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EU Ruling: Self-Driving Car Data Will Be Copyrighted By the Manufacturer (boingboing.net)

Yesterday, at a routine vote on regulations for self-driving cars, members of the European Peoples' Party voted down a clause that would protect a vehicle's telemetry so that it couldn't become someone's property. The clause affirmed that "data generated by autonomous transport are automatically generated and are by nature not creative, thus making copyright protection or the right on data-bases inapplicable." Boing Boing reports: This is data that we will need to evaluate the safety of autonomous vehicles, to fine-tune their performance, to ensure that they are working as the manufacturer claims -- data that will not be public domain (as copyright law dictates), but will instead be someone's exclusive purview, to release or withhold as they see fit. Who will own this data? It's unlikely that it will be the owners of the vehicles.

It's already the case that most auto manufacturers use license agreements and DRM to lock up your car so that you can't fix it yourself or take it to an independent service center. The aggregated data from millions of self-driving cars across the EU aren't just useful to public safety analysts, consumer rights advocates, security researchers and reviewers (who would benefit from this data living in the public domain) -- it is also a potential gold-mine for car manufacturers who could sell it to insurers, market researchers and other deep-pocketed corporate interests who can profit by hiding that data from the public who generate it and who must share their cities and streets with high-speed killer robots.

69 comments

  1. Re: PeopleMovers For Slaves by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    HOW did that post get an upvote?

  2. uncopyrightable means manufacturer owns it? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Self-Driving Car Data Will Be Copyrighted By the Manufacturer

    "data generated by autonomous transport are automatically generated and are by nature not creative, thus making copyright protection or the right on data-bases inapplicable."

    Surely stating that copyright protection is not applicable means that the manufacturer cannot copyright it either.

    1. Re:uncopyrightable means manufacturer owns it? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      What I really want to know is if car owners will have the right to be forgotten.

    2. Re:uncopyrightable means manufacturer owns it? by 91degrees · · Score: 1

      I had to reread it a few times to make sense of it.

      The clause was submitted as part of the regulations. If it was accepted then copyright rules would be inapplicable. It was not accepted. This actually leaves the rules in a bit of a grey area.

    3. Re:uncopyrightable means manufacturer owns it? by MrMr · · Score: 1

      Of course it does, but they may now try to obscure the data. That would get into the way of a nice story. By collecting data that can be related to a person the manufacturer will need to comply with the EU data directive. That includes things like the obligation to provide you with everything they have on you, the requirement to remove and forget data after its stated purposed has been achieved and the requirement of informed consent on the re-use of anything they are even allowed to collect etc. Especially large companies will be carefully monitored, because fines are extremely high, and seem to be a new source of revenue for the EU. If I were a cynic I would almost think this decision is intended as a bait for wannabe data-collectors...

    4. Re:uncopyrightable means manufacturer owns it? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      You mean "Yes, I bought a car from you 10 years ago but I sold it. Stop sending me spam and no, I don't need to tell you who I sold it to."
      Because that is essentially what GDPR is, except that they can't just stop sending you spam, they have to remove your name and address (and credit card number and whatever more they have) from their database.
      A couple of years down the line when their computers get hacked you shouldn't have to worry that your credit card information is for sale somewhere.

    5. Re:uncopyrightable means manufacturer owns it? by nukenerd · · Score: 1

      Surely stating that copyright protection is not applicable means that the manufacturer cannot copyright it either.

      Maybe they can't copyright it, but if they are the only ones with a copy (be sure that will be the case) they can still sell it to people like advertisers.

    6. Re:uncopyrightable means manufacturer owns it? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If they are the only ones with a copy - they can keep that copy secret.

      They cant make much money selling it to advertisers; without copyright, the first advertiser could recoup his investment by selling copies of the data to other advertisers.

    7. Re:uncopyrightable means manufacturer owns it? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That phrase was voted down. They aren't stateing that copyright protection isn't applicable. So the implication is that copyright might be applicable.

      Except even without the phrase, it still might not be copyrightable.

      And even if it is copyrighted, the driver chose where to go so the driver definitely would hold the copyright.

      I don't know how they excused voting down the phrase, but one idea is that they did it because it's not needed and doesn't change anything.

  3. Automatic data? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Doesn't this mean that most useful data isn't copyrightable?

    1. Re:Automatic data? by viperidaenz · · Score: 1

      You can make a book that contains the sunrise and sunset times and copyright the book. No one is allowed to copy your book.

      You can't stop anyone making their own book with the exact same data, as your copyright on your book only protects your designed and layout of the actual book, The data wasn't created by anyone, it's just raw data representing something that happened.

      Copyright protects creative effort. If there is nothing creative*, it has no protection.

      * for various definitions of "creative"

    2. Re:Automatic data? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If there is nothing creative*, it has no protection.

      Well, I can create a route. I can make a drawing with my car's coordinates and display it in a graph. Anyway, even if it is foolish, the data that my car generates belongs to me.

    3. Re:Automatic data? by religionofpeas · · Score: 1

      The data wasn't created by anyone, it's just raw data representing something that happened.

      So if I strap a GoPro to my helmet and I bike around the world, I have no copyright on the video ?

    4. Re: Automatic data? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      It won't be your car for long, auto makers will take a page from Microsoft's business model and go to subscriptions. I'm not talking about leasing either. I mean like you can be driving down the road and they push an update with new terms of service and if you don't accept the car stops, and sometimes the update will eject your passenger ... Or maybe accidentally erase all that data we're debating.

    5. Re:Automatic data? by viperidaenz · · Score: 1

      You have the same rights a director would.
      You can't stop anyone else from recording video of the same things you did though.

    6. Re:Automatic data? by MrMr · · Score: 1

      It is a bit weird, but it appears in the EU the situation on this data ownership is now: You can force the manufacturer to provide you with everything they have on you in a readable form (so you legally own a copy of your data) and you can subsequently force them to erase everything they have on you (so they don't own the original any longer).

    7. Re:Automatic data? by religionofpeas · · Score: 1

      I don't think the manufacturers of the vehicles that collect the data are going to stop other cars from travelling the same road and also recording their data.

    8. Re:Automatic data? by nukenerd · · Score: 1

      So if I strap a GoPro to my helmet and I bike around the world, I have no copyright on the video ?

      According to this, no you have not. And if some "improved" GoPro in the future were to radio your data back to GoPro's office (or to anyone they sold the link to) they could do what they liked with it including putting your journey on YouTube.

  4. Results unclear by imidan · · Score: 4, Informative

    IANAL, but I've done some research on database copyright law in the EU. So, in the EU, databases (which aren't necessarily data kept in a DBMS, but just collections of data) are not copyrightable except in case of 'sui generis' databases, which are copyrightable 'if they constitute intellectual creation by virtue of the selection or arrangement of their contents.' The conditions a database needs to meet in order to constitute intellectual creation have always been a little unclear to me.

    Anyway, whoever wrote the struck-down clause was trying to affirm that these data do not qualify as sui generis, and therefore cannot be copyrighted. But just because the clause was removed doesn't make it obvious that the data do qualify as sui generis and therefore are eligible for copyright. I suspect it kicks the question down the road to some kind of court proceedings. But that's just a guess; it'll be interesting to see what happens.

  5. Eyes on you by BlindWillieMcTell · · Score: 1

    OK, so let's say the self-driving car company holds a copyright on the data generated by your movements around town, but Google is already collecting this data and probably a bunch of other companies as well. Does this set up a legal battle when that information gets sold to third parties, as it inevitably will? I wonder, when every corporation is able to track everything we do, will our personal data still have any value to them? If they can't use it to gain advantage, will they still fight so hard to collect it?

    1. Re:Eyes on you by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I read a story about a guy who posted everything thing he ever did every day, even all mundane things like going to the bathroom with details, sleeping, what he was eating, etc. His goal was to flood would be trackers with so much data about him that it would be very hard to find anything of interested to the would be trackers.

      I think I read this about 10 years ago. With "big data" AIs around today (I know they are really AI), I'd guess going through his data wouldn't be too bad for them nowdays.

  6. Kanye Kisses Trump in Oval Office LIVE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Then says "Imagonna let you fuck me". Trump nods head! AMAZING!

    1. Re: Kanye Kisses Trump in Oval Office LIVE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Technically Trump is fucking us all, so not really news here

  7. So will it take an criminal trial to force them to by Joe_Dragon · · Score: 1

    So will it take an criminal trial to force them to give out the data?? Say just an basic civil case they can say no DATA for you.

  8. This is not necessarily bad, but probably will be by Can'tNot · · Score: 2

    The clause which was removed disallowed copyright on telemetry data, but removing it does not give that copyright to the manufacturer. This does leave room for a law which gives a non-transferable copyright to the driver of the car.

    This is unlikely, the party which voted to remove this clause seems to be firmly in the pocket of business interests, but it's not fair to say that they've sold everyone out just yet.

  9. You'd have to assign them copyright by viperidaenz · · Score: 1

    I'm not a lawyer, but who ever does the work to make the data - the owner of the car telling it to go somewhere - owns the copyright.
    It's like Adobe saying anything you create in Photoshop is the exclusive property of Adobe.

    It's either data and can't be copyrighted, it's owned by the owner of the vehicle, or the vehicle owner has explicitly transferred the rights of the information.

    1. Re:You'd have to assign them copyright by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If I carry a video camera around with me and just film everything that comes into my view, then the copyright in that film is mine.

      Why should that change just because the camera is mounted in a car?

    2. Re: You'd have to assign them copyright by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Unfortunately, what creates the "work" is the software, which is owned by the company and licensed to you.

    3. Re:You'd have to assign them copyright by Brett+Buck · · Score: 2

      As a matter of fact, Wolfram Alpha has (or used to have) a very similar assertion - if you discovered something using Wolfram Alpha, Steven himself had to be given credit, or something along those lines. Vis.:

      Therefore, "failure to properly attribute results from Wolfram Alpha is not only a violation of [its license terms], but may also constitute academic plagiarism or a violation of copyright law."

            I am not aware of anyone having made an issue out of it either way (and the software itself is rather useless, for anything I have ever tested it for), but that's in the ballpark with TFA.

    4. Re: You'd have to assign them copyright by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Because when you buy or lease the car they'll have data release as one of the fine print clauses. So you will be signing it away.

  10. What is the problem? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Nobody will mind. How would it hinder arranging a pick up through an app or using the service?

    1. Re:What is the problem? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nobody will mind? Will the manufacturers give out the cars free of charge?

  11. Re:That's the right decision by youngone · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Oh good lord.
    1: When the company sells the car to you, why should the data the car generates remain their property?
    2: What market? Auto manufacture and sale is one of the most heavily regulated industries almost everywhere.
    3: Where you reading the European Constitution? Because TFA is about Europe.
    4: If you were talking about the US Constitution, why would Europeans pay any mind to a 230 year old document? It has next to no bearing on the real world in 2018.

  12. Right to repair? by AHuxley · · Score: 2

    Could this be the EU's way of blocking the right to repair?
    Reading the data from the car and doing repair work is an opening to counterfeiting?
    Would the EU like to see only authorized companies able to use the car data?
    The loss of any freedom to talk about EU car repair on the internet?

    What happens when the car owner violates EU car copyright laws?

    Your car needs a service.
    The car company believes no car should get an unauthorized service.
    You are an unfit car owner.
    Your car will be placed in the custody of the car company.

    --
    Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
    1. Re:Right to repair? by Tranzistors · · Score: 1

      Could this be the EU's way of blocking the right to repair?

      Unlikely. Title of the article is contradicted in summary, which states that the data cannot be under copyright at all, which means neither by the car owner nor car manufacturer.

      The problem remains that independent repair shops still can't access the historical data, which gives authorised shops advantage. However, even if the car owner holds copyrights to the historical data, this is of no use, since it is held on servers that are not accessible to the car owner. For example, if I buy a book that is printed in 5 copies and the author loses the source manuscript, the author would still own copyrights, but I would not be obliged to give the author my book.

    2. Re:Right to repair? by AmiMoJo · · Score: 1

      The EU didn't actually say that the manufacturer owns the data though. The merely declined to say explicitly that the data /cannot/ be copyrighted. So the question of if it can be copyrighted is still open, and in the EU databases and this kind of generated data generally can't be.

      The way this works is that someone objects to a relatively minor addition late in the day and it's not worth holding the whole thing up to deal with. Essentially they just kicked the can down the road a bit, allowing the possibility of a manufacturer going to court to argue the rather difficult position that such data can be copyrighted and should belong to them. In addition to the previously mentioned lack of copyright on databases, the idea that the manufacturer should own the data rather than the owner of the car will be a hard sell since generally you buy software and use it to make something the creation is yours, and the Terms of Service can't steal it from you.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    3. Re:Right to repair? by Rick+Schumann · · Score: 1

      Just as likely this is part of an overall strategy to make ownership of a vehicle unattractive, placing barriers in the way of it being practical. Which is part of a more wide-reaching movement towards discouraging regular (i.e. not The Rich) people from ownership of just about anything, substituting 'rental' or 'monthly service. Make vehicles 'lease' only, and part of the legal contract is that you're required to pay an authorized dealership service department for service.

  13. In unrelated news by bobstreo · · Score: 0

    Immigrants will only be able to purchase/be given self-driving cars (and trucks).

  14. fight it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Spend your free time at local car dealerships, asking to see cars that don't collect data. Leave when they fail to guarantee it. If you're really bored, start the purchase process and back out at the last minute when you "realize" that the cars collect and share data about you that is beyond your control. The dealerships will put pressure on the manufacturers, or they will sell different cars.

  15. Yet another good reason to tax robots by rsilvergun · · Score: 2

    and "Intellectual Property" too while we're at it. If the ruling class is going to claim ownership of everything that's fine, but we'll tax the heck out of it so they can't use that ownership to gut the commons. Or, well, we'll let them gut the commons and go back to the gilded age. Not sure which yet.

    --
    Hi! I make Firefox Plug-ins. Check 'em out @ https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/youtube-mp3-podcaster/
  16. No. I will sell my data to you though. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Let the bidding begin, at $1 per mile of data.

  17. Hell to the no by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If autonomous driving data belongs to the manufacturer, then I won't be buying a vehicle with autonomous features, ever.

  18. Re:That's the right decision by Highdude702 · · Score: 0

    I was with you until #4. The US Constitution is what our country is founded on and what made our country great, technically its been modified a few times so its not 230 years old. There are ways to change it if you want to, its not easy it takes a whole lot of agreeing. That being said I doubt it happens soon. But you were on to something good there most of the way through.

  19. wht about the right to be forgotten? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    should that not apply to telemetry data as well?

  20. who owns airplane black box data? by Joe_Dragon · · Score: 1

    who owns airplane black box data?

    as the same type of data needs to be same say in self driving cars

    1. Re:who owns airplane black box data? by Errol+backfiring · · Score: 1
      Not exactly. An aircraft's black box is a sturdy device that stores data for a certain amount of time (say a few hours). This means that:
      • Old data is automatically deleted
      • The data is not sent to a central server, so it is not collected, unless the aircraft has an accident
      • A special company has to get the data from the device, so you cannot "accidentally" (the Google argument for wardriving entire continents) collect the data.

      In other words, there is no data to be owned, and in the case of a crash the data must be made available to investigators. But nobody asks if the data is owned by the pilots, the manufacturer or the airline.

      --
      Nae king! Nae laird! Nae yurrupiean pressedent! We willna be fooled again!
    2. Re:who owns airplane black box data? by OhPlz · · Score: 1

      Black box isn't the right example. The Malaysia Airlines jet that went missing is a better example. The Rolls Royce engines were sending diagnostic information back to the manufacturer, in which case the manufacturer is asserting ownership of the data. But they probably also "lease" the engines rather than selling them outright. This is what will likely happen with autonomous vehicles.

  21. On that note by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Someone argue that gathering this data, if it is to be copyrighted by the manufacturer, ought to count as a work-for-hire for the owner of the vehicle.

    For if it is to get copyright protection then surely the owner of the vehicle has the most pressing interest that the data be theirs. (This has interesting implications for that already-mandatory black box inside new cars, "eCall".)

    1. Re:On that note by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Completely agree. Just as the manufacturer of Gibson guitars doesn't own the audio copyrights on music made with the guitar, and Microsoft doesn't own copyright on novels written with Microsoft Word, the manufacturer of a car should not own the data generated by a driver's driving performance.

  22. Access and Assistance Bill 2018 by MrKaos · · Score: 1

    If you are in one of the five eyes nations the new class of Access and Assistance Bills our Attorney Generals are negotiating will mean data generated by your car can be legally taken without your knowledge and used as evidence against you.

    See section 27D

    You had better not unknowingly go anywhere or be around someone you should not.

    --
    My ism, it's full of beliefs.
    1. Re:Access and Assistance Bill 2018 by Frederic54 · · Score: 1

      And this is why I'll never own a car that have a Wifi AP/LTE/OnStar/BlueLink/FordPass/etc

      --
      "Science will win because it works." - Stephen Hawking
    2. Re:Access and Assistance Bill 2018 by Bob+the+Super+Hamste · · Score: 1

      I think the solution to that is just have a bunch of people driving around in old British Leyland vehicles with original Lucas generators, points, coils, and plugs. The amount of EM interference from those would likely damage all of the modern sensitive spy equipment.

      --
      Time to offend someone
  23. Re: PeopleMovers For Slaves by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Bots. Same way the first/inital posts are practically bullshit devisive crap only marginally related to the article (usually followed by useful idiots taking the bate and getting worked up).

    Its been a while now that for any real discussion on slashdot you first have to scrole down past all that crap.

  24. Drivers should own the data by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Driving is a performance, and the digital data recorded by driving is the intellectual property of the driver.

  25. Re:That's the right decision by nukenerd · · Score: 2

    Looks like you focussed on whether the USA constitution was 230 years old or not, but missed the fact that it does not wash in Europe anyway.

  26. Gilded age, and then... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Guillotine!

    We know how that ends. It's messy.

    1. Re: Gilded age, and then... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes. It ends with a bunch of unorganized, badly equipped have-nots being slaughtered by the Elite's security. You do not seriously believe you can oppose them at this point in history, do you? You had your chance a quarter of a century ago when you could have stopped globalization. Now it's too late. If you're not a One Percenter or among their willing servants, your fate is sealed.

  27. Re:That's the right decision by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

    Until all the car companies decide to lock up their data in the same way, keeping competition out of the equation. It is the same process by which airlines have those insane business rules that all consumers hate but which all airlines enforce, so you’re screwed.

    We’re going to need legislation to pry that data loose.

  28. are there exceptions? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Who will be recording the garage of the house without the consent of the owner?

    Or its garden, its home facade, its family around the home, etc.

  29. Re:That's the right decision by jbmartin6 · · Score: 1

    Also, the core document plus amendments is not the whole of the Constitution, there is also the entire body of legal precedent. The UK has no written Constitution as a central document, their whole thing is various traditions and precedents.

    --
    This posting is provided 'AS IS' without warranty of any kind, implied or otherwise.
  30. Re:That's the right decision by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Of course it doesn't wash in Europe. It is dry clean only.

  31. Re:That's the right decision by swillden · · Score: 1

    1: When the company sells the car to you, why should the data the car generates remain their property?

    Do you want them to be liable if the self-driving system causes an accident? Since they need that data both to evaluate liability and to improve their system to reduce their liability, that seems like a reasonable trade. If you want to own the data, fine, but then they're not liable for any accidents caused by the system.

    --
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  32. Re:That's the right decision by youngone · · Score: 1

    Why? They still don't need to own the rights to do any of that.

  33. Re:That's the right decision by swillden · · Score: 1

    If they don't own the data, they at least need a license to use it.

    --
    Note to ACs: I usually delete AC replies without reading them. If you want to talk to me, log in.
  34. Re:That's the right decision by youngone · · Score: 1

    Sure, why not? They still don't need to own the data.