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WWV Shortwave Time Broadcasts May Be Slashed In 2019 (qrz.com)
New submitter SteveSgt writes: A forum thread on QRZ.com indicates that the shortwave time broadcasts by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) from stations WWV (Colorado) and WWVH (Hawaii) may be slashed in budget year 2019. [One of the proposed reductions includes "$6.3 million supporting fundamental measurement dissemination, including the shutdown of NIST radio stations in Colorado and Hawaii."] While the WWV broadcasts may seem like an anachronism to some Slashdotters, they remain a crucial component in many unexpected services, from over-the-air broadcasters and traffic signals, to medical devices, wall clocks, and wrist watches. The signals serve as standard beacons for radio propagation, and as a frequency reference for alignment of a broad range of communications equipment. It's easy to imagine that not even the NIST knows every service and device that could be impacted by this decision.
Not sure where you live, buy my WWV clock in the midwest is very "iffy" for reception. A $25 GPS receiver is much more reliable (and accurate). But I'd like to see a $50 wall clock which uses WiFi and NTP - really only needs to connect once a day like the WWV ones, so power requirements would be minimal. If it needs C cells instead of AA, so be it. (Looks.like those might exist now!, via alibaba)
"National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
on 60 kHz. The WWV/WWVH services being cut are on HF (2.5-25 MHz).
The loss of those frequencies will obsolete the older HF clocks, like the Heathkit GC-1000 "Most Accurate Clock" I have in my ham shack. As well as removing the other functions they provided besides time, such as precision frequency reference (zero beat a signal generator or receiver VFO against WWV's carrier, and you know it is exactly on frequency), and the various frequencies throughout the HF band provide useful propagation checks, as well.
Oh well, the $6M they save can pay off a lot of porn stars, or cover the security detail for a couple rounds of golf in Bedminster...
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"In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the militaryindustrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist."
Eisenhower
"National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
Wrong. Not with a department within a department. Do you believe Congress approved the spending for Trump's Space Force?
You really think every time Wilbur Ross decides to take a private plane instead of a commercial airliner that Congress has to approve that?
Plus, if you go to the NIST's own website, this is what they say on the matter:
In other words, they took a program that had been budgeted and decided to cut it. It wasn't Congress' decision, it was the executive branch.
You are welcome on my lawn.
I don't have any good links, but it's not too complicated...
The radio beacon travels at (roughly) the speed of light. That's about 300 million meters per second, so there's a 1ms delay after the signal gets to be 300 km away.
From a technical perspective, all communications (including Internet-based systems) are bound by that same speed, and trying to break that cosmic limit has proven to be extremely difficult, so engineers have done what engineers do best: they cheat.
The "fancy" algorithm is really pretty simple, conceptually: Instead of just accepting a time beacon, the NTP client measures how long it takes to ask for a time, and assumes that the time it receives was accurate halfway through the round-trip time. For example, if it takes 14ms to get a message saying it's exactly noon, that message was probably received very close to 7 ms after noon, so NTPd will set the local clock accordingly. It's not perfect, because the round-trip time might not be symmetrical, but it's close enough for most practical purposes. Using WiFi might add a bit of delay, but as long as the delay is symmetric, it won't be a problem.
The key for NTP is that it's a client-server protocol, so the client knows approximately how long the message was in transit. A one-way radio beacon like WWV doesn't have that, but that also means WWV doesn't need to receive transmissions from clients to function.
GPS is even fancier. A GPS satellite transmits not just a time beacon, but also a message with the satellite's location when the beacon was sent. Once a receiver has learned the locations and delays for at least four satellites, it can start to determine its own location. First, it will compare the satellites' locations and delays relative to other satellites to figure out where the receiver could possibly be on Earth. Then it can use that location to determine the exact delay for each satellite's signal, which is then used (just like in NTP) to compute the actual time.
GPS is superior to both NTP and WWV, because it is still a one-way communication system, but also isn't subject to any network traffic or assumptions about symmetry. With no prior knowledge, a GPS receiver can accurately compute both its location and time.
You do not have a moral or legal right to do absolutely anything you want.
It's also sad how badly misunderstand the US constitution.
The constitution is not law.
The constitution is a framework which all laws must conform. This is a significant difference.
I couldn't disagree more. From the NIST budget request summary:
This budget request is consistent with the administration’s priorities to redirect domestic discretionary resources to rebuild the military and make critical investments in the nation’s security, and keep the nation on a responsible fiscal path.
Funding for discretionary programs is being reduced to allocate more funding for the military and "national security", which I suspect refers largely to the President's idea of border security. That makes it fair game to discuss defense and border security when commenting on the proposed shutdown of the WWV stations.
While we can debate a reasonable level of defense spending, let's use NATO's 2% of GDP standard. US defense spending is around 3.6% of GDP, and President Trump's requested FY 2019 budget increases DOD spending by 13% over 2017 levels. Proposed military spending is outpacing GDP growth. At the same time, President Trump is requesting a long list of reforms and spending cuts.
In fairness, it's necessary to understand the context of proposed cuts. For example, NOAA is proposing to cut VORTEX-SE, which is a project that studies tornadoes in the Southeast US. Taken out of context, one might think NOAA isn't prioritizing the improvement of tornado warnings. In reality, VORTEX-SE was supposed to collect high quality in-situ data for a few events each spring over the span of 2-3 years and fund a number of related research projects, many of which use the data collected during the field campaign. Most field campaigns such as the original VORTEX (1994-5) and VORTEX2 (2009-10) have been just as short in duration. VORTEX-SE has run longer and wasn't cut in FY 2018 because Congress never passed the relevant appropriations bill and kept funding basically at FY 2017 levels in the continuing resolutions. Context is important to understand proposed cuts, such as if a program has already achieved its goals.
I looked for justification for the proposed cutting of WWV stations and I couldn't find anything that explains why these stations are being targeted for shutdown. Absent any good context for why funding cuts for these stations is requested, it's fair to assume it would be a casualty of the President's overall budget goals. For that reason, it's certainly fair game to criticize our excessive defense spending.
You like the "free market", right?
Hypocrite...
Unfortunately, it's NOT a free market. The low wages are subsidized by a host of benefit programs for housing, food, medical care, and what passes for education for the families of the underpaid "undocumented" workers; by effective waivers of minimum wage laws, workplace safety rules, working hour enforcement, auto insurance requirements, and so on.
Citizens and legal residents who WOULD be willing to do those jobs, even at the low pay, need not apply: The employers can't employ them on those terms, since they could later demand the remainder of the legal minimum pay and enforcement of working conditions. Better for the employer to pay cash and, if the worker were crazy enough to gripe, report him to la migra.
It's a government welfare program for large employers and corporations, not for the common man. We pay for it in taxes for direct programs. We pay for it in lowered wages and higher unemployment. We pay for it in astronomically higher health care costs. We pay for it in higher auto insurance rates. We pay for it in low quality education of our children in public schools or by paying private school tutition in addition to our school taxes. We pay for it in shoddy work that has to be redone.
And the next time you hire someone to install a new roof on your house, or put in a new driveway, you're going with the more expensive contractor who doesn't hire illegals, right?
Tried that. In our area we weren't able to find any. When the laws aren't enforced, in a highly competitive market like contracting the businesses are divided into two groups: Those who hire "undocumented" workers, and those who are out of business. So even the licensed, bonded, high-rep, high quality contractors use illegal immigrants. (We know of one exception - in Oregon. He hires only citizens and other legals. And he makes his living fixing up the botch jobs done by the shadier subset of contractors and the "out of a truck - can't find them when it falls apart" "contractors" from the hardware store parking lots.)
Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way