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Scientists Have Laid Out a Plan To Search For Life in the Universe (qz.com)

An anonymous reader shares a report: A blue-ribbon panel of researchers chaired by the University of Toronto's Barbara Sherwood Lollar assembled the report at the behest of the US Congress, which asked in a 2017 law that a "strategy for astrobiology" be developed to prioritize "the search for life's origin, evolution, distribution, and future in the universe." The 196-page report does not offer easy access to ET, but the steady drumbeat of scientific advancement it documents suggests an increasingly sophisticated understanding of what we know -- and don't know -- about biology on our planet and beyond.

Indeed, the recently gained knowledge it highlights is the front end of a wave: Only the Viking mission in the 1970s hunted rigorously for signs of life on other planets, and now the first new NASA mission to do so, the Europa lander, is being designed. In the past four years alone, scientists using data gathered by space probes on Mars discovered evidence of past surface water, the presence of nutrients and organic molecules, and methane gas in the atmosphere that varies by season. This doesn't mean life exists now on Mars, but it is helping contribute to an understanding of astrobiology as a discipline that looks at physical and chemical processes over time to determine if the conditions for life once existed or may do so in the future.

Much work on astrobiology is Earth-focused; it is the only place we know life exists and thus is our guinea pig for detecting life from a distance. The Galileo space probe found signs of life on our planet in 1990. The report stressed that recent discoveries of life on Earth that exists without the sun's energy, deep under the ocean or the ground, should inform what we look for on other worlds. Scientists are expanding their understanding of habitability beyond a binary and into a spectrum, which may sound trite, but previous research relied on blunt instruments and blunter assumptions about alien life -- starting with the idea that it would appear on the surface.

59 comments

  1. I thought we were all a simulation by jellomizer · · Score: 1

    We are just aspect of some grand algorithm. I cannot even prove my existence.

    --
    If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    1. Re:I thought we were all a simulation by ole_timer · · Score: 1

      you should read about images on Plato's cave wall...to find out what's really real...

      --
      nothing to see here - move along
    2. Re:I thought we were all a simulation by thebullshitpatrol · · Score: 1

      any emanation of the all is as real as the all itself.

    3. Re:I thought we were all a simulation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Don't feel bad, I can't prove your existence either.

    4. Re:I thought we were all a simulation by Locke2005 · · Score: 1

      If you've never smoked too much weed and had exactly thought, you've never lived, and never taken philosophy 101 in college either!

      --
      I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
    5. Re:I thought we were all a simulation by Locke2005 · · Score: 1

      "I annoy, therefore I am!"

      --
      I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
    6. Re:I thought we were all a simulation by scottrocket · · Score: 1

      you should read about images on Plato's cave wall...to find out what's really real...

      Unfortunately, those shadows are also simulations, as are all of Plato's writings - or so some would have us believe.

    7. Re:I thought we were all a simulation by jellomizer · · Score: 1

      Yes I took Philosophy 101,
      And I am well aware, the argument about a simulation environment (brain in a jar) cannot be taken at value.
      Because we can only operate our life based on how we experience it, and there is no evidence that we are being fed fake data, as fake data would normally just get us killed.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
  2. AC Lays Out Plan To Get First Post by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Mission accomplished my gents.

    1. Re:AC Lays Out Plan To Get First Post by ole_timer · · Score: 1

      -1. too bad you weren't first...

      --
      nothing to see here - move along
    2. Re:AC Lays Out Plan To Get First Post by Civil+Discussion · · Score: 1

      It's interesting... AC's post is a great example of how plans, upon execution, are not guaranteed to have the desired effect. Much in harmony with the content of the original "article". -30-

    3. Re:AC Lays Out Plan To Get First Post by ole_timer · · Score: 1

      i used to say the value of a plan was that it could be changed. fail to plan = planning to fail . what you're saying, or least it triggered this in my mind, is that the outcome is not always known, or maybe never known. unintended consequences can be bad or good, and the effect can't be seen until much, much later. imagine the shock when industrial psychologists discovered that any change is usually good.

      --
      nothing to see here - move along
  3. Europa Lander? by io333 · · Score: 1

    Wow, really?

    Talk about a bad idea!

    1. Re:Europa Lander? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The Epic Monolith shall deter them.

    2. Re:Europa Lander? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      that's exactly what your mom said

  4. My standard response to all other comments by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You didn't read the 196-page article.

  5. To search aliens, not? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    In my dream, a pair of aliens did me a "telepathic pulse" for tormenting me, and later i took it as a joke made by these visitors.

    I don't know the language of this telepathy.

  6. Headline: Scientists announce plan by Provocateur · · Score: 1

    Here is the plan:
    1. Scientists announce plan to search for life in the universe
    2. Extra-terrestrial life find out about the plan (Thanks, Fox News!)
    3. Scientists do the exact opposite of the plan, having fooled most of the universe with mis-direction
    4. Scientists discover intelligent life, thanks to clever ploy in Step 3.
    5. Profit!

    --
    WARNING: Smartphones have side effects--most of them undocumented.
    1. Re:Headline: Scientists announce plan by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's not going to work unless you add a collect underpants step.

  7. This story is less than credible. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "The Galileo space probe found signs of life on our planet in 1990."

    Pretty sure we had signs of life on our planet prior to 1990, without needing to go to space.

    1. Re:This story is less than credible. by MrLogic17 · · Score: 3, Informative

      The point was to test if life could be detected from space.
      We tested that idea using the only place we know life exists.
      The test worked.
      We now have a positive test result. We now know, for a fact, that life can be detected from space -because we did it.

      Now the hard part - look for it elsewhere, and may, just maybe, get a positive result there too.

      The larger point of the article is that while we're using tests for planet surface based life, when there's a decent chance for non-surface life. Therefore we need to expand the toolset we use, because we've become biased based on our test data (Earth).

    2. Re:This story is less than credible. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Thanks!

    3. Re:This story is less than credible. by Civil+Discussion · · Score: 1

      Not that Wikipedia is necessarily reliable, but it seems to give a good summary in this case ( source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... ): // "The astronomer Carl Sagan, pondering the question of whether life on Earth could be easily detected from space, devised a set of experiments in the late 1980s using Galileo's remote sensing instruments during the mission's first Earth flyby in December 1990. After data acquisition and processing, Sagan et al. published a paper in Nature in 1993 detailing the results of the experiment. Galileo had indeed found what are now referred to as the "Sagan criteria for life". These included strong absorption of light at the red end of the visible spectrum (especially over continents) which was caused by absorption by chlorophyll in photosynthesizing plants, absorption bands of molecular oxygen which is also a result of plant activity, infrared absorption bands caused by the ~1 micromole per mole (mol/mol) of methane in Earth's atmosphere (a gas which must be replenished by either volcanic or biological activity), and modulated narrowband radio wave transmissions uncharacteristic of any known natural source. Galileo's experiments were thus the first ever controls in the newborn science of astrobiological remote sensing." // That sounds all techy and jargony, but the essence of it is that in the 1990s, we sent a spacecraft from Earth, and looked back at Earth searching for that things that were familiar to us, and cue Jim Nabors, suhprize suhprize suhprize, we found them. We got real geeky about what we were looking for, but we might as well have been looking for golden-arches signs and litter from people throwing Big Mac wrappers out their car windows. Just because we're able to see what we expect on Earth doesn't mean that we're going to find anything similar on another planet, whether it's a certain spectrum of light from Earth-like plants that we make into lettuce on Big Macs, or whether it's the actual store signs and food wrappers themselves. The geek factor does not legitimize bad logic. We can send spacecraft to other planets or point telescopes toward other planets or regions of space looking for those familiar things, and still arrive at the wrong conclusion, whether we find them or not. Lack of presence of familiar life does not shed light on whether or not there is unfamiliar life. And presence of things that might indicate familiar life do not indicate life, only similarity. Case in point, the methane mentioned above can indicate not just biological life, but could also be explained by volcanic activity, which might or might not co-exist with life, familiar to us or not. // Of note is that the experiment in the 1990s was conducted by the renowned astronomer Carl Sagan who did some great work on legitimate research before he got on TV in the 1980s and then by many accounts got lazy and sloppy with his work, including some real chicken-little antics during the gulf war saying we would all be doomed by clouds from burning oil. // Inconclusive studies based on nebulous experiements by dubious TV personalities used as a basis for assumptions about the universe... not so reliable. -30-

    4. Re:This story is less than credible. by nine-times · · Score: 1

      The larger point of the article is that while we're using tests for planet surface based life, when there's a decent chance for non-surface life. Therefore we need to expand the toolset we use, because we've become biased based on our test data (Earth).

      Right, but this does sort of raise the problem that we don't know the boundaries of what life could be, so devising tests to scan for something that we don't know what we're looking for might be... not very productive. If an unknown form of life is living deep under the surface of a planet, we don't know what signs might be exhibited above the surface to indicate life-- or even that there will be any.

      Not that I'd oppose a little research into the subject, but it doesn't make sense to me that it warrants much investment-- not unless someone can present a convincing argument. Even if we could detect that there are some microbes living under the surface of a planet orbiting Alpha Centauri, I'm struggling to think of what benefit it would gain us. If we could get there and study those microbes, that'd be something, but the mere knowledge of its existence without a means to get there is a bit unimportant.

      Maybe that's just because I already assume that there are other microbes on other planets somewhere in the universe.

  8. Mars by Zorro · · Score: 1

    Step #1 Conclusively prove there is no life on Mars.

    Step #2 Put some on it to create Oxygen.

    Terraforming is hard, best get started.

    1. Re:Mars by 110010001000 · · Score: 1

      You can't. No magnetosphere. You can't terraform Mars.

    2. Re:Mars by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Perhaps there is a way to give it a [strong enough] magnetosphere: http://nautil.us/blog/how-to-give-mars-an-atmosphere-maybe

    3. Re:Mars by Gavagai80 · · Score: 1

      Step #1 is very, very difficult -- particularly regarding life far below the surface in unusual habitats.

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      This space intentionally left blank
    4. Re:Mars by mentil · · Score: 1

      Worse, it's logically impossible to prove something doesn't exist. At best we can be reasonably certain that life isn't widespread on Mars, there could always be an isolated underground pocket of frozen microbes. So far the best we've done is vaporize some soil from a few inches below the surface, and those results can't even conclusively rule out the possibility of life. We've literally only scratched the surface.

      --
      Corruption is convincing someone that the selfless ideal is the same as their selfish ideal.
    5. Re:Mars by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is wrong. While an atmosphere may not be stable long-term due to the stripping of the air molecules from the planet due to the solar wind and the lack of a magnetic field, it could last on the order of millions of years. That is probably longer than humanity and our intelligent descendants will last anyway, but on the off chance they do last there will be plenty of time for them to replenish the gasses that get stripped off by the solar wind.

  9. Re:complete and total waste of time and money... by religionofpeas · · Score: 2

    Different people have different talents and interests. Forcing a biologist to work on a fusion reactor may not produce the results you'd like.

    The purpose is to satisfy our curiosity. I would rather read about the discovery of alien lifeforms, than watch a football championship or play computer games.

  10. Re:complete and total waste of time and money... by ole_timer · · Score: 1, Insightful

    we'll send the tax for that to you then. we turn out too many biologists as it is now, and they probably want their student loans forgiven too. all so you can read something cute.

    --
    nothing to see here - move along
  11. Re:complete and total waste of time and money... by Gilgaron · · Score: 1

    Oh, they could have all sorts of interesting and useful biochemistry. Something living on a nearly barren barely hospitable hellscape could also make a great Step 1 in terraforming someplace useful for humans.

  12. Re:complete and total waste of time and money... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    yeah fuck science!

  13. Curiously by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The Galileo space probe found a marked absence of life at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, beginning in late 2016. Scientists speculate that life may have migrated to a more hospitable location, or perhaps some bacteria or virus wiped out life at that location. Activities by predators causing a localized extinction also cannot be ruled out.

    A seasonal migration to a more favourable climate has been ruled out since life did not return in the Spring of 2017. Displacement due to flooding, storms or earthquakes seems equally unlikely because life would have repopulated the zone.

    More studies are recommended!

    1. Re:Curiously by Locke2005 · · Score: 2

      Oh, there's life there all right... it's just not intelligent life as we know it!

      --
      I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
  14. blunter assumptions by g01d4 · · Score: 2

    blunter assumptions about alien life -- starting with the idea that it would appear on the surface

    Life evolves to fit environmental niches. It's not a stretch to hypothesize that some sort of continual environmental change might also be required for life to kick in - let alone evolve. I think you're likely to see more environmental change on a planet's surface. While you may be able to transplant life somewhere like Europa, the chance of it actually beginning there might be a lot less than if it were more dynamic.

    1. Re:blunter assumptions by Gavagai80 · · Score: 1

      Volcanic vents under the see are more dynamic by any reasonable measure than the surface.

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      This space intentionally left blank
  15. Re:complete and total waste of time and money... by ole_timer · · Score: 0

    sure, but borrowing billions to do that makes no sense.

    --
    nothing to see here - move along
  16. All I took away from this is: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "...life exists now on Mars..."

    THIS IS NEWS, PEOPLE

  17. Re:complete and total waste of time and money... by meglon · · Score: 1

    No one gives a fuck that you want to remain stupider than shit. I'm quite sure some of your prioritize for tax money are stupider than fuck to anyone with intelligence.

    --
    Fascism: An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization. See also: NAZI's
  18. Re:complete and total waste of time and money... by religionofpeas · · Score: 2

    we'll send the tax for that to you then

    Great, please make sure you deduct all the taxes for stuff that doesn't interest me.

  19. Re:complete and total waste of time and money... by Gilgaron · · Score: 4, Informative

    Oh they aren't spending billions on this, I didn't look up what this project would cost, but NASA's whole budget was 20. DoD was 700, by comparison. We'll probably spend more money making M16s than this project will run.

  20. Re: What if they find other creimers out there? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What if we find a planet full of pavement apes? Then on top of the research costs, we will also be facing ruinous welfare payments and discrimination lawsuits. Like we really need another planet full of that shit.

  21. people are blind by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    just go to the other side of the moon, it's like Manhattan there.... But if you want to see it, you should vote republicans in november... (no joke)

    1. Re:people are blind by mcswell · · Score: 1

      I thought it was like Berlin?

  22. Don't assume and dismiss the possibilities by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "the search for life's origin (yes), evolution/creation (don't assume), distribution (yes), and future (yes) in the universe."

  23. The besr bet outside the solar system is teasing out the spectral lines of a star as it passes through the atmosphere of a planet in front of it, and looking for the kinds of complexity you only find with life.

    It requires incredible tech but they're already getting there.

    --
    (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
  24. But what is Winter Sunlight? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It passes through the atmosphere, different in December than October, and yet doesn't seem to disturb the moonlight or starlight.

    For this reason, God sends them a powerful delusion(operation of wandering)(planet) so that they will believe the lie.
    ipfs.io

  25. One issue I see by Locke2005 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Any species willing to advertise their location to any and all possible xenophobic invaders can't be classified as an intelligent species... I'm lookin' at you, homo sapiens!

    --
    I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
  26. How is this possible!? by helpfulcorn · · Score: 1

    A while back there was an article here that said a study showed that there was likely no other life in the observable universe because it isn't blatantly obvious, so this is obviously a fool's errand... or perhaps I can take the crisis du jour and explain that as what happened to them. Like when it was the Cold War, well obviously they blew themselves up, and now it's maybe aliens died off due to climate change (I can't find that article, but I know I read it before).

    In all seriousness, it's good to have some approach rather than simply throw your hands up and assume aliens are exactly like us, have our problems, or our socioeconomic issues, or for good measure care about the White House lawn to announce themselves.

  27. Another waste of money by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This proves how godless scientist are. Beacuse of their refusal to acknowledge God, they continue to be lured by the devil into spending millions and billions trying to discover what doesn't exist, life outside earth. It won't stop until every godless scientist is roasting in hell.

  28. The warning by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I thought we were told to attempt no landings on Europa?

  29. Re:Dear Congress Critters... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    https://i2.kym-cdn.com/photos/images/facebook/000/709/539/6ed.gif

  30. Actually, let's just stay here by SCVonSteroids · · Score: 1

    ... and run ourselves into the ground.
    Let's assume we find a planet full of greenery and what appears to be a booming Triassic. What do you think will be the first industry created out of that?
    Big Game Hunting, anyone?

    People suck too much for our influence to spread across the universe. Let's not ruin everyone else's chances.

    --
    I tend to rant.