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Lockheed Martin Creates Its Largest 3D-Printed Space Part To Date (engadget.com)

Lockheed Martin has finished quality control tests for its largest 3D-printed space part to date: an enormous titanium dome meant to serve as caps for satellite fuel tanks. The component measures four feet in diameter. Engadget reports: Its previous largest qualified space part is an electronics enclosure that's around the size of a toaster. This dome is large enough to seal fuel tanks bigger than humans and, according to Lockheed Martin, big enough to hold 74.4 gallons of coffee or 530 donuts. Glazed, of course.

Titanium is an ideal material for the industry, because it's lightweight and can withstand the harsh conditions of space travel. However, manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent of the material using traditional manufacturing techniques -- plus, each component could take years to build. Rick Ambrose, the company's executive VP, said they were able to cut down the total delivery timeline for a titanium fuel tank dome from two years to an incredibly impressive three months. "Our largest 3D-printed parts to date show we're committed to a future where we produce satellites twice as fast and at half the cost."

80 comments

  1. Still backwardian by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    What's all this in metric? And don't convert; the original design is bound to be in metric and I don't need double conversions, thanks.

    1. Re:Still backwardian by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      It's in metric because the modern world works in metric.

    2. Re:Still backwardian by careysub · · Score: 4, Interesting

      This video is what you should look at to find out about the actual size of the object and you can see how it was made. The size is 1.16 meters (46.7 inches, not the 46 given in the press release, they should have rounded up to 47 if they wanted two use two digits of precision).

      It was made by laying down titanium on a rotating platform and fusing it in place. Although you can see it being done in the video how the titanium is applied and what they are using to fuse it is not explained. I'm guessing titanium ribbon and a helium atmosphere arc.

      The lead time they quote for forgings is presumably the time to make the tooling. Additive "printing" processes are good for low production items so that expensive tooling isn't necessary.

      --
      Starships were meant to fly, Hands up and touch the sky - Nicky Minaj
    3. Re:Still backwardian by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Yeah, obviously this was a press release geared for the idiot masses - they give volume in cups of coffee, donuts, and hard-shelled candy, but even gallons are only mentioned as parenthetical aside.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    4. Re:Still backwardian by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-beam_additive_manufacturing
      Electron beam additive manufacturing.

      Is what this was made in a vacuum with an electron beam melting the metal together. Metals fuse together VERY well in a vacuum where oxygenation is no longer an issue.

  2. C'mon, what's with the weird units? by Opportunist · · Score: 4, Funny

    Gallons wasn't counter-intuitive enough, so we're now measuring space in donuts?

    Glazed, of course.

    Lockheed, are you an engineering factory or a chocolate factory? Do you have skunkworks or Oompa Loompa?

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    1. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by Aighearach · · Score: 1

      Those are just units for the negative space; they're not building the part they counted using donuts. They're just hungry.

    2. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's 10 cubic feet, do some quick math kid or you're never going to get to drop bombs on poor people for Lockheed.

    3. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by PolygamousRanchKid+ · · Score: 1

      Gallons wasn't counter-intuitive enough, so we're now measuring space in donuts?

      Glazed, of course.

      74.4 gallons of coffee or 530 donuts is breakfast for people the size of Wales.

      Lockheed, are you an engineering factory or a chocolate factory? Do you have skunkworks or Oompa Loompa?

      Stanley Kubrick just recently revealed in a postmortem interview that he personally met Oompa Loompas at Area 51 while he was there filming the Moon Landings and O.J. Simpson's Murder on Mars.

      A baby Oompa Loompa starred at the end of "2001" . . .

      --
      Schroedinger's Brexit: The UK is both in and out of the EU at the same time!
    4. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by Ubi_NL · · Score: 1

      It did make me wonder how many libraries of congress would fit in it

      --

      If an experiment works, something has gone wrong.
    5. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      The donut is one of those less common dry imperial units like hogshead or rods. There are 42 donuts to the standard bushel.

    6. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      Probably more than football stadiums.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    7. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by blindseer · · Score: 1

      Do you have skunkworks or Oompa Loompa?

      Please say Oopa Loompa...

      Please say Oopa Loompa...

      Please say Oopa Loompa...

      --
      I am armed because I am free. I am free because I am armed.
    8. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by djhonson196 · · Score: 1

      Examples given here are just for comparison and show its size nothing related to engineering and all, as it is built from titanium using 3D technology.

    9. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by 91degrees · · Score: 1

      They're just trying to be cute.

      I agree though. The illustrations are pointless. I have no idea what 530 donuts looks like, or 310,000 M&Ms. Or for that matter 74.4 gallons. On the other hand, they have a damn picture that indicates the size! And for those of us who have a general idea of imperial, a 4ft radius hemisphere is also reasonably descriptive.

    10. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by Whibla · · Score: 1

      Gallons wasn't counter-intuitive enough...

      They were talking, specifically, about gallons of coffee.

      I'm still trying to work out how many gallons of Brawndo this equates to...

    11. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 1

      It doesn't matter how many gallons of Brawndo this equates to since the last step is converting that value in electrolytes.

      --
      #DeleteFacebook
    12. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      And they fail miserably at offering any kind of "feel" of how big it is. Do you know what 74 gallons look like? Whether it's much? Can you, off the top of your head, tell me whether it's more than a bathtub? And how far that tub has to be filled?

      Saying that it's a cone of X diameter and Y height would offer a much more tangible size. Even if X and Y were given in the funny imperial units.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    13. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by PPH · · Score: 1

      Its previous largest qualified space part is an electronics enclosure that's around the size of a toaster.

      Two or four slice?

      --
      Have gnu, will travel.
    14. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by Hawks · · Score: 1

      It may be easier to image the volume in more reasonable standard units. 74.4G ~= 538 Grapefruit, or 164.5 Bulgarian Funbags. Further comparisons are left as an exercise for the reader.

      --
      in anima Apparatus
    15. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by careysub · · Score: 1

      Those are just units for the negative space; they're not building the part they counted using donuts. They're just hungry.

      The coffee and M&M ("hard-shell candies (you know which ones we mean)") examples support this theory.

      But how to explain the ping ping balls (6,225)?

      --
      Starships were meant to fly, Hands up and touch the sky - Nicky Minaj
    16. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by religionofpeas · · Score: 1

      Do you know what 74 gallons look like?

      Depends. Are we talking 74 gallons of tea, or 74 gallons of coffee ?

    17. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Por que no los dos?

    18. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by cellocgw · · Score: 1

      Its previous largest qualified space part is an electronics enclosure that's around the size of a toaster.

      Two or four slice?

      Neither.

      --
      https://app.box.com/WitthoftResume Code: https://github.com/cellocgw
    19. Re: C'mon, what's with the weird units? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Either way it's going to be 74 gallons of piss when I'm through with it.

    20. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by David_Hart · · Score: 1

      It doesn't matter how many gallons of Brawndo this equates to since the last step is converting that value in electrolytes.

      Brawndo has electrolytes....

    21. Re: C'mon, what's with the weird units? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Because you don't sweat.

    22. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by Darinbob · · Score: 1

      This came from Engadget presumably, and not straight from Lockheed-Martin.

    23. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by djhonson196 · · Score: 1

      You should have a 0.25 cubic meters of a bathtub. Just go and have it, it will easily pour approximately 250 to 230 liters of liquid which is nearly 74 gallons. L*B*H = 1*0.5*0.5 m3

    24. Re:C'mon, what's with the weird units? by Aighearach · · Score: 1

      Ping pong balls are a traditional object of make-work; in economics, everybody understands that if you have high unemployment and you pay workers to dig ditches, fill them with ping-pong balls, and then dig them back up, you stimulate the economy.

      So in examples like this, it is very much like the food examples; they're just thinking about their paycheck and implying that you're not supposed to take their presentation seriously as if it was actual work, because it wasn't; it was make-work.

  3. "manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    What do they mean by wasting? Surely they can melt off-cuts down and reuse it?

    1. Re:"manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by religionofpeas · · Score: 4, Informative

      Titanium chips from machining are contaminated with coolants and lubricants, as well as foreign materials. Recycling these chips is more expensive than making new titanium.

    2. Re:"manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by Whibla · · Score: 1, Interesting

      While this sounds almost sensible it also kinda sounds like complete hogwash.

      It's cheaper to 'make' titanium from scratch than it is to start from a highly concentrated source of titanium. Really?

      Any chance you could link to or list reputable sources for your comment?

      I will take a browse myself, after lunch, if only because I have no idea how one would go about 3D printing something made of titanium, but a good starting point would be appreciated.

      Cheers.

    3. Re:"manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The coolants and lubricants are almost certainly not petroleum based either. So cleanup could be as simple as soap and water. Some CNC machines use IPA as a coolant simply because cleanup is super easy.

    4. Re:"manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by TheCastro1689 · · Score: 1

      They'll probably just crash them into Australia or the Sahara at a controlled speed, then mine them from there.

    5. Re:"manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by oobayly · · Score: 1

      Some CNC machines use IPA as a coolant simply because cleanup is super easy.

      Plus, the operators get a free source of beer...

    6. Re:"manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by religionofpeas · · Score: 1

      So cleanup could be as simple as soap and water. Some CNC machines use IPA as a coolant simply because cleanup is super easy.

      I am sure you can wash the chips, and get 99% of the coolant off. The problem is the remaining 1% that has chemically bonded with the titanium. Even small amounts of contamination can affect the quality of the end product.

    7. Re: "manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by Type44Q · · Score: 1

      Not for bringing back materials to Earth, stupid.

    8. Re:"manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by careysub · · Score: 1

      Highly concentrated titanium is extremely cheap. It is titanium dioxide that makes "white paint" white. It costs about $100 per ton. World production is in the millions of tons annually. Even high purity oxide is cheap.

      The cost of raw titanium is entirely in the processing required to reduce it to metal. The most efficient process currently is the recent FFC Cambridge process that uses electrochemical reduction of the oxide in molten calcium chloride.

      --
      Starships were meant to fly, Hands up and touch the sky - Nicky Minaj
    9. Re:"manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by 91degrees · · Score: 1

      My guess would be that the offcuts are sold as scrap. Probably for somewhat less than it originally cost because the scrap merchant has to deal with cleanup and purifying. Would still count as a net loss for Lockheed Martin compared with more efficient manufacturing processes.

      Like I say, this is just a guess, but it would make sense.

    10. Re:"manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Not really - the titanium contamination ruins the flavor :-D

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    11. Re:"manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by careysub · · Score: 2

      They are sold as scrap - specifically as scrap to make ferrotitanium which is added to steel to scavenge sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. The titanium is being used simply as a chemical reagent to purify the steel.

      --
      Starships were meant to fly, Hands up and touch the sky - Nicky Minaj
    12. Re:"manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What a waste of beer.

    13. Re: "manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I've never understood your space skepticism.
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_space_program
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_rocket_and_missile_technology

      It's a long term human endeavour, we kick around ideas well before they're even remotely possible and we probably never hear about most of the ones that didn't quite pan out. Just the other day you mentioned the Saturn V. What a massive project. The idea that we grab materials in space and make things out of them isn't really so far fetched. "Not because they are easy, but because they are hard"

      I will agree with the sentiment that nerds forever wank to breakthroughs that have been right around the corner for decades. Then again without that irrational enthusiasm we wouldn't have come this far as a species.
      You are a total troll though maybe you just like crushing hope, dreams, and inconsequential long tail revenue streams.

    14. Re:"manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      yes, in general you are right when you are making titanium from solid billet parts. Domes like the one being printed are usually forged items which leave almost zero waste that is contaminated by fluids used for cutting. In fact they state it in the summary that the main point was cutting down the lead time from 2 years to 3 months. These domes are never cut from a chunk of billet. that would be incredibly wasteful! Instead they are forged using the same dies that any large industry uses for every other fluid and piping need. These standards are well spelled out and take into consideration multiple materials when specifying out the engineering dimensions of the individual components.

      The standards are denoted by ASME but to take a look at them you will need to be a member and pay a shit tonne of money for the standard books.

    15. Re:"manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ... recycling these chips is more expensive than making new titanium ...

      [Citation needed]

    16. Re:"manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent" by oobayly · · Score: 1

      True. What's the point of drink real ale if all you get is the shitty metallic taste of Heineken!

  4. Lockheed and their fuel tanks... by DanDD · · Score: 3, Interesting
    --
    "Every time I see an adult on a bicycle, I no longer despair for the future of the human race." - H. G. Wells
  5. Re: REAL REASON TRUMP WANTS PUTIN CHAT by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    CBS fake news has a trademark on that phrase. So when you cover-up Spygate and Stefan Halper with crazy Russian conspiracy theories, please us the proper legal symbols.

    The More You Know (tm) CBS Fake News
    ae911truth.org

  6. Re:REAL REASON TRUMP WANTS PUTIN CHAT by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Don't be silly; we all know he prefers golden showers.

  7. Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What's this in square octofurlongs?

  8. "74.4 gallons of coffee" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This thing is a frigging fuel tank... so someone decided the best way to let us envisage its size is to tell us how much coffee it can take ?

    1. Re:"74.4 gallons of coffee" by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 1

      Maybe that's a hint about a work-in-progress "eco fuel" rocket?

      --
      #DeleteFacebook
    2. Re: "74.4 gallons of coffee" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      coffee is fuel

  9. Those are some pretty big damn donuts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    530 donuts / 74.4 gallons is about 7 donuts / gallon

    1. Re:Those are some pretty big damn donuts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not to mention, donuts are compressible, where coffee is virtually incompressible, so we can really crank up the donut density if needed.

  10. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  11. Re:satellites twice as fast and at half the cost by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

    Communications, remote sensing, emergency services, military applications.

    --
    Ezekiel 23:20
  12. Recyling titanium by sjbe · · Score: 3, Informative

    While this sounds almost sensible it also kinda sounds like complete hogwash.

    Definitely not hogwash. There are issues of alloy contamination from the cutting tools, oxygen contamination, carbon contamination, and some others. Not necessarily insurmountable problems but not trivial ones either.

    1. Re:Recyling titanium by Whibla · · Score: 1

      Thanks, that's exactly what I was looking for.

  13. Excellent! by Ferretman · · Score: 1

    Well done, Lockheed-Martin!

    Ferret

    --
    Sic gorgiamus allos subjectatos nunc
  14. Glazed of course by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Of course glazed, the glaze dissolves in the fuel. You don't want to even think about what chocolate or sprinkles would do in there!

    1. Re:Glazed of course by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      I already don't want to know what the chocolate actually is.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  15. Alloy contamination of scrap by sjbe · · Score: 1

    The coolants and lubricants are almost certainly not petroleum based either. So cleanup could be as simple as soap and water.

    Cooling and lubricating fluids are not the big problems. You get alloy contamination from the cutting tools, carbon contamination, and oxygen contamination all of which are either challenging or energy intensive to address. Probably some others I'm not familiar with too. It's typically hard to remove certain alloy contamination unless there is a difference in vapor pressure. There also are challenges with combining scrap feedstocks for recycling because it complicates the process. A lot (over 50%) of titanium that is recycled cannot be purified sufficiently and so is lost to the cycle.

    1. Re:Alloy contamination of scrap by religionofpeas · · Score: 1

      Lubricating fluids are also a problem:

        "It is shown that chip oxidation and adhering cutting fluid are the main sources for chemical contamination of the chips"

      https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co...

    2. Re:Alloy contamination of scrap by sycodon · · Score: 1

      I'm sorry, but dealing with minor contamination like this can't be as expensive as digging it out of the ground and then processing it.

      --
      When Fascism comes to America, it will call itself Anti-Fascism, and tell you to give up your guns.
    3. Re:Alloy contamination of scrap by AHuxley · · Score: 1

      Re "digging it out of the ground and then processing it."
      That results in product that is ready to use and is really well understood.

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
  16. Re:satellites twice as fast and at half the cost by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 1

    Are you two years old?

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    #DeleteFacebook
  17. Preconceived notions by sjbe · · Score: 1

    I'm sorry, but dealing with minor contamination like this can't be as expensive as digging it out of the ground and then processing it.

    A) Where did you get the idea that it is a minor problem? Cite your sources.
    B) Why couldn't it be more expensive? Chemistry doesn't really care about your preconceived notions.
    C) Digging things out of the ground is routinely cheaper than recycling old material for many applications. No reason it couldn't be the case here.

  18. Explain controlled speed? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That's the crazy part of this sentence.

  19. Re:satellites twice as fast and at half the cost by AHuxley · · Score: 1

    Spying. When the bad people use their Anti-satellite weapon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
    The trick then is to have a fast production line to replace what is lost.

    --
    Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
  20. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  21. Waaaaaagh!? by fubarrr · · Score: 1

    >However, manufacturers end up wasting 80 percent of the material using traditional manufacturing techniques

    I can't believe they were actually milling a part that big

  22. Misread the title by flargleblarg · · Score: 1

    At first I thought this said:

    Lockheed Martin Creates Its Largest 3D-Printed Space Port To Date

    Now that would be something!

  23. Enormous? by cybersquid · · Score: 1

    an enormous titanium dome meant to serve as caps for satellite fuel tanks. The component measures four feet in diameter.

    4 feet is enormous? To quote Inigo Montoya:

    "You Keep Using That Word, I Do Not Think It Means What You Think It Means"