Slashdot Mirror


CRISPR-Altered Plants Are Not Going To Be Regulated (For Now) (fastcompany.com)

Good news for people who like genetically altered tomatoes and other plants. The U.S. Department of Agriculture announced it will no longer regulate them. From a report: The USDA not only rolled back Obama-era rules regulating genetically edited plants, but now it claims that plants whose genomes have been altered using gene-editing technology (read: CRISPR) pose "no risk," MIT's Technology Review reports. While CRISPR engineering is still a relatively new science whose full impact is not yet known, the USDA has decided that it is merely an innovative shortcut to the age-old practice of plant breeding.

34 of 284 comments (clear)

  1. CRISPR-ed by mentil · · Score: 3, Funny

    I, for one, am looking forward to CRISPR-enhanced lettuce, at my local grocery.
    Also, I'm shocked a Republican administration would do any pro-GMO move, even if they frame it as 'less regulation'.

    --
    Corruption is convincing someone that the selfless ideal is the same as their selfish ideal.
    1. Re:CRISPR-ed by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      Republicans are more likely to support GMO than oppose it. Oh we have our fringe lunatics who think GMO is a government conspiracy to instill mind control or some other BS. But mostly we recognize that GMO increases output with less resources. It's good for business, good for the small farmer as well and it's feeding large parts of the world (Golden Rice).

      GMO is helping to feed the world. Why would we not support it.

      Meanwhile it's the Democrat loonies who push vegan this, or "Organic" that and who tend to oppose GMO and corporate farming.

    2. Re:CRISPR-ed by GrumpySteen · · Score: 5, Insightful

      You're shocked that the current administration rolled back rules set during the Obama administration and took the opposite stance?

    3. Re:CRISPR-ed by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Genetic editing is just a precisely targeted, one-generation way of modifying natural species the way we have been doing since the beginning of agriculture.

    4. Re: CRISPR-ed by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      No it isn't. There are a lot of changes which are difficult or impossible to make with more traditional selective breeding methods. But that's missing the point entirely.

      The problem is that people either fear or praise the tool, not the result. Saying "GMO are dangerous" is just as wrong as saying "GMO are safe."

    5. Re:CRISPR-ed by aphor · · Score: 3, Informative

      PR troll.

      Precisely targeted literally means NOT "the way we have been doing since the beginning of agriculture."

      Your equivocation is either evil, or Dunning Kruger effect.

      --
      --- Nothing clever here: move along now...
    6. Re:CRISPR-ed by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 3, Funny

      When we modify species by hybridization, we keep tossing the dice by mating individuals we hope carry the traits we want. Then we cull the offspring and keep repeating the process, generation after generation. All GM does is get us there faster and with less uncertainty.

    7. Re: CRISPR-ed by orlanz · · Score: 2

      Making the dandelion mature in two weeks rather than it's current 1-2 months will be enough to cause massive damage to American lawns. The economic cost would be noticed. Make it immune to common herbicides and it would be worse than California's droughts across the US.

      That weed has enough natural advantages already.

    8. Re:CRISPR-ed by vtcodger · · Score: 3, Funny

      "I, for one, am looking forward to CRISPR-enhanced lettuce, at my local grocery."

      Grocery? Heavens no. The CRISPR enhanced lettuce will roll out of the grocery on its own, hitch a ride to your house, pick the lock, let itself in, lock the door behind it, climb into your fridge, discard any overly aged food, tuck itself into the vegetable tray, close the fridge door, and, if necessary, turn out the light in the fridge.

      --
      You can't see ANYTHING from a car, You've got to get out of the goddamned contraption and walk...Edward Abbey
    9. Re:CRISPR-ed by pots · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It allows for changes which can't be achieved through breeding. For the most part that fact is good, but it certainly does pose a degree of danger. I have defended GMO foods in the past as being safe, but that was under the premise that they were carefully monitored. This is just... nuts.

    10. Re:CRISPR-ed by pots · · Score: 3, Insightful

      There's nothing weird about this, GMOs are backed by very large companies. Ultimately, that's all that matters.

    11. Re: CRISPR-ed by shaitand · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Dandelions are harmless, edible, and more attractive than grass... Grass is definitely the weed in this comparison.

    12. Re: CRISPR-ed by shaitand · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Generally no, fearing the result would require picking and choosing particular edits to oppose. The arguments fall more along the "all things natural are safe, nature is better than man" lines.

      While there can always be unintended consequences the nearly random editing process of nature produces all sorts of things which are deadly to us, thinking the things we've deliberately built with a targeted purpose are innately inferior is ignorance to the extreme.

    13. Re: CRISPR-ed by BronsCon · · Score: 2

      Unless you have (very common) pollen allergies...

      --
      APK quotes people (including myself) without context and should not be trusted. Just thought you should know.
    14. Re:CRISPR-ed by ceoyoyo · · Score: 2

      "When you eat selectively bred tomatoes you know exactly what you're getting."

      No you don't. Many of those selective breeding techniques involve doing things to crank up the mutation rate. It's unlikely you're going to get RoundUp resistance or something, but it's not impossible you could get resurgence of something stored in the plant's genome that is normally turned off.

      In general our domesticated crop species have had many of their undesirable defensive characteristics bred out. Tomatoes are part of the nightshade family.

    15. Re:CRISPR-ed by quanminoan · · Score: 2

      I'm for GMO generally, but your analogy is not correct. I can't make glowing tomatoes through selective breeding, but with CRISPR I can insert jellyfish genes, natural antifreeze from fish, insecticides, etc.

    16. Re:CRISPR-ed by MightyYar · · Score: 2

      That's great for rich people. Too bad using 1950s farming technology doesn't scale. And again, I've heard these claims but I'm suspicious that these grand advantages are just being made up by farmers who make a lot more money selling "organic" produce. Some "organic" chemicals are very capable of destroying soils - for one example look at copper compounds, used to control fungus. It doesn't take a rocket surgeon to see that using something that can't break down in soils at concentrations high enough to kill microbes over the long term is not sustainable.

      I'm all for creating a label - analogous to "organic" - that lets the consumer know that the farmer is using best-practices for sustainable agriculture. We could even call it "sustainable". But don't pretend that is what "organic" means, because that's just a bolt-on claim used to justify unmitigated bullshit (technical term).

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    17. Re: CRISPR-ed by ArmoredDragon · · Score: 3, Informative

      That's not my experience at all. I've been on the pro GMO side of this ever since I heard it was a thing, primarily out of distrust of food alarmists (there's enough bullshit about food to turn all of California, where these myths are the most prevalent, dark brown. My biggest peeve of the moment is that people actually think MSG is bad, but the opposite is actually true.)

      The the worst offenders have all been Democrats. Their reasons are usually because they think GMO harms the environment (the opposite is true) they think it causes cancer, (false) they're on a crusade to make everybody eat organic (try finding an organic purist that isn't a Democrat. Vegans almost universally fall in this category as well, and try finding a vegan that isn't a Democrat.) Another reason it's usually Democrats is because of their very anti corporate stance, and/or they just hate Monsanto, not even bothering to consider that the technology itself is separate from the companies that employ it. The bill to ban GMO labeling was mostly supported by Republicans and mostly opposed by Democrats. Although Obama did sign the bill, in spite of his base labeling him as a coward for "caving to Republicans", and indeed many well known left leaning people here on slashdot were whining about their "right to know" about food's very immaterial GMO status every time that I told them the only purpose is to stigmatize it (i.e. labeling Jews.) Ironically, these guys want to know that more than they want information about material facts that manufacturers aren't required to put on labels, like the arsenic content of apple sauce.

      But, if that doesn't satisfy you, then this should help:

      https://www.isidewith.com/poli...
      https://newrepublic.com/articl...
      http://www.weeklystandard.com/...
      https://reason.com/blog/2016/0...

      Oh, and if you support Bernie for 2020:

      https://geneticliteracyproject...
      https://www.politico.com/story...

      It's all but guaranteed that if Bernie gets elected, and Democrats have a supermajority in Congress, (the later if which could likely happen, given the shit coming out of Republicans lately, especially with net neutrality) you can bet your ass that GMO would end up banned, which would be a huge setback for the United States.

    18. Re: CRISPR-ed by reve_etrange · · Score: 2

      CRISPR isn't random. It's directed by a template RNA strand (called a "guide" and abbreviated sgRNA for historical reasons) to bind sections of DNA complementary to the guide. In addition to matching the guide, the target DNA must have a protospacer adjacent motif (NGG), which limits things a bit in practice.

      What happens after target DNA is recognized by the Cas9/sgRNA depends on the specific Cas9 variant and potentially the presence of other exogenous DNA introduced along with the Cas9 and sgRNA.

      Gene silencing, or CRISPRi (for interference), targets inactive dCas9 ("dead" Cas9) to the transcription start site (TSS) within a gene. The dCas9 then physically occludes the TSS, preventing transcription factor binding and thus gene expression.

      Gene activation, or CRISPRa, also targets the TSS. The dCas9 protein is fused to a constitutively active transcription factor, which initiates gene expression directly.

      Editing using CRISPR/Cas9 is also possible. Active Cas9 will make cuts in both strands of the target DNA double-helix, leaving "blunt ends" (unlike the "sticky ends" created by restriction enzymes). The blunt ends are addressed in one of two ways: non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR). With NHEJ, the blunt ends will either be joined directly (resulting in gene deletion), or with stochastic inclusion of another piece of DNA introduced along with the CRISPR/Cas9 system (resulting in inefficient gene insertion). In HDR, the additional DNA will contain "homology arms" complementary to the DNA flanking the target sequence. After the cuts are made, this DNA can hybridize (forming a double-helix) on those flanking arms. The new DNA finally is copied into the hole created by the Cas9, yielding specific and relatively efficient gene insertion.

      Regardless of the specific application, CRISPER/Cas9 approaches are stochastic and imperfect. Off-target DNA can be cut non-specifically, resulting in random deletions or insertion into random regions. Repair may proceed without insertion of the desired sequences, etc. There is a ton of ongoing research into engineered Cas9 variants with improved specificity and efficiency.

      Most concerns about CRISPR-based genetic modification relate either to off-target effects (i.e. specificity and/or efficiency), or to the relative ease in making persistent, germ-line changes compared to prior methods.

      --
      .: Semper Absurda :.
    19. Re:CRISPR-ed by MightyYar · · Score: 2

      Organic is about sustainability

      That's just a potential side-benefit, and only if you do a lot of research ahead of time to make sure.

      For instance, I can (and occasionally do) buy "organic" produce from 10,000 miles away. There is nothing even remotely "sustainable" about that.

      "Organic" farmers can dump any pesticides on their field that come from "natural" sources, completely irrespective of how "sustainable" it is. Some older pesticides, like copper-based anti-fungals, are perfectly cromulent with the "organic" label, but build up in soil over time.

      Finally, 1950s farming tech does not scale to the current world population, so no matter how sustainable you think it is, adopting it globally can only happen if half of the world dies.

      If sustainable is what everyone was after, there would be a "sustainable" label. For many (most?), it's a perceived health benefit. But don't believe me, believe the data:
      From this survey:

      “Polling shows the No. 1 reason people go organic is to avoid pesticides, chemicals and all of those things that are not allowed in organics,” said Katherine Paul, associate director of Minnesota-based Organic Consumers Association. “So I think you are looking at a better-educated population that is connecting the dots between what they eat and their health.”

      Pure, unmitigated bullshit.

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    20. Re: CRISPR-ed by c6gunner · · Score: 2

      Why would it be stupid, expensive and wasteful?
      The organic farmers I know save a lot of money by not using artificial fertilizers or pesticides.
      Does not sound expensive. Does not sound wasteful, and is most certainly not stupid.

      No, they don't. You're being slimy and using the word "artificial" in a way that can have two meanings, but, either way, there are only two possible scenarios and neither one of them results in "saving money":

      1. They don't use ANY fertilizer or pesticides, in which case they take a massive loss on production due to low growth and wastage to pests. They then charge you $15 for an apple so they can try and break even.

        or

      2. They use "natural" fertilisers and pesticides, in which case they're actually spending more money than conventional farmers ... and still getting shittier results.

      Either way, yes, it's expensive, wasteful, and stupid.

      I'm actually tired about people that boast their non knowledge about a topic on the internet, where they never invested the time to research it a little bit ...

      The irony in that statement is absolutely hilarious. You are one of the most ignorant people on Slashdot. Every single one of your comments - regardless of the topic - makes it painfully obvious that you have no clue what you're talking about. I mean you make Pope Ratzo sound almost sane and knowledgeable in comparison. And yet you think you're the informed one, and that everyone else is ignorant?

      Mind blowing.

  2. What's the big deal with the anti-GMO movement. by Ayano · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It just ends up as proteins and starches when you eat it. Now if they produced some kind of chemical that ended up as poisonous that's a different story. The only reason you'd prefer one over the other as an end user is either taste or cost.

    It's just a more engineered version of why the Irish nearly replaced their entire crop with potatoes back in the day. They were easier to plant and produced good yield... until they didn't. Variety is the space of life after all.

    --
    I don't read AC
    1. Re:What's the big deal with the anti-GMO movement. by mentil · · Score: 2

      Genetic engineering flips the epigenetic 'evil bit', automatically making the data 'bad'. Ever see 'attack of the killer tomatoes'? It's a warning about Monsanto.

      --
      Corruption is convincing someone that the selfless ideal is the same as their selfish ideal.
    2. Re:What's the big deal with the anti-GMO movement. by spth · · Score: 5, Informative

      Spider or goat dna is apple would mean transgenic plants. Those are still regulated.

      The deregulation only applies to using CRISPR to create plants that could also have been created using traditional breeding.

      The main advantage of using CRISPR that way is that it saves a lot of time and effort. Instead of doing a large number of breeding experiments and then selecting those that happen to have the desired comibination of genes one can now directly go for the desired result.

  3. Re:The spider-goat is real! by spth · · Score: 2

    Randy Lewis is still active in the spider-goat research field. His group has had a small herd of about 30 of them at Utah State University for years. Current research seems to focus on separating the silk from the milk.

  4. Teenage Mutant Ninja Onion by invalid_user · · Score: 4, Funny

    Lettuce in an eggplant,
    Avocado!

  5. Re:I like this sentence in the article by dwillden · · Score: 4, Funny

    Walking corn plants can be herded to new fields from time to time allowing the moisture and nutrient content of the soil to be scientifically replenished between field occupations without so much being wasted when splashed on the more stationary plants of today where so much evaporates off the leaves and stalks rather than getting into the soil for the roots to drink.

    They also reduce the number of combines a Farmer needs, instead of needing five or six to harvest a farm working one field at a time. This will allow one to be set in a stationary position at the end of a harvest funnel, and the Corn is herded from all the fields of the farm into the combine. The combine of course is co-located with the Silo and dumps the harvested corn directly into the Silo eliminating the need for trucks to catch the harvested corn and haul it from the fields to the Silos. It will take some work training dogs to herd corn effectively as the current herding breeds tend to ignore plants looking for cows or sheep to herd.

    Seriously you are really missing what an incredible idea walking corn would be.

    At least until it learns how to make rudimentary tools and weapons.

    --
    I'm too lazy to compose a creative sig.
  6. A little caution isn't a bad thing by sjbe · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Good news for people who like genetically altered tomatoes and other plants

    I defy anyone to find me a crop we raise that is NOT genetically altered. Seriously, wander around any grocery store and find me a single vegetable, fruit, grain, or protein for sale that humans have not genetically altered substantially. The only item I can think of are wild caught seafood. The only difference between them is the techniques used but they ALL have been genetically altered. Same goes for your household pet, the fibers in the clothes you wear, etc. We've been at this genetic alteration game for as long as we've been raising crops. Odds are that a good approximations of none of the food you've ever eaten wasn't genetically modified by humans at some juncture.

    The USDA not only rolled back Obama-era rules regulating genetically edited plants, but now it claims that plants whose genomes have been altered using gene-editing technology (read: CRISPR) pose "no risk,"

    While I'm not remotely against GMOs and gene editing, claiming that there is "no risk" given our current knowledge is more than a little absurd. Every researcher I've ever spoken with about CRISPR (my wife works with several of them) says something to the effect of "whoa that's powerful stuff... we should be careful until we understand it better". (their real concerns tend to be more in the area of bio-weapons and pathogens but crops are a mild concern of theirs) While it might turn out that there is actually no meaningful risk from CRISPR on crops, that doesn't mean we should rush headlong into the unknown without thinking through each step and making sure we know what we are doing as best we can. Modifying plants demonstrably affects ecosystems, sometimes in ways we didn't predict. Sometimes the modifications themselves aren't harmful but the actions they permit are - see modifying crops to be resistant to chemicals like glyphosate where the genetic modification isn't harmful itself but the herbicides or behaviors they facilitate clearly are harmful on some level. I see no evidence that we shouldn't use technologies like CRISPR but spending some years testing and learning seems like a practical first step and if we need some regulations to make that happen, so be it.

    1. Re:A little caution isn't a bad thing by tomhath · · Score: 3, Informative

      I defy anyone to point out a time when Nature has allowed the mixing of tomato and frog genes to produce a superior tomato.

      RTFA, that is still regulated.

  7. The experiment has already been run by sjbe · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Just because we're doing it doesn't mean we should.

    What are you talking about? We've been genetically modifying plants for as long as there have been humans and it is fine. Yes we should be doing it, we will continue to do it, and the techniques for doing it are only going to get more effective. It will be effectively impossible to feed the human population without GMOs. It's not even a choice really.

    I won't be satisfied about the safety of GMO until we've had a couple hundred years of informed consent trials.

    So you are saying you'll never be satisfied. That isn't going to happen. Seven billion people on the planet, widespread use of GMOs using modern techniques for decades now (plus thousands of years of older techniques) and zero evidence of any negative nutritional effects across generations. If that sort of evidence isn't good enough for you then you will never be satisfied. The nutritional question is settled for all practical purposes and any negative health effects from them that might exist are clearly extremely subtle at worst. The experiment has already been run and the evidence seems clear that GMOs aren't a nutritional health risk either in the short or long term.

    Now if you want to make an argument about the effects of GMOs on ecosystems being potentially harmful then you might have an argument. There the evidence is a lot less clear and there is clear evidence that use of GMOs (think roundup ready) influences our behavior in ways that have clear and demonstrable harms both direct and indirect.

    Also, I defy anyone to point out a time when Nature has allowed the mixing of tomato and frog genes to produce a superior tomato.

    Your DNA is absolutely loaded with code from species that are not human. The fact that you can't wrap your brain around mixing genes from seemingly unrelated species isn't evidence of a problem. You talk about nature "allowing" things as if genetics is somehow planned. That's not how it works. Genetic code doesn't have an agenda beyond reproduction. Read The Selfish Gene sometime for a more eloquent argument.

  8. Re: What's the big deal with the anti-GMO movement by orlanz · · Score: 5, Interesting

    The Zika virus wasn't a problem until genetically-altered mosquitoes were released in Brazil.

    Huh what? Citation please! The Zika problem is being SOLVED by genetically altered mosquitoes that are eradicating the specific species that carries the virus. This method has been far more effective at the destruction of specific targeted mosquito species than any method in the history of mankind (maybe not as much as a nuke).

    The primary reason it became an epidemic in South America is because it is very new there. It's been around for centuries in Asia but cropped up in Brazil less than 5 years ago! It was brand new to the locals' immune system and thus spread like wild fire.

    I don't know if you posted in jest or accidentally but if serious, it is a major disservice to BOTH sides of the debate. This example is literally the perfect, responsible type of solutions that we HOPE to achieve with genetic modification.

  9. Good! by nospam007 · · Score: 2

    My triffids are almost ready to market.

  10. Re: What's the big deal with the anti-GMO movement by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 2

    Anti-GMO organizations like Greenpeace have come out against Golden Rice as viciously as if it were a Monsanto product:
    http://thehill.com/opinion/hea...

    And have actually destroyed test plots of it in the Philippines:
    http://www.sciencemag.org/news...

    Now that Duterte is in office there, I'm hoping that next time the Luddites invade the test fields, he will machine-gun them rihgt there and let their bodies fertilize the plants.

  11. Re: What's the big deal with the anti-GMO movement by fedos · · Score: 2

    And why would the Philippines need golden rice?

    Because they're suffering from widespread malnutrition.

    Obviously they don't like GMO _food_ like no one else wants it.

    Which is why they're growing Golden Rice and other GMO crops and it's outsiders who oppose their use of GMO crops? And what do you mean no one wants GMO food? I, and many other people, want GMO food; we're excited about the benefits for the environment and for the potential to improve the quality of life of people around the world.

    You are a typical imperialistic asshole.

    Says the asshole who has no problem with wealthy westerners vandalizing the crops of Filipino farmers.

    The golden rice thing is just another attempt to subdue a country in the developing world, it produces vitamin A, you know? For what funk sake reason would a country like the Philippines need a GMO rice that produces vitamin A?

    Because they're suffering from widespread malnutrition.

    Why would they need to pay patent fees to plant that rice?

    Because they choose to? Seriously, no one is going to force farmers to grow the crop. They will be able to choose whether to grow conventional rice or Golden Rice based on their own situation. But wait, because the Philippines is a developing country according to the FAO, they don't have to pay the IP licensing cost. This is something you would know if you weren't willfully ignorant.

    Why would they need to have half of their farmers run bankrupt because they can not pay for the fees, or can not plant their original rice anymore?

    Farmers are free to plant whatever crop they're willing and able to pay for. They won't go bankrupt from planting GMO crops unless either they make bad business decisions or they suffer the sort of tragedies that would make them go bankrupt while planting conventional crops. Also, as pointed out above, Filipino farmers don't have to pay these fees. They're also free to go back to growing conventional rice if they so choose.

    You are an idiot. You have no clue what is going on. And you have no clue about GMOs or about countries where you like to test them.

    You're a willfully ignorant moron. You don't care about what's true and what's not; you only care about your virtue sginaling, and you don't care if people - childrend - die because of it.