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Brain Scans Can Detect Who Has Better Skills, Research Says (wsj.com)

To gain new insight into how highly specialized workers learn skills or react to stressful situations, researchers are leveraging advanced scanning technologies to look at what's happening inside the brain. From a report: In the latest findings, a team of researchers studied surgeons as they performed surgical simulations and found they could identify novice from experienced surgeons by analyzing brain scans taken as the physicians worked [The story could be paywalled]. The researchers, who described their findings Wednesday in the journal Science Advances, said that the part of the brain involved in planning complex behaviors was more active in the novices. Skilled surgeons had more activity in the motor cortex, which is important for movement. The researchers, who developed a machine-learning system to analyze the scans, also showed that training resulted in a shift toward higher activity in the motor cortex. In total, the brains of roughly 30 surgeons and trainees were monitored while they performed pattern-cutting tasks that are part of professional tests for certifications. The brain-data metrics were more accurate than current professional tests used to assess the same manual skills, according to the study.

39 comments

  1. So which is it? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Learning skills or acquiring muscle memory?

    1. Re:So which is it? by Tablizer · · Score: 5, Funny

      Learning skills or acquiring muscle memory?

      It can be both. For example, learning Windows support gives you muscle memory for Ctrl+Alt+Del

    2. Re:So which is it? by alvinrod · · Score: 1

      Could well be both. Muscle memory isn't terribly useful if your conscious decision making is wrong about which memories should be used. Similarly, knowing what to do is of limited value if you're not capable of doing it.

      Here it sounds like the experienced surgeons rely more on muscle memory, whereas the novices need to do more active thinking. If you're trying to assess how ready someone is, you'd probably want to go with the person who's working from muscle memory more, all else being equal.

      I think it would be really interesting to do similar types of brain scans of musicians while having them play music in different ways or asking them to improvise as part of a group.

    3. Re:So which is it? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You know, like numchuku skills, bow hunting skills, computer hacking skills...

    4. Re:So which is it? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Learning skills or acquiring muscle memory?

      It can be both. For example, learning Windows support gives you muscle memory for Ctrl+Alt+Del

      It sounds like a similar rote process of rebooting a kernel panicked Linux machine. So sorry, we don't support your hardware, feel free to post online so that we may ridicule you for not knowing about this limitation.

      Linux users are the quintessential example of "You are holding it wrong."

  2. Scans Trump, "That's weird, a zero?" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    America's President is a fucking moron and traitor, no scan required.

    1. Re:Scans Trump, "That's weird, a zero?" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Go suck Putin's dick Ivan traitors.

    2. Re:Scans Trump, "That's weird, a zero?" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Go away Boris

      Confused much? Here's a hint: Russian trolls usually are supportive of Twitler. You have things backwards.

    3. Re:Scans Trump, "That's weird, a zero?" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Cool story, Vlad

  3. Standard current-era brain scan stuff... by RyanFenton · · Score: 2

    This is like deciding if someone was rich by looking at how many lights you saw in their entire country by looking at the planet at night from space. With no knowledge of nation borders.

    You can certainly draw a correlation - but not really a good conclusion on any individual.

    Brain scans aren't reading the content of neurons. They're not even really reading activations or activity for certain, given the lack of real certainty on the full mechanics of brain activity. All they're reading is the heat and relative traffic areas of an unlabelled part of the brain, and saying that this is what has happened in other cases. Again - like watching blobs of house lights from space.

    There's other studies that show that experts in a field actually activate LESS than non-experts on a subject - especially genius-level studies, because they tend to find the same answers with less mental work and stress or second-thoughts.

    Avoid trying to base how you want to live your life on studies like these ones in particular. Or at least focus more on the base ideas, and less on trying to imitate the particulars here.

    Ryan Fenton

    1. Re:Standard current-era brain scan stuff... by gweihir · · Score: 1

      And then there are mental things where a novice cannot solve it at all and an expert will. However one expert will take minutes and another will take days, but that difference does not matter, because not many people can get there at all. I think for mental skills, this is pretty much a non-starter.

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    2. Re:Standard current-era brain scan stuff... by cshark · · Score: 1

      All you're really doing at that point is pushing conformity, because your idea of what's "better" is going to diverge a lot. I think it'll be gamed, I think it'll be abused, and I think there will be companies that are absolutely obsessed with the technology. Sort of like the way people fixate on personality tests or blood nicotine levels now. It's one more thing for corporate america to waste their money on. The good news, is that you'll be able to spot the crazy ones. And just ignore any company that insists on using it as part of their hiring process.

      --

      This signature has Super Cow Powers

    3. Re:Standard current-era brain scan stuff... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Avoid trying to base how you want to live your life on studies like these ones in particular.

      Your life yes. The lives of others no. Personally I think these studies are just more of the "We know what's best for you, so shut up and do as you're told" propaganda meant for justifying micromanagement of your life to simpletons.

      Even if these studies were made with all honest intentions and good faith, even if they were 100% accurate, I would still say the above because these studies do not take into account the thing that matters most: Individual Choice. The person in question may not want to be a data entry clerk, a scientist, or pizza delivery boy, even if they have the skills / knowledge / etc. for doing so. Yet plenty of people will try so hard to apply social pressure to move them in that direction and then be offended when the person in general rejects it. Even more so if they reject it while contemplating what to do with their life. In a more authoritarian / totalitarian society, they have no choice at all and the path forced onto them tends to cause them severe depression and a feeling of unfulfilledness.

      Sadly, that's all that this kind of research is really good for on a large scale. On a smaller scale it may be useful as a guide to present options to you, like any career counselor, but the biggest use by far is analytics and control.

    4. Re:Standard current-era brain scan stuff... by liquid_schwartz · · Score: 1

      All you're really doing at that point is pushing conformity, because your idea of what's "better" is going to diverge a lot. I think it'll be gamed, I think it'll be abused, and I think there will be companies that are absolutely obsessed with the technology. Sort of like the way people fixate on personality tests or blood nicotine levels now. It's one more thing for corporate america to waste their money on. The good news, is that you'll be able to spot the crazy ones. And just ignore any company that insists on using it as part of their hiring process.

      I think it will be used as a tool to promote diversity. Much easier to fake this data than real world examples of your skills. It will be much less overtly racist, unlike the (white males | Asian males) need not apply system that we have now.

  4. In unrelated news by ArhcAngel · · Score: 1

    An increase in the diagnoses of brain cancer in surgeons has been reported.

    --
    "A person is smart. People are dumb, panicky dangerous animals and you know it." - K
    1. Re:In unrelated news by HornWumpus · · Score: 2

      /. needs a specific 'not funny' moderation.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
  5. How was "more accurate" measured? by Aristos+Mazer · · Score: 1

    The summary says, "The brain-data metrics were more accurate than current professional tests used to assess the same manual skills, according to the study." How was "more accurate" measured? You'd have to have an objective way of judging level of skill for a given task. A senior surgeon might have rote memorized the wrong action. How was that assessed? This makes sense if it is just looking for years of practice and not necessarily skill of practice.

    1. Re: How was "more accurate" measured? by alvinrod · · Score: 1

      Iâ(TM)m sure there is some way to objectively measure accuracy, but that itâ(TM)s prohibitively expensive or time consuming which is why there are other, simpler measures used for evaluation. The brain scans probably track closer to that best objective measure than the existing evaluation that is used. However, Iâ(TM)m guessing the brain scan method is also probitively expensive, but at least thereâ(TM)s some results to suggest the technology could be useful if the costs could be brought down.

    2. Re: How was "more accurate" measured? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Iâ(TM)m sure, but that itâ(TM)s However, Iâ(TM)m, but at least thereâ(TM)s some results to suggest the technology could be useful if the costs could be brought down.

      You were right about one thing. Buy a phone that works. Sure it's cheaper, but more useful too.

    3. Re:How was "more accurate" measured? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Accurate? In some ways, perhaps. But brain scans have their own set of pitfalls that was not assessed here.

      The scan shows how much fine motor skills a person has while working. Clearly an important metric for a surgeon, but not enough:
      * The surgeon could also have a crippling problem, like bad vision or sneezing at the worst possible moments. And while those are easily weeded out, there are lots of more subtle problems.
      * The surgeon could be extremely skilled in handling the scalpel, and still be a bad surgeon. Don't matter if an amputation was expertly done - if it was the wrong leg or even the wrong guy being operated on. Or removed a tumor with no damage to the tissues around - but didn't notice the second tumor. Similar for a lot of lesser blunders that makes a surgeon "not so great" despite incredibly steady hands.

  6. Not surprising for physical skills by gweihir · · Score: 1

    Especially for ones that need training and experience. Doing the same precision movements over and over again will leave some signatures in the motor-cortex. Whether this has any impact on non-physical skills remains to be seen.

    --
    Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
  7. Wow.... can this tech be used in a hiring process? by mark-t · · Score: 1

    Because that would be friggen *AMAZING*....

    You could figure out who knows their shit from who doesn't without all the expense of a probationary period.

    This would make an awesome bullshit filter on interviews.

  8. Re:Wow.... can this tech be used in a hiring proce by HornWumpus · · Score: 1

    How will you tell my awesome coding skills from my awesome bullshitting skills?

    --
    John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
  9. My brain scan by PPH · · Score: 1

    Right here.[NSFW]

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
  10. Gosh! by lgordon · · Score: 1

    You know, like numchuku skills, bow hunting skills, computer hacking skills... Girls only want boyfriends who have great skills!

    1. Re:Gosh! by LynnwoodRooster · · Score: 2

      What about bo staff skills?

      --
      Browsing at +1 - no ACs, I ignore their posts. So refreshing!
  11. No it doesn't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If you look at the actual figures from the paper, there is huge overlap in the distributions. A group of experienced surgeons, as a whole, is different from a group of novice surgeons. But, ability to predict/detect on an individual level is lousy. More lay press overstating findings.

    1. Re: No it doesn't by jrumney · · Score: 1

      From my reading of TFS, the headline is wrong, as usual. They measured brainwaves during a skill test, and found a pattern correlated with years of experience. The traditional method of actually checking the result of that skill test is not as good at predicting years of experience, since years of experience is not necessarily correlated to skill.

  12. can be gamed... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    To pretend you are a great surgeon don't plan/think about what you're going to do, and while doing the cutting think about some movements that you are perfectly familiar with, regardless of whether or not it makes sense for the task at hand.

    The computer will think you are the best! it cannot distinguish whether you are the best surgeon or just a highly trained wanker.

  13. Wow.... can this tech be used in a posting process by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Just wait till we hook slashdotters up. The collective IQ of this forum will go up.

  14. This will be quickly banned for being "racist" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    I'm sure such scans will soon be declared racist and banned from being used in the hiring process unless it can be shown to select the "correct" mix of races from the applicant pool. There is considerable evidence of certain races being differentiated on skills due to having evolved in different environments. This is no different than having dark skin and sickle cell trait being advantageous in an environment that has lots of sun and malaria, or having light skin and lactose tolerance in an environment with lots of snow and cattle.

    These traits are more than physical, they are also mental. A race of humans that lived in an environment where an ability to communicate meant the difference between making a deal and going home hungry can over many generations lead to a race of people that have much better communication skills. A race of people that sailed at sea will lead to people with a mental capacity that is good at tying knots (eye-hand coordination), spacial orientation (reading maps and stars), a strong sense of hierarchy and teamwork (as it takes a crew to man a ship effectively), among other traits. This, again, also means physical differences like good buoyancy and lung capacity for swimming.

    We see these different traits among races in sports. If you are looking for good swimmers and hockey player then you are likely going to find them among Asians and Europeans because they have genetics that adapt them to the cold and wet. When it comes to runners and jumpers then you'll find them to be mostly of African ancestry, because they lived and died on their ability to take down animals that can run and jump. Therefore it seems apparent that these traits extend beyond the physical to the mental, as mental capacities have their own survival advantages, and will select out over time. I expect these brain scan to reveal this in a way that cannot be denied but will be denied regardless. The only way to deny this is to not run the test.

    You think I'm not serious about this? We've seen this already in entrance exams for city fire and police departments. When the testing revealed that those of European ancestry were consistently scoring higher than those of African ancestry the test scores were declared "invalid" and the city had to take people based on race over their ability to perform the job. I'm sure I'll be called a racist anyway for even pointing this out but I don't care, facts don't care about your feelings. I'm also not saying that all African Americans are unfit to be firefighters or police officers, only that with the testing given the European Americans consistently scored higher on average and therefore more European Americans were selected than African Americans. I expect this brain scan system to show similar trends.

  15. Re:Wow.... can this tech be used in a hiring proce by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Github.

  16. If only they can find those with better *ATTITUDES by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    There are plenty of very skilled people around, however, the number of those with GREAT ATTITUDES is very small.

    If only they can identify people with great attitudes with their scans, HR departments of all corporate settings would gladly pay to have potential candidates scanned

  17. Very interesting by Sqreater · · Score: 1

    Actually "looking" at the development of "muscle memory."

    --
    E Proelio Veritas.
  18. Re:Wow.... can this tech be used in a hiring proce by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I suspect fMRI or similar tech could tell whether technical or verbal parts of your brain were most active. And really good liars, AKA psychopaths show less activation in certain parts of the brain relative to non-psychopaths.

  19. But can it measure- by Daralantan · · Score: 1

    But can it measure the Dunning–Kruger effect?

  20. Re:Wow.... can this tech be used in a hiring proce by HornWumpus · · Score: 1

    I get _paid_ to code.

    --
    John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
  21. Re:If only they can find those with better *ATTITU by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    plenty of very skilled people around, however, the number of those with GREAT ATTITUDES is very small.

    Simply drug the neckbeards ;-)