opposable thumbs or even just flexible enough claws can pick fruit (raccoons, opossums, wombats, etc.). It is absolutely reasonable based on this and and the anthropological data to theorize that the common ancestor of modern humans, primates, and marsupials could pick fruit. Consequently it is likely that it took humans no time at all to learn to pick fruit, as the progenitor genus to homo was likely already a fruit picker, and the skill was handed down via the DNA that produces fine-motor coordination.

    6. Re:Easier? by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      tl;dr version: picking fruit is not hard; monkeys can do it.

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    7. Re:Easier? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think it would be awesome if raccoons were trained to work as fruit pickers.

    8. Re:Easier? by Areyoukiddingme · · Score: 1

      I think it would be awesome if raccoons were trained to work as fruit pickers.

      First, they came for the fruit picker jobs....

      Next think you knew, the furry little bandits were operating the fry machine at McDonalds.

  4. Picking fruits ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    They should create more A.I. jobs for improving the Artificial Intelligence and consequently better robots.

  5. Any 4 year old? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'm pretty sure Donald Trump couldn't.

    1. Re: Any 4 year old? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Nonesense. Those tiny infant hands are the perfect size for carefully picking these deliciously delicate fruit

    2. Re: Any 4 year old? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Boy do you have your republicans crossed...That's Rubio with the small hands..

    3. Re: Any 4 year old? by Knuckles · · Score: 1

      Boy do you have your republicans crossed...That's Rubio with the small hands..

      Which rock are you living under that you missed the Trump small hands meme? Google it

      --
      "When I first heard Daydream Nation it quite frankly scared the living shit out of me." -- Matthew Stearns
    4. Re: Any 4 year old? by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      You know what they say about men with small hands, don't you?

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  6. Not my jobs by rsilvergun · · Score: 2, Insightful

    well, not these robots (these ones are coming for Migrant farm workers jobs). There's been a huge push in the US to kick the migrant farm workers out, mostly it's racially motivated. Nobody in America really wants to pick strawberries for a living. Aside from it being awful work with low pay it's seasonal, meaning you can't have a stable family even if the pay was OK.

    To be fair there's a lot of blue collar jobs (drywall, home repair, construction) that are also being done by illegal immigrants. As a tech worker who's seen his job prospects cut down by the H1-B program it's hard not to sympathize with a plumber seeing less work because anything bigger than a drain pipe is being done by contract firms that employee illegal labor.

    --
    Hi! I make Firefox Plug-ins. Check 'em out @ https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/youtube-mp3-podcaster/
    1. Re:Not my jobs by magzteel · · Score: 1

      Nobody in America really wants to pick strawberries for a living. Aside from it being awful work with low pay it's seasonal, meaning you can't have a stable family even if the pay was OK.

      I think there is always some crop ready to go.
      As far as the low pay, well, that's because it's easy to find slave labor. It's not "racially motivated" to be against slavery.

      Sure, some business owners will say "But how can I be profitable without slaves?". Imagine how much more profitable they could be if they could grow opium or cocaine instead of food crops.

    2. Re:Not my jobs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      mostly it's racially motivated

      Citation? Because the most vocal people I know who want to get rid of illegal immigrants are a couple I'm friends with who legally migrated from Mexico. Or are you saying that Mexicans being against illegal immigrants from Mexico is racially motivated?

      They just want these people to follow the laws, the same as they did.

    3. Re:Not my jobs by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      It's not "racially motivated" to be against slavery.

      Immigrant labor is not "slavery", and their jobs are superior to what they would be paid in Mexico, or otherwise they wouldn't come here.

      The worst racists are those that justify it by saying it is "for their own good".

    4. Re:Not my jobs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Can we please stop with the 'nobody in America' bullshit? You always leave off the most imporant part - 'for the money being offered'. Who in their right mind would want to be bent over in a field all day picking berries when they can get $15/hr for 'Uh, you want fries with dat'? Hard work, such as picking berries and blue collar jobs SHOULD be paying more than so-called 'minimum wage' jobs, but they aren't. Why aren't they? Because their are people who can't get legal jobs and so they will do anything for little money. Who are those people? Illegals (sorry, undocumented workers).

      Of course, if all the illegals were suddenly gone (or were made legal and could get real jobs) then they would have to start paying way more for berry pickers, and prices would skyrocket. And thus we would see the folly of paying $15/hr for a do-nothing job at McD's. So the left is perfectly happy with a class of people who can't get legal jobs and thus work for cheap, making sure we don't see how harmful their policies actually are. They'll even happily create 'sanctuary cities' to protect this system. And naturally, anyone that opposes this is a 'racist'.

    5. Re:Not my jobs by Obfuscant · · Score: 2

      The worst racists are those that justify it by saying it is "for their own good".

      Even worse are the racists who justify pittance wages and poor working conditions because the "jobs are superior" to what they'd get in their own country.

    6. Re:Not my jobs by magzteel · · Score: 1

      It's not "racially motivated" to be against slavery.

      Immigrant labor is not "slavery", and their jobs are superior to what they would be paid in Mexico, or otherwise they wouldn't come here.

      The worst racists are those that justify it by saying it is "for their own good".

      The worst racists justify exploitation by saying things like "it's worse where they are coming from".
      Do you feel good when you cover your eyes and rationalize like that?

      https://www.huffingtonpost.com...
      http://www.floc.com/wordpress/...

    7. Re:Not my jobs by losfromla · · Score: 1

      I didn't so I am ok with them not following the laws either. I say we do another few rounds of amnesty. The european immigrants got them and we stole the land from the natives (which Mexicans technically are) so lets do more amnesty, just to make things kind of even.

      --
      Only I can judge you.
    8. Re:Not my jobs by losfromla · · Score: 1

      Interestingly, the people in the wide open areas of CA (the strawberry areas in other words) are largely enthusiastically right-wing and they are the ones most interested in protecting the ability to bring in low-pay workers from other countries. I bet all the folks in the middle of the country (red mostly) would not appreciate paying for berries that cost $30/hr to pick. Those strawberries would probably double in price.

      Don't blame the left, it is mostly the right that gets the direct benefit of the cheap labor.

      --
      Only I can judge you.
    9. Re:Not my jobs by OrangeTide · · Score: 1

      It's probably racist to support illegal immigration in any form. What that means is support of a de facto form of second class citizenship by tolerating businesses employing undocumented workers and frequently taking unfair advantage of them. Anything we outright ban turns into a black market. Regulation is the key to having a system that isn't totally off the rails.

      Legal immigration, perhaps with reforms to streamline the process of non-resident aliens. Or completely open borders are many of the libertarians would like. (I'm in that camp. In addition as a US citizen I do not feel that I should have to register for a REAL ID in order to travel in my own country)

      --
      “Common sense is not so common.” — Voltaire
    10. Re:Not my jobs by jeff4747 · · Score: 1

      I think there is always some crop ready to go.

      Not in the same place.

      Broadly speaking, the demand for labor starts in Mexico and makes it's way North through the US and into Canada. Then it jumps back South again for secondary harvests, heading not as far North. Then there's nothing to pick for about 3 months while late winter and early spring pass.

      There are not many US people who would take a job that requires them to move through three countries every year, for very low pay. The closest we have is the companies that operate the combine harvesters throughout the midwest. They follow a similar pattern traveling through the country during the year, but pay the operators much more money....because when the worker is not under threat of being imprisoned for years, which causes their family to starve, they're not willing to accept the low wages.

      It turns out it's not easy to find slave labor. It costs a hell of a lot of money to do so, but that cost is externalized to all of us taxpayers.

    11. Re:Not my jobs by magzteel · · Score: 1

      I think there is always some crop ready to go.

      Not in the same place.

      Broadly speaking, the demand for labor starts in Mexico and makes it's way North through the US and into Canada. Then it jumps back South again for secondary harvests, heading not as far North. Then there's nothing to pick for about 3 months while late winter and early spring pass.

      There are not many US people who would take a job that requires them to move through three countries every year, for very low pay.

      I defer to your knowledge on this but I point out you ended that comment with "for very low pay". People do a lot of things when the pay is better. I am related to people who do seasonal jobs and travel to where the work is, but these jobs pay well.

    12. Re:Not my jobs by Gavagai80 · · Score: 1

      I think there is always some crop ready to go.

      No, not nearly enough, which is why most farm workers are on seasonal permits and go home to Mexico the rest of the year.

      --
      This space intentionally left blank
    13. Re:Not my jobs by Gavagai80 · · Score: 1

      The left wants to bring in cheap labor from other countries and let them integrate. The people in power on the right want to bring in cheap labor from other countries from other countries and employ every power of government to keep them from gaining any rights that might make them more expensive or uppity, and keep their children and their children's children in a legal gray area for maximum exploitation. The voters on the right don't want to allow cheap labor in, and stupidly think that letting the cheap labor be abused brings them closer to that goal, when in reality it's used to pressure the native workforce down closer to those conditions.

      --
      This space intentionally left blank
    14. Re:Not my jobs by losfromla · · Score: 1

      Yes. The right either lacks critical thinking skills or has been thoroughly and completely brainwashed. They fervently believe that we've always been at war with Eastasia.

      --
      Only I can judge you.
    15. Re:Not my jobs by lgw · · Score: 1

      The european immigrants got them and we stole the land from the natives (which Mexicans technically are) so lets do more amnesty, just to make things kind of even.

      The "Natives" stole it from the previous inhabitants through conquest, and those tribes stole it from earlier inhabitants, all the way back to when the land bridge was first crossed - only those guys didn't "steal" the land.

      "Mexicans" are (mostly) the descendants of Spanish conquerors and the local tribes at the time.

      It's turtles all the way down. Reparations are no answer.

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    16. Re:Not my jobs by dryeo · · Score: 1

      Here on the west coast of Canada, they fly the labourers up from Central America, house them, pay them $15+ an hour and fly them back home at the end of the season. Season is about 4 months, strawberries, raspberries and blueberries mostly.

      --
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism
    17. Re:Not my jobs by dryeo · · Score: 1

      Some areas such as where I live, the same natives have apparently been here since the ice retreated, no stealing of the land as it was empty.

      --
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism
    18. Re:Not my jobs by rahvin112 · · Score: 1

      There has been no push to kick Migrant Farm workers out, it's a legitimate visa and they have a huge quota that can't come close to being filled. That wasn't always true. The problem is that because of NAFTA it's actually better wages for those Migrant Farm workers to stay in Mexico doing the same work for the same wage where the cost of living is 1/10th what is here. Then the produce is exported north.

      That's the problem California vegetable and fruit farmers face, no workforce to pick the crops because those workers would rather stay in Mexico. This is the opposite of what you suggest.

    19. Re: Not my jobs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Maybe if they paid real wages instead of relying on slavery tier under the table migrant work people would do it

    20. Re:Not my jobs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Black slavery in the 1700s/1800s was totally cool then right? I mean, we took them from abysmal conditions somewhere else, and put them in slightly less abysmal conditions here. That's an improvement. They should have thanked us.

      These immigrants are coming here for jobs that won't even be available in ten years time. Letting them walk in with the promise of prosperity then letting them drop into slum living conditions that are only arguably and marginally better than what they came from isn't philanthropy or even humane, it's short sighted emotional masturbation.

    21. Re:Not my jobs by pnutjam · · Score: 1

      Yeah, I think that's the hardest part. Rural communities have emptied out, so you have to bring in workers from outside the community and most American's don't need to and aren't used to migratory work patterns.

    22. Re:Not my jobs by pnutjam · · Score: 1

      Many other countries do fine with higher wages for farm workers. It's like American Healthcare, conservatives want us to believe we're too stupid to get the same results.

    23. Re:Not my jobs by pnutjam · · Score: 1

      And thus we would see the folly of paying $15/hr for a do-nothing job at McD's.

      McD's makes about $18k per worker after wages, strawberry profits are much slimmer.

    24. Re:Not my jobs by superdave80 · · Score: 1

      mostly it's racially motivated.

      Or, we hate the fact that non-citizens don't have to follow the law, while citizens are expected to? Nah, that can't be it...

    25. Re:Not my jobs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The left wants to bring in cheap labor from other countries and let them integrate.

      Suuuuuuuure. "Integrate"

  7. Can't they split the task? by Krishnoid · · Score: 1

    Any 4-year old can pick a strawberry, but machines, for all their artificial intelligence, can't seem to figure it out. Pitzer says the hardest thing for them is just finding the fruit. The berries hide behind leaves in unpredictable places.

    Can't the robot's patented BerryFind(TM, patent pending) technology collect video, then stream it to the desktop, where people can click on leaves to move or berries they see? That way they could assist the robot in berry hunting-seeking in an entirely non-ominous way.

    1. Re:Can't they split the task? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You've just created thousands of jobs!

    2. Re:Can't they split the task? by omnichad · · Score: 2

      Stream it? Just live trace it as cartoon animation and make it a Facebook game. If Farmville is any indication, we'll see free workers freely recruiting more free workers.

    3. Re:Can't they split the task? by losfromla · · Score: 1

      Lol. It would probably work too if done right. Add in some bitcoin remuneration and the ability to pay for robot upgrades and I think you'd have the win!

      --
      Only I can judge you.
  8. They won't be good at everything by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That's just a given, rumors of the robot apocalypse are very likely overblown. Doesn't bode well for autonomous solutions. That's where hype and ignorance will get you, though.

  9. It's a process by HangingChad · · Score: 1

    Just like anything robots do. They may not be great at it the first time but they'll get better.

    --
    That's our life, the big wheel of shit. - The Fat Man, Blue Tango Salvage
  10. Check this guy out.... by Discgolferusa · · Score: 0

    I ask Jose Santos, the crew leader, whether he thinks robots will do this work someday. He smiles. "Hey, it could happen! Put a man on the moon, didn't we?"

    Put people on the moon. Believe that story do ya?

    Yes this was a joke, no I don't think we didn't land on the moon. But dinosaurs..... now THAT's all hollywood fakery!

    Another joke BTW

  11. Neither are most Humans by DarthVain · · Score: 2

    Or at least not this Human.

    Many years ago during the summer between University semesters I was unable to find a conventional job. My parents wanted me to to try anything, so after much cajoling I tried becoming a professional strawberry picker... It didn't turn out so well. Those that do it for real work, are really good at it, and probably a bit crazy as well. At the time in the mid-late nineties minimum wage where I was located was 5.85$ I think. Strawberry picking you were paid by volume. After working for a couple weeks, I figured out one day that I was probably pulling in less than 2$ an hour because I was so slow at it. Not willing to face my parents without seeming to give it at least the old college try, I dutifully drove to the farm each morning, parked my car by the side of the road, and read a book all day, returning at the end of the day. I did this for a couple more weeks, until I could finally go and say I tried but it really wasn't working out. It is really hard, dirty, hot work...

    Best left to the Robots, or at least once they figure it out...

    1. Re:Neither are most Humans by omnichad · · Score: 1

      After working for a couple weeks, I figured out one day that I was probably pulling in less than 2$ an hour because I was so slow at it.

      And if they weren't shady, they'd be legally required to pay you the difference to get you to minimum wage (at least in the US). They could certainly fire you when they realize you aren't worth it, but minimum wage should be all yours.

    2. Re:Neither are most Humans by uncqual · · Score: 1

      There are some exceptions to minimum hourly wage for agricultural workers, for example:

      Additional exemptions from the minimum wage and overtime provisions of the Act for agricultural employees apply to the following:
      [...]
      Local hand harvest laborers who commute daily from their permanent residence, are paid on a piece rate basis in traditionally piece-rated occupations, and were engaged in agriculture less than thirteen weeks during the preceding calendar year [...]

      It seems likely that Discgolferusa fell into one of these exceptions (and, perhaps, he wouldn't have been hired at all to even give it a try without that exception).

      --
      Why is there an "insightful" mod and why isn't it "-1"? If I wanted insight, I wouldn't be reading /.
    3. Re:Neither are most Humans by oldgraybeard · · Score: 1

      " I dutifully drove to the farm each morning, parked my car by the side of the road, and read a book all day"

      So this individual figured he was only making $2 per hour, because he really didn't want to put any effort in to it.And this individuals response was to earn nothing and lie. Probably still living in mommy and daddy's basement!

      Just my 2 cents ;)

    4. Re:Neither are most Humans by dj245 · · Score: 1

      Or at least not this Human.

      Many years ago during the summer between University semesters I was unable to find a conventional job. My parents wanted me to to try anything, so after much cajoling I tried becoming a professional strawberry picker... It didn't turn out so well. Those that do it for real work, are really good at it, and probably a bit crazy as well. At the time in the mid-late nineties minimum wage where I was located was 5.85$ I think. Strawberry picking you were paid by volume. After working for a couple weeks, I figured out one day that I was probably pulling in less than 2$ an hour because I was so slow at it. Not willing to face my parents without seeming to give it at least the old college try, I dutifully drove to the farm each morning, parked my car by the side of the road, and read a book all day, returning at the end of the day. I did this for a couple more weeks, until I could finally go and say I tried but it really wasn't working out. It is really hard, dirty, hot work...

      Best left to the Robots, or at least once they figure it out...

      I had a similar experience picking potatos and blueberries. I did it when I was 12 or so. Both are backbreaking labor that paid by volume/weight. I think I lasted 2 weeks at the potato farm. The tractor dug the potatos up but they had to be put into baskets and then transferred to barrels. I lasted 3 days at the blueberry field. In both places, there were hispanic kids who couldn't have been more than 8 years old who were putting me to shame. They were fast and they never seemed to get tired.

      This was back around 1995 or so. 98% of potato farms were using conveyor machinery even then, which is much faster and less labor intensive. The farm I was at did not. My parents wanted me to have the true hard labor experience.

      --
      Even those who arrange and design shrubberies are under considerable economic stress at this period in history.
    5. Re:Neither are most Humans by evil_aaronm · · Score: 1

      Oh. I was gonna say, "a couple of weeks??" Shoot, I lasted all of one fully day. I've had some shitty jobs - literally, when I cleaned toilets - but picking strawberries was one of the worst.

    6. Re:Neither are most Humans by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

      No, he said he was only earning $2/hr because he was too slow. In other words, he was incompetent at that particular job and he has admitted it. The parking in his car all day was just to fool his parents.

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    7. Re:Neither are most Humans by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

      I've found picking blueberries to not be physically difficult, but it is a rather unproductive activity. Blueberries are small, and in one 6 hour stint at a commercial pick-it-yourself farm I managed only 22 pounds. Perhaps I could improve with practice, but there's a reason blueberries aren't cheap.

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    8. Re:Neither are most Humans by oldgraybeard · · Score: 1

      "fool his parents" = lie to them. Duh!

    9. Re:Neither are most Humans by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Who really knows how much he was making? You could be "earning" a negative value if the job takes a toll on you in any number of ways, through future expenses. Fancy making $2 an hour when the cost to you to earn that $2/hr could be greater than $2/hr?

    10. Re:Neither are most Humans by DarthVain · · Score: 1

      OK "oldgraybeard" with the 7 digit ID...

      I moved 2000km away from home when I was 18, and I've been working in the IT field for almost 20 years now.
      I did plenty of manual labor jobs while at University just fine, however picking strawberries just wasn't one of them (hence the story).

    11. Re:Neither are most Humans by DarthVain · · Score: 1

      Was pretty much the same time, summer of 1995 or 1996 can't remember. While I wasn't so young, neither were the rest. I'd say it was mostly older immigrants. Many sang while they worked which was nice, some talked to themselves it seemed (hence the crazy comment). I think in the end, my parents just didn't want me hanging around the house doing nothing, so in the end that was accomplished more less.

    12. Re:Neither are most Humans by DarthVain · · Score: 1

      Yeah same, I did plenty of hard manual labor jobs, mover, landscaping, groundskeeper, etc... I recall moving laundry and dryer machines down narrow basement staircases by myself as not being so fun, and cutting down vast stretches of invasive hawthorn trees which no amount of leather gloves or clothing could keep out the poisonous thorns as not so fun. I'd do either again in a heartbeat before I'd go strawberry picking for profit again.

  12. Generalist vs specialist by gurps_npc · · Score: 1

    When it comes down to it, machines are very specialized. If we are going to build something, it usually is worth it to min-max it all the way to do one thing as well as possible.

    Worse, computers are really only good at one particular type of thinking, which I like to call 'math pushed to the limit'. We keep figuring out new ways to push math to do more, but when it comes down to it, computer programming lacks the massive non-math based methods that humans use. Compared to computers, humans can do math, but only basic stuff. But compared to humans, computers can't do ANYTHING that they can't first turn into math.

    So far we haven't figured out a way to convert the task of picking strawberries into math, and we have not yet figured out all the many minimum sensation feedback we use to properly pick strawberries (sight and touch) .

     

    --
    excitingthingstodo.blogspot.com
    1. Re:Generalist vs specialist by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >[robots] can't seem to figure it out
      Robots totally CAN do the sight and touch. It's just expensive and slow.

      >[robots] can't seem to figure it out
      There's nothing special about humans being able to fish around in plants. It's a dexterous motion, it's haaaaaard (i.e. $$$) but there's nothing magic and unique going on.

      >[robots] can't seem to figure it out
      They can, and the only thing holding the dam together is optimization.

      >[robots] can't seem to figure it out
      Existing robots (ie mostly purpose-built) aren't well-suited to the task. Yet. Either all the competition waits for a rival (ie sucker) to front the millions to laboriously R&D a bot from the ground up, or a variant of the increasingly adaptive modular-appendage/periph "easy to train!" omnibots (these don't exist, we barely have primitive arms-only factory floor models) is eventually cost-viable. Both are soluble to Time.

      The headline might as well say "do-anything bots aren't here yet guys" well no fucking shit fusion ain't here either

      I'd hesitate to call it a procedural issue. Whatever "steps" our approach uses, theirs can. Though the previous sentence applies to mental steps, not physical, re: our dexterous bodies. Even if there's something oh-so-magic about the gestures involved that can't be penned, it's just an invitation for AI (or whatever label you call it) to describe the gesture in a way that DOES translate.

    2. Re:Generalist vs specialist by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

      What makes you think that human actions are not determined by math?

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  13. But can it run over farmworkers? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    UBER strawberry picker!

  14. Not a racial issue at all, issue of fairness by SuperKendall · · Score: 2, Insightful

    There's been a huge push in the US to kick the migrant farm workers out, mostly it's racially motivated.

    Wrong, as even you admit at the end of your post.

    But even for labor that supposedly "no American will do" (which I find questionable since no-one has asked the huge homeless population of California if they'd be willing to try)... Even there, the issue is that if we did want to use really cheap labor from abroad - why can that labor not come in legally?

    Lots of people do not like illegal immigrants not because of race, but because of them being here ILLEGALLY. They have jumped the line as it were over many, many people of the SAME RACE that are trying to get here legally. That's what many people dislike, they are fine with immigrants - but there is a process to go through to become one. Go through that and (almost) everyone will welcome you with open arms.

    In fact many legal immigrants who came from Mexico have the same issue with illegal immigrants, they went to the trouble of coming in properly and see it as unfair someone else just gets to walk in.

    Canada sure doesn't let just anyone in through the U.S.. Why should the U.S. not have as rigorous control over immigration as pretty much any country on Earth?

    --
    "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
    1. Re:Not a racial issue at all, issue of fairness by Bradac_55 · · Score: 1

      "Canada and Mexico sure doesn't let just anyone in through the U.S.. Why should the U.S. not have as rigorous control over immigration as pretty much any country on Earth?"

      Fixed it for you. Do not, I repeat do not get caught in Mexico illegally. I guarantee you the US prison system is a daycare compared to there's.

    2. Re:Not a racial issue at all, issue of fairness by MorePower · · Score: 1

      But even for labor that supposedly "no American will do" (which I find questionable since no-one has asked the huge homeless population of California if they'd be willing to try)

      Do they need an engraved invitation or something? Homeless people are free to go take those jobs if they want them.

      why can that labor not come in legally?

      Because the government won't issue entry visas. Though this is a bad example, since strawberry picking (agriculture) is one of the few things the government does issue a tiny number of visas for. A Mexican trying to enter to do house painting, furniture hauling, or construction labor, for example, cannot legally enter the USA.

    3. Re:Not a racial issue at all, issue of fairness by losfromla · · Score: 1

      Due to your poor grammar and the fact that thousands South Americans are streaming through the porous Mexican borders (as well as traversing the whole country), I am going to completely disregard your guarantee. Just like I would any statement made by the mendacious occupier of the WH.

      --
      Only I can judge you.
    4. Re:Not a racial issue at all, issue of fairness by SuperKendall · · Score: 3, Insightful

      A Mexican trying to enter to do house painting, furniture hauling, or construction labor, for example, cannot legally enter the USA.

      Sure they can - if they apply for a visa.

      If the U.S. issued more temporary work visas people would be supportive. That's the point, people are not against Mexicans, they are against criminals. Entering illegally makes you a criminal, full stop - but again, it makes you a line-jumper which most people find significantly worse.

      --
      "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
    5. Re:Not a racial issue at all, issue of fairness by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 1

      A Mexican trying to enter to do house painting, furniture hauling, or construction labor, for example, cannot legally enter the USA.

      Sure they can - if they apply for a visa.

      And, indeed, work visas are far undersubscribed, for lack of applicants.

      The problem is that some employers are no more interested in visa holding foreign workers than they are in citizens. Both can bring enforcement actions for illegal pay levels, working conditions, and so on. Illegals can't, because if they were to complain they would be bringing attention to themselves and their illegal status. So the employer can work them like serfs and pay them similarly.

      Unfortunately, in strongly competitive markets, if some of the employers use such cheap labor (and the laws are not enforced against them), the remainder have the choice between also breaking the law and going out of business.

      Result: Neither citizens nor visa holders need apply. It's not that they "won't do the jobs". It's that they won't be hired.

      So the solution is to enforce the law.

      --
      Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
    6. Re:Not a racial issue at all, issue of fairness by dryeo · · Score: 1

      Canada sure doesn't let just anyone in through the U.S.. Why should the U.S. not have as rigorous control over immigration as pretty much any country on Earth?

      Canada has had people coming from the U.S. since before there was a US. Started with the right wingers escaping from the Liberal revolution back in about 1775, then there was the black people seeking freedom, the natives escaping genocide, the gold miners seeking their fortune, the young people who didn't want to be forced to go to Vietnam to get killed or kill, people looking for medical help, and now a wave of people escaping Trump. Lots of stories about people walking across the border in 30 below weather, losing their toes and fingers in the process, lately.

      --
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism
    7. Re:Not a racial issue at all, issue of fairness by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "people are not against Mexicans, they are against criminals."

      You keep repeating this. Your opinion applies only to you. I live in the South. If you think this shit isn't racially motivated, then you're a damned idiot or intentionally being deceptive. Knowing who you are on this site, I'm going for the latter option.

    8. Re:Not a racial issue at all, issue of fairness by Bradac_55 · · Score: 0

      No problem douchebag, er I mean losfromla. I could care less what your woke opinion is. I've been to most of those countries. I doubt you've been outside of mama's basement so relevancy counts in this conversation.

    9. Re:Not a racial issue at all, issue of fairness by MorePower · · Score: 1

      Sure they can - if they apply for a visa.

      Ok, tell me what visa category a house painter applies for. I did research on visas when I was getting ready to marry my fiancee from oversees and I did not see any category that would apply to a would-be painter. Assuming they are not diplomatic staff, not marrying anyone here, have no family here, aren't rich or some kind of model/actor/singer/celebrity, and not coming here as a student, the remaing work-allowing visas are H1B (must require at least a bachelor's degree) or agricultural work.

      Did I miss any? That would apply to a house painter?

    10. Re:Not a racial issue at all, issue of fairness by losfromla · · Score: 1

      To be fair, your poor spelling also contributed to my decision to heavily discount you ignorant warning. As a white male you've very likely never experienced USian prison hospitality so your knowledge is lacking in many areas. You also seem to lack the ability to mount a coherent argument so it is very likely that you are another sad right wing useful idiot.

      --
      Only I can judge you.
    11. Re: Not a racial issue at all, issue of fairness by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're an ignorant person, go back to your safe space, moron.

    12. Re:Not a racial issue at all, issue of fairness by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

      As a white male you've very likely never experienced USian prison...

      Racist comment.

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    13. Re:Not a racial issue at all, issue of fairness by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Canada has had people coming from the U.S. since before there was a US.

      Considering Canada Confederated in 1867, that's a pretty interesting interpretation of history.

  15. They DON'T have intelligence by UnknownSoldier · · Score: 3, Insightful

    All they have is algorithms, data, and a glorified table lookup.

    There is no fucking intelligence in these machines.

    If they _actually_ had intelligence they could figure out the process _themselves._

    i.e.
    How Smart Are Crows? | ScienceTake | The New York Times

    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sci...

    1. Re:They DON'T have intelligence by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      All they have is algorithms, data, and a glorified table lookup.

      That also describes biological brains.

    2. Re:They DON'T have intelligence by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      +1. +2. +1000. I would pay people to learn the word "intelligence" and stop applying it to deterministic systems if I thought it would do any good.

  16. Time... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...only time.

  17. Here's the bizarre part by SlaveToTheGrind · · Score: 2

    Not too terribly long ago we were told these were jobs that Americans wouldn't do. Now apparently we're to believe they're jobs nobody will do:

    Strawberry companies representing two-thirds of the industry are putting millions of dollars into this project. Gary Wishnatzki, the owner of Wish Farms, got the whole thing started. The reason, he says, is that it's getting more and more difficult to find enough people to pick his berries.

    "The fact of the matter is, if we don't solve the problem of this labor shortage with automation, the industry's up for a big challenge ahead. The price of fruit's going to be much higher," he says.

    1. Re:Here's the bizarre part by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      The fact of the matter is they want exponential productivity growth and not willing to spend the money to hire more pickers. Picking berries is such a fundamental basic task, there probably is not a whole lot you can do to make a single person more productive after a week or two in the field learning how to quickly identify the berries ready for picking and pick them with minimal damage, it is not a task that can be improved by certain percentages every single year after a certain point without just having more hands in the field. If they can't find anyone to do the job, then they aren't paying enough to do the job.

      You're asking people to do work for min wage or maybe barely above if they are fast pickers and are paid on the amount that they pick, to be in a hot field bent over or crawling on their hands and knees all day, when someone can get a nice air conditioned retail service job for the same pay. You need to pay for the effort involved and the suffering out in the fields if you want qualified workers, or they are just going to go where they can get the same money with nicer working conditions.

    2. Re:Here's the bizarre part by losfromla · · Score: 1

      You should run for office, you are right, too bad you are cowardly and anonymous.

      --
      Only I can judge you.
    3. Re:Here's the bizarre part by jeff4747 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      You have to remember wages in this discussion.

      "American's won't do that job" is what is said. They leave off "for the wage we are willing to pay".

      So they import undocumented workers who will accept lower wages because we've created a massive system to find and deport them after incarcerating them for one or more years. And the alternative in their home country is so shitty that they'll do it.

      It costs us billions per year to make it so those farmers can pay foreigners shitty wages. ICE isn't cheap. And the cheapest way to enforce immigration laws (imprison the farmers paying the undocumented workers) just doesn't happen for some reason. Backing the recent coup in Honduras isn't as expensive as ICE, but it's still money.

      We could require farmers to actually respond to market demand and pay higher wages.....but the invisible hand is not allowed to hurt capital.

    4. Re:Here's the bizarre part by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This. Farm employers continue to misunderstand that they are competing with things like retail that pay much more per unit effort than farm work. The law might talk about minimum wage in terms of hours, but people don't. They think in terms of total effort and total compensation. So they would much rather work retail hours than farm hours for the same pay. Farmers are used to the old days, when working retail wasn't such a common competitor. Hell, I used to work in a gas station in 100+ degree summers, and it was cake compared to farm work. You'd have to pay a large premium to make me want to bend over all the time and ruin my back.

    5. Re:Here's the bizarre part by SlaveToTheGrind · · Score: 1

      You have to remember wages in this discussion.

      I gather from your comment history that I probably just drew the short straw for this particular cut and paste "lesson" of yours, but you might go back and read the language I quoted a bit more carefully. The bit about "the price of fruit's going to be much higher" is, of course, alluding to increased wages..

      But hey, thanks for reminding us of the reality of the demand curve. Well done.

    6. Re:Here's the bizarre part by david_thornley · · Score: 1

      It's been getting more difficult to get illegal immigrants as workers, and anybody else who'd be competent can do much better with an easier job.

      The right wing generally favors business policies that would include near-slave labor (as long as it doesn't apply to them), but is also against illegal immigration. Technology to the rescue.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
  18. better as in no American will do it for $3.12/HR by Joe_Dragon · · Score: 0

    better as in no American will do it for $3.12/HR

  19. Robot revolution by PPH · · Score: 1

    When the robot revolution starts, just dress as a strawberry.

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
  20. Re:better as in no American will do it for $3.12/H by Obfuscant · · Score: 1

    When the minimum wage is well above that, why should anyone do it for that little?

  21. Boy, ain't that the truth? by Obfuscant · · Score: 1

    The berries hide behind leaves in unpredictable places.

    I used to pick strawberries when I was a kid. Those sneaky bastards would hide everywhere. The craftiest ones would sneak over and hide in the raspberry bushes because raspberries weren't being picked yet. Dumb ones would find a pea vine to attach to. It's pretty obvious when a red thing is hanging where a pea pod usually is. I'm pretty sure that strawberries are red-green color blind based on that.

  22. Re:better as in no American will do it for $3.12/H by losfromla · · Score: 1

    better as in no American could do it for $30/hr cause they are too fat and/or haven't got the stamina or drive.

    --
    Only I can judge you.
  23. But he can beat Hillary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So get over it

  24. Robots aren't trying anything. PEOPLE are trying by RightwingNutjob · · Score: 1

    to build a robot to pick strawberries. The people trying aren't having much success.

    How did I know this was a msmash article before looking?

  25. Re:better as in no American will do it for $3.12/H by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Start paying $30/hr and lets find out if that is true.

  26. Are you kidding me? This is clearly solvable by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Look,
            We just need to feed the robot's image sensors through a decent image recognition algorithm, and machine learning will find the freaking strawberries... If we can build an image processor that can identify pictures of cats better than humans, it's just a matter of having enough processing power to pick out the strawberries from the robot sensors... We can also program some Bezo's pitbulls to milk those mother freaking cows too.. so soon (5-50 years), labor can be knocked out of the cost of strawberries and cream... or replaced with robot maintenance costs... And we'll start to ignore strawberries, they'll be food for the poor... I guess...

  27. I thought such robots had been in use for years. by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 1

    I thought such robots had been in use for years.

    Like the one that went on sale in Japan in 2013 , possibly descended from the one in the labs in 2010

    Or the Agrobot Strawberry Harvester in 2012. Their current Series E is advertised as doing all the stuff TFA says is hard and just being developed.

    --
    Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
  28. Mexicans are cheaper than machines by aberglas · · Score: 1

    Agriculture is usually paid piece work in the US so the real pay is often less than $3/hr.

    And if you buy an expensive machine and it breaks, you need expensive mechanics to fix it. But you can always just hire another Mexican.

    The big issue is that the machines are becoming cheaper. At $100K Mexicans are cheaper. But at $10K the economics change.

    Also, we will see the machines in civilized countries with proper minimum wages first before they become popular in the USA.

    1. Re:Mexicans are cheaper than machines by pnutjam · · Score: 1

      My mom's family were migrant workers. She was the first one born in the US.

      https://thinkprogress.org/berr...

    2. Re:Mexicans are cheaper than machines by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

      The proper minimum wage is nonexistent. Government has no valid business setting wages.

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    3. Re:Mexicans are cheaper than machines by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The proper minimum wage is nonexistent. Government has no valid business setting wages.

      So speaks a rationalizing economist. But in the real world, there are power imbalances. The effect of minimum wages on unemployment has been found to be minimal, while the effect on people's living standards is enormous.

      Yes, this is government artificially interfering with a free market. To help the poor. Which is one thing a government should do.

  29. I didn't admit anything of the sort by rsilvergun · · Score: 1

    Yes, jobs matter, but that's not what's getting folks to the polls. Not just that. Racism is definitely a factor. You're being childishly naive if you think otherwise. Google the Southern Strategy and read up on it. Racism, along with Guns and Abortion, form the Holy Trinity of wedge issues used to divide the working class.

    Thing is, this is complicated shit. Guys like Trump don't win just because of racists, but they don't win without racists. It's one of many factors. There's no black and white here (pun not intended). We need to address white working class men's lack of jobs and futures and solve their problems, but we also need to address the widespread racism among them and get them to understand that it's not helping them.

    And no, nobody really gives a rat's behind about fairness here. We're adults. Fairness is something of a childish emotion in this context. People want jobs. And They want to get rid of the others that are not like them. But nobody really gives a rat's ass about it being fair. If that's all that was at stake we'd just open our borders and everybody would compete in the free market in complete fairness.

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  30. Re: better as in no American will do it for $3.12/ by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If they got paid $30 / HR than nobody could afford the strawberries. So everyone would want to make more. Now $30 isn't worth very much. Right back to where you started, except you have to print more money and pennies are unsustainable to keep around.

    JM

  31. Um... lots of the are against more visas by rsilvergun · · Score: 1

    the point is they're coming here competing for scarce jobs in a country where your entire quality of life depends on your job. That said, racism is also a factor. But it's foolish to ignore the impact on jobs & wages they have. The flood of cheap blue collar workers is no different than the flood of cheap H1-Bs. Heck, it's worse. We not only have the H2-B visa but a ton of illegals taking jobs. Yes, it's good for the economy for them to be here, but that hardly matters if you're stuck working at Walmart for $7.50/hr and 30 hours a week.

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  32. Re:better as in no American will do it for $3.12/H by OneAhead · · Score: 1

    cause they are too fat and/or haven't got the stamina or drive.

    *suddenly wakes up* Wait, were we talking about picking strawberries?

  33. Re: better as in no American will do it for $3.12/ by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

    Shari's Berries sells chocolate covered strawberries for more than $3.00 each. Somebody's buying them, so your claim is false.

    Labor for picking is not the only cost in strawberries, so retail price is not just a multiple of the labor rate. Also, the market trend is for larger strawberry varieties, which lowers the labor portion of the market price.

    Just picking what seems like reasonable numbers out of the air, a worker ought to be able to pick more than a pound of large strawberries each minute (these things weigh one or two ounces each.) At the absurd rate of $30/hr for unskilled labor, that still only adds less than 50 cents per pound to the producer's cost (not price).

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  34. Re:I thought such robots had been in use for years by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

    Thanks for the links. The Japanese machine is very slow. The Agrobot is faster, but both machines are designed for greenhouse situations where the strawberries hang out into the aisles where the machine works. Picking strawberries in a field where the plants are in rows of soil raised perhaps 4 inches above the aisles is a more difficult problem, requiring a more clever movement of the berries once picked and the ability to move aside leaves to get the berries, etc..

    This shouldn't be a technically difficult problem, but there is a lot of tedious engineering to be done.

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