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Kilogram Gets a New Definition (bbc.com)
Scientists have changed the way the kilogram is defined. Currently, it is defined by the weight of a platinum-based ingot called "Le Grand K" which is locked away in a safe in Paris. On Friday, researchers meeting in Versailles voted to get rid of it in favour of defining a kilogram in terms of an electric current. From a report: The decision was made at the General Conference on Weights and Measures. But some scientists, such as Perdi Williams at the National Physical Laboratory in the UK, have expressed mixed feelings about the change. "I haven't been on this project for too long but I feel a weird attachment to the kilogram," she said. "I think it is such an exciting thing and this is a really big moment. So I'm a little bit sad about [the change]. But it is an important step forward and so the new system is going to work a lot better. It is also a really exciting time, and I can't wait for it to happen."
Le Grand K has been at the forefront of the international system of measuring weights since 1889. Several close replicas were made and distributed around the globe. But the master kilogram and its copies were seen to change -- ever so slightly -- as they deteriorated. In a world where accurate measurement is now critical in many areas, such as in drug development, nanotechnology and precision engineering -- those responsible for maintaining the international system had no option but to move beyond Le Grand K to a more robust definition.
Le Grand K has been at the forefront of the international system of measuring weights since 1889. Several close replicas were made and distributed around the globe. But the master kilogram and its copies were seen to change -- ever so slightly -- as they deteriorated. In a world where accurate measurement is now critical in many areas, such as in drug development, nanotechnology and precision engineering -- those responsible for maintaining the international system had no option but to move beyond Le Grand K to a more robust definition.
Do we need mass? I'm at atom level with nothing but electric force.
Here is a proton, neutron, and explanation of how they formed, and why they are stable.
An explanation of a hydrogen atom. Next up, why we're a matter universe, and an attempt to pick apart the standard model.
If you've missed any, please step back and read the earlier ones first.
Postulate A: Mass isn't real
Postulate B: the energy in light is also 'kinetic'
Postulate C: Light bind force must be cyclical
Postulate D: only 2 fundamental particles are possible
Postulate E: the only force is electric
Postulate E2: The binding force (Postulate C) is electric
POSTULATE F: The speed of light is obvious
POSTULATE G: Time is measured in spins
POSTULATE H: All dipoles are equal, matter,even red and blue light
Postulate I1: Donut Particles
Postulate I2: Donut Particles are themselves dipoles
Postulate I3: Anti-particles
Postulate I4: Bigger particles twist and break
Postulate J0: How light binds to matter
Postulate J1: A Slit is a phase sorter
Postulate J2: Gravitational lensing is just diffraction
Postulate J3: Electron is a Donut Sandwich
Postulate J4: Binding force is harmonic electric
Postulate J5: Photons from Electrons
Postulate K: How fast do forces propagate?
Postulate L: Warp, Time Machine, Light squared computers
Postulate M: The Hydrogen Atom
Postulate M4: 50% matter 50% anti-matter
Postulate M: Hydrogen Atom
An 'energetic' electron must be the -ve monopole wrapped in an {F2 Donut}{-v2 monopole}{f2 Anti-donut} from Postulate J3. This has the H2 binding wrapper needed to attach to a H2 nucleus slot which is how its binds. (Postulate J4). This F2 donut is what carries the energy.
A non-energetic electron is just the -ve monopole. It only binds (moves) via H0 forces, higher harmonics can only oscillate it.
Since F2 is the only 2 axis symmetric particle (Postulate I4), the +ve version of that, {F2 Donut}{+ve monopole}{f2 Anti-donut} must be at the center of a proton too.
i.e. a positron is at the center of a proton.
And for the positron not to cancel the electron requires another wrapper around the nucleus. To displace electrons one way, and positrons another way so they cannot overlap and cancel. And for the balancing forces that wrapper needs to be another particle/ anti-particle pair.
So we can speculate what a nucleus might look like.
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Postulate M1: Hydrogen, Proton / Atom
The nucleus of hydrogen (a proton) must be wrapped positron.
Proton Axis Y: {f1 donut}{xxxxxxxxxxxx}{f1 anti-donut}
Proton Axis X: {f2 donut}{+ve monopoleX}{f2 anti-donut}
Proton Axis Z: {f1 donut}{xxxxxxxxxxxx}{f1 anti-donut}
Think of the positron standing upright wearing a belt, on the sides of the belt... a f1/anti-f1 donut. Likewise front and back, another pair of F1/anti-F1's.
Looking from the top down: ............{f1 donut} ..........{f1 anti-donut}
{f1 donut}{positron}{f1 anti-donut}
This pushes the positron up and to the left, and when an electron is added, the electron is pushed down and to the right. Note: THE ELECTRON SLOT IS INSIDE THE PROTON. You often think of electrons as circling outside, but it's as close to the center of the nucleus as the positron! This electron is *inside* the proton.
Each of these charged particles is being spun around in 3 axis, so they trace out spheres, separate but in unison. If you measure this by charge, you will think the proton is a sphere of +ve charge, and a hydrogen atom, is an hour-glass shape of +ve and-ve sides, but this is not correct, the +ve and -ve monopoles trace out partially overlapping spheres, you are measuring the net charge of those spheres.
The lowest energy particle possible is the F1. So the wrapper used to keep the electron/positron separate is an F1 donut and anti-donut. The F1 will couple with its anti-donut is why they stick together. The positron in the center is what stops them coll