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NASA Is Outsourcing Its Next Moon Lander To a Private Company (pressherald.com)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine announced Thursday that nine U.S. companies will compete to deliver experiments to the lunar surface. The space agency will buy the service and let private industry work out the details on getting there, he said. The Press Herald reports: The goal is to get small science and technology experiments to the surface of the moon as soon as possible. The first flight could be next year; 2019 marks the 50th anniversary of the first manned moon landing. "We're going at high speed," said Thomas Zurbuchen, head of NASA's science mission directorate, which will lead the effort. NASA officials said the research will help get astronauts back to the moon more quickly and keep them safer once they're there. The initial deliveries likely will include radiation monitors, as well as laser reflectors for gravity and other types of measurements, Zurbuchen said. Bridenstine said it will be up to the companies to arrange their own rocket rides. NASA will be one of multiple customers using these lunar services.

83 comments

  1. Grumman isn't private? by DatbeDank · · Score: 4, Informative

    Last I checked, Grumman was a private company when the 1st lander was made.

    1. Re:Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Government contracts aren't private dingus.

    2. Re:Grumman isn't private? by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 3, Informative

      Last I checked, Grumman was a private company when the 1st lander was made.

      Not the same. Grumman built the lander to NASA's design spec, and then turned it over NASA, and NASA managed the landing.

      This time, NASA will just give the mission, and the private companies will figure out the best way to do it.

    3. Re:Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, Grumman is a public company, listed on the NYSE.

    4. Re: Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I am starting a kickstarter for a moon landing company.

      The idea is we just shoot the payload at the moon. I envision a large old school cannon, but powered by block chained backed artificial intelligence.

      Machine learning crypto currency and cannons are the future of space flight.

    5. Re:Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > and the private companies will figure out the best way to do it.

      And the private companies will figure out the most profitable way to do it, using loopholes in the specs to be able to charge for extra work or to cut on safety margins.

    6. Re:Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Not the same. Grumman built the lander to NASA's design spec, and then turned it over NASA, and NASA managed the landing.

      This time, NASA will just give the mission, and the private companies will figure out the best way to do it.

      Not quite - Thomas Kelly who was a Grumman employee chiefly designed the lunar lander.

    7. Re:Grumman isn't private? by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      I foresee dead astronauts. Redundancies cost money, and unless it's very clearly in the specs, it won't be there.

      But hey, maybe we learn a thing or two from it...

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    8. Re: Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I am starting a kickstarter for a moon landing company.

      The idea is we just shoot the payload at the moon. I envision a large old school cannon, but powered by block chained backed artificial intelligence.

      Machine learning crypto currency and cannons are the future of space flight.

      yes, but why not add a deathstar? it is much more fun too shoot the payload at a deathstar...

      the death will feature a blockchain crypto AI in its Java maker

      ---

      regarding the topic... NASA has outsourced everything.. They are no longer associated with space flight

    9. Re:Grumman isn't private? by rednip · · Score: 1

      The difference is that NASA isn't paying for the parts per spec, but the complete mission as a whole. Previously projects were designed down to the single integration item by a committee including congressmen and the private contractors (who are paying them). The net result is a system where the parts are broken up and scattered by congressional district. That's how the shuttle boosters (and now the solid rocket portion of the SLS, or whatever they are calling it now) are made in Utah.

      --
      The force that blew the Big Bang continues to accelerate.
    10. Re:Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Unless they are stowaways (WindBourne level retarded) there won't be any dead astronauts.

      will compete to deliver experiments to the lunar surface.

      It's the fucking first line in the Summary FFS.

    11. Re: Grumman isn't private? by 110010001000 · · Score: 1

      As long as you build it using Agile, I think that will work.

    12. Re: Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The best way to make a boondoggle

    13. Re:Grumman isn't private? by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

      I foresee dead astronauts. Redundancies cost money, and unless it's very clearly in the specs, it won't be there.

      Presumably, you're talking about the redundant rocket engines in the original LM? What's that? The LM didn't have redundant rocket engines? But..but..how is this even possible, that the Government, of all people, could skip the redundancies that EVIL Private Industry would skip to save money???

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    14. Re: Grumman isn't private? by NEDHead · · Score: 4, Funny

      Using Agile you can continue to update the rocket all the way to the moon!

    15. Re:Grumman isn't private? by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 1

      Last I checked, Grumman was a private company when the 1st lander was made.

      I understand Ford Aerospace was building all or part of the last of them, as well.

      --
      Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
    16. Re:Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Is that really what happened? I know my source is only "From the Earth to the Moon" but my impression was that the specification was pretty high-level and was mostly a set of criteria. Once Grumman were involved the design changed an awful lot.

    17. Re:Grumman isn't private? by hey! · · Score: 1

      And not just any "private companies"; usual suspect, too big to fail, politically connected defense contractors who routinely get paid "performance bonuses" for projects that are behind schedule and over budget.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    18. Re:Grumman isn't private? by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      You identified the probably only part on the LEM that wasn't at least once redundant. And it wasn't mostly because it was near impossible for that rocket to NOT fire. Hypergolic fuels have that property.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    19. Re:Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This time, NASA will just give the mission, and the private companies will figure out the best way to do it.

      Something, something Wayland Corp. Yep, this will end well.

    20. Re: Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The deathstar didn't have women in tights manning the gun.
      http://brainknowsbetter.com/ne...

    21. Re:Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The thing is astronauts know full well how dangerous their chosen profession is and they willingly accept the risks. If they people in actual danger are ready to push the boundaries who gives a shit about what the civilian peanut gallery thinks? And the private companies have a real incentive to make safety a priority otherwise they will lose their investment and miss out on making money in the future. If someone successfully sets up business on the Moon or on Mars than they deserve to profit.

    22. Re:Grumman isn't private? by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 2

      I foresee dead astronauts.

      Then you should re-read the summary. The missions are for robots and instruments. There are no astronauts.

    23. Re: Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You joke, but half the currently operational space missions replaced their entire operating systems more than once after launch.

    24. Re: Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Using Agile you can continue to update the rocket all the way to the moon!

      "Ok, at the end of this sprint we should be 35,000 miles closer. Any blockers?"

    25. Re:Grumman isn't private? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't think they mean "privately held," one of the nine companies in the running here is Lockheed Martin.

  2. Important footnote by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    NASA outsources pretty much everything, even the science. Remember, everything they do has to be calculated against an eventual "so what have you done for me lately?" from the public (and their congressional representatives).

  3. Don't care who by TheRealQuestor · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I don't care WHO does it as long as it gets done. Some of my earliest fond memories were sitting with my family in front of our tv and watching the landings in all their black and white detail.I was 4 and it was the coolest thing I had ever seen that it still is 50 years later. We've done some pretty remarkable things since then but nothing compares to watching a man put his feet on a world other than our own.

    1. Re:Don't care who by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      RTFS. These landings are for robots and instruments not people.

    2. Re:Don't care who by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I would like to see somebody to try to robotically prepare an insulated space in one of the caverns of the Moon and place various instruments there to measure the conditions in such a place during various events like solar storms, asteroid impacts and such. Pure science is what the money should be going, but there is the need for inspirational engineering projects as well.

    3. Re:Don't care who by Opportunist · · Score: 4, Interesting

      You should.

      NASA landing a man on the moon meant that a lot of technology and progress became available to a lot of US companies. If a corporation develops and invents those things alone, you really think they would share that with anyone? They'll take taxpayer money to fund their R&D without giving any of those developments back.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    4. Re:Don't care who by AHuxley · · Score: 1

      Germans make the best TV for the USA to enjoy.

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
    5. Re:Don't care who by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      RTFS. These landings are for robots and instruments not people.

      Who cares as long as we're sending *something* there instead of saying "yeah, we did that a long time ago but haven't been able to do it since"?

      Some of us still want to see NASA getting pretty much anything out of LEO and back to the moon.

    6. Re:Don't care who by NormalVisual · · Score: 1

      Some of my earliest fond memories were sitting with my family in front of our tv and watching the landings in all their black and white detail.

      Same here, but because we lived in Cocoa Beach, we watched the launches outside. There has yet to be anything NASA has put up that was as impressive as a Saturn V launch. Even 15 miles away, they still made the ground shake, and Apollo 17 (a nighttime launch) lit up the sky almost like daylight.

      --
      Please stand clear of the doors, por favor mantenganse alejado de las puertas
    7. Re:Don't care who by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hey! Bots are people too!

    8. Re:Don't care who by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So you want to put the American taxpayers on the hook for literally BILLIONS of dollars because you have some irrational emotional attachment to something that happened while you were a child?

    9. Re:Don't care who by TheRealQuestor · · Score: 1

      Some of my earliest fond memories were sitting with my family in front of our tv and watching the landings in all their black and white detail.

      Same here, but because we lived in Cocoa Beach, we watched the launches outside. There has yet to be anything NASA has put up that was as impressive as a Saturn V launch. Even 15 miles away, they still made the ground shake, and Apollo 17 (a nighttime launch) lit up the sky almost like daylight.

      when I was in bootcamp I was lucky enough to see a shuttle launch and even many miles away you could hear the roar, I can only imagine the sound/feeling of seeing a Saturn 5 go up, Man that would be so awesome. Watching those 3 letters go past the camera was pretty damn cool too though. "U then S then A" Back then it was both new and a spectacle. The shuttle era became almost common place with little to no fanfare. Almost like watching a space bus go up. A really COOL space bus but still.

    10. Re:Don't care who by quanminoan · · Score: 1

      Everything is under ITAR regulations, it's not like any company can call up NASA and request a USB stick of design plans. I'm very curious how much direct tech transfer there was to SpaceX.

    11. Re:Don't care who by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      People could (and did) move freely from NASA to private companies without any gag contracts. Try to find me something like that in the private sector.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    12. Re:Don't care who by k6mfw · · Score: 1

      They'll take taxpayer money to fund their R&D without giving any of those developments back.

      Interesting point, it seemed like back in the days of real space technology spinoffs that also included where individuals can get real techie information to do stuff. One example is Larry Baysinger W4EJA who built a VHF receiver to eavesdrop on Apollo 11 radio transmissions, http://www.arrl.org/eavesdropp... based on available information at the time. These days almost everything on the internet is generic illustrations from PPT presentations.

      The ***good stuff*** is kept closely guarded by these private companies. i.e. nobody knows what SpaceX can do or what its plans are except what Elon says at press conferences.

      --
      mfwright@batnet.com
  4. SpaceX :) by wolfheart111 · · Score: 1

    Give Elon the $, see what he can do with it.

    --
    [($)]
    1. Re:SpaceX :) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It is funny that in the 1980s, the USA killed the South African space industry and now a crazy South African is leading the US space industry.

    2. Re:SpaceX :) by kenai_alpenglow · · Score: 1

      His company can bid on it, too.

  5. Re:In their dreams by wolfheart111 · · Score: 1

    :P

    --
    [($)]
  6. Re:Germany isn't nazi? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Killing Nazi faggots is a proud American tradition, good point.

  7. Re:No moon landings in FEDERAL PRISON by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'm sorry, but in every tv show atleast they show plenty of moon landings in US prisons, just a little different kind.

  8. 20 billion a year by melted · · Score: 2

    And we can't send people to ISS without Russian help. This is a national embarrassment. Russians spend one tenth that. That having been said, it's also like 10 days of Pentagon budget. In any case, I'm pretty sure SpaceX will make NASA obsolete within about a decade.

    1. Re:20 billion a year by 110010001000 · · Score: 0

      You Musk fanboys are nuts. SpaceX just launches satellites. It doesn't do a hundredth of what NASA does.

    2. Re:20 billion a year by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      I'm pretty sure SpaceX will make NASA obsolete within about a decade.
      It won't.
      NASA is a research facility.

      SpaceX is a commercial business.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    3. Re:20 billion a year by MrLogic17 · · Score: 1

      >You Musk fanboys are nuts. SpaceX just launches satellites. It doesn't do a hundredth of what NASA does.

      SpaceX can do what NASA can't.
      SpaceX can do what NASA used to be able to do, for a tiny fraction of what it used to cost NASA.

      You're right. It's nuts to hire someone who can do something you can't do, faster and cheaper than anyone else. What madness.

    4. Re:20 billion a year by arth1 · · Score: 1

      SpaceX can do what NASA can't.
      SpaceX can do what NASA used to be able to do, for a tiny fraction of what it used to cost NASA.

      I must have missed the news, but when did SpaceX put a man on the moon, landed probes on other planets, or did any deep space exploration missions?

    5. Re:20 billion a year by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      when did nasa launch a car into space just because it could?

    6. Re:20 billion a year by arth1 · · Score: 2

      when did nasa launch a car into space just because it could?

      There are several cars on the moon, launched by NASA.

    7. Re:20 billion a year by melted · · Score: 1

      Maybe NASA needs a little more focus then.

    8. Re:20 billion a year by melted · · Score: 1

      SpaceX is also a research facility. Last I checked they're doing a lot of research on reusable rocketry, very large rockets, and other such stuff that NASA can't be bothered to pursue anymore.

    9. Re:20 billion a year by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Oh ... the nitpicking again ...

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    10. Re: 20 billion a year by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      In addition, SX loves working with NASA. Lots of experience, lots of good bantering of ideas. SX will not accept all, but NASA will at least point out issues on R&D that SX is working on. And then add to that, SX and NASA are developing nuke engines. Not sure how closely they are working, but both are sharing tech.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
  9. Re:Germany isn't nazi? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Just goes to show how demonic the muri cans truly are.

  10. New Movie by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Is there new footage in the making?

  11. Re: Germany isn't nazi? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Not at all like civilized European Aryan Ubermensch.

  12. WTF by WindBourne · · Score: 1

    This was already in the making. NASA said big announcement on getting to the moon/Mars, making it sound like NASA was finally working with new space to speed things up. Instead, it is a red herring.

    --
    I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
  13. You're a red herring by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That's the fish that can't stop lying isn't it?

    1. Re:You're a red herring by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You live in China and work for Xi. Obviously, you are as red as they come and all the while, you are lying to everybody.

  14. Re: Germany isn't nazi? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Political violence against the Nazi Party was wrong. Real news said so.

    Heil Hitlary as mandated by the law!

  15. Pay for it twice! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Yay! Now we get to pay for it twice!

  16. Moon landing has Elon Muskâ(TM)s name written by Invisible+Now · · Score: 1

    Space X l has reaction rocket soft landing in earth gravity coded and done in hardware. Moon gravity shoudl be do-able quickly. And who else has ready to go reliable launch capacity at any Scale as these contracts require? Look for a Space X trans lunar orbital mission soon?

    --

    "Knowing everything doesn't help..."

  17. "We're going at high speed" by NikeHerc · · Score: 1

    From the summary: ""We're going at high speed," said Thomas Zurbuchen, head of NASA's science mission directorate, which will lead the effort."

    Why are you NASA nitwits going at high speed? You've had 49 years to prepare for the celebration of the July, 1969, moon landing. I fully realize the NASA of today is more nearly the gang that couldn't shoot straight, but by going at high speed, you are guaranteed to waste my tax dollars and to jeopardize the chances of a successful mission.

    It's way past time to dump the NASA bureaucracy and to build a modern, success-oriented space agency in the same way that NASA succeeded the NACA.

    --
    Circle the wagons and fire inward. Entropy increases without bounds.
  18. Oxymoron by NEDHead · · Score: 1

    The first flight could be next year; 2019 marks the 50th anniversary of the first manned moon landing. "We're going at high speed," said Thomas Zurbuchen

  19. What is Winter Sunlight? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    For this reason, God sends them a powerful delusion(operation of wandering)(planet) so that they will believe the lie.
    Working of Error

  20. So SpaceX then? by trybywrench · · Score: 1

    They should just award it to SpaceX now, no one else is going to come close in term of value/$

    --
    I came to the datacenter drunk with a fake ID, don't you want to be just like me?
  21. What could possibly go wrong? by doggo · · Score: 1

    Great. Outsource more government activities to private industry. 'Cause that always works out well. I mean, look how swimmingly the prison industrial complex is working out. Or logistics for the military.

    What's next? Outsourcing the IRS? Hoo boy.

  22. Here is the list by neoRUR · · Score: 1

    The nine companies, representing seven states, are:
    Astrobiotic Technology Inc., Pittsburgh;
    Deep Space Systems, Littleton, Colorado;
    Draper, Cambridge, Massachusetts;
    Firefly Aerospace Inc.,
    Cedar Park, Texas;
    Intuitive Machines, Houston;
    Lockheed Martin, Littleton;
    Masten Space Systems Inc., Mojave, California;
    Moon Express, Cape Canaveral; and
    Orbit Beyond, Edison, New Jersey.

  23. Not so fast there, space cowboy... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If you read ALL of what NASA has been saying about this over the past 12 months, you see that the subject of this current chat is only a part of the plan.

    Just as commercial cargo(to/from ISS), which was started under the Bush43 administration was a pathfinder to lay a foundation for future possible commercial crew flights - which the Obama administration embraced after the cargo missions proved a good idea, this new plan is to have commercial transport of NASA experiments and NASA cargo to the lunar surface and then expand the service to manned. The companies working on the landers have been told to plan for future up-scaled or up-rated and man-rated future versions.

    For the first time since the 1970s, I finally see a realistic plan that leads to a permanent manned presence on the moon. We may well see people walking on lunar soil again within a decade. After decades of watching NASA try to do anything new with its own in-house engineering and planning, I have concluded the agency (if left on that path) is locked into being a poster-child for timidity, bureacratic scoliosis and professional "can't do" while consuming BILLIONS of dollars per year.

  24. You do not need to be a fanboy to see the obvious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    NASA today consumes bearly 20 BILLION dollars per year and yet it is completely incapable of putting a chimpanzee into orbit (something it COULD do on a budget a fraction of the current one... in the 1950s).

    "a hundredth of what NASA does"?????

    What the hell does NASA currently do?

    Waste mountains of money on unique one-off custom-built space probes that mostly just generate data of interest to scientists but of no real value to taxpayers? It could do far better here - instead of letting people build entire careers on a sinlg Mars lander and risking losing it all on a single launch they couls build an assembly line of smaller cheaper rovers built identically and launched to different regions of Mars. That path would be good for taxpayers but would offere fewer opportunities for careers to team leaders designing and building unique landers. Same for planetary orbiters. Same for space telescopes. Webb will cost BILLIONS before it launches and they only hand built ONE so if its Arianne failes to achieve orbit the taxpayers get NOTHING for all those years and dollars.

    Waste money on aircraft research? There was a time when NASA (with a vastly smaller budget) built x plane after x plane after x plane, constantly pushing the boundaries of aviation. They've done very little on aviation over the past 20+ years; they've flown some model planes to test foldable wings, and blended wing body airframes - but NEVER carried any of this to a single full-scale manned test aircraft. They practically were embarrassed into the new push to build and fly a couple x planes (the new reduced sonic boom plane and the plane with electric motors all along the leading edge of the wing).

    Humans in space? Not so much. They pretend to have astronauts these days, but they are really just Russian cosmonauts who were born in the USA or an American allied country and live in America some of the time - they train in Russia, wear Russian space suits, fly under Russian command on Russian vehicles from Russian launch facilities, dock to the Russian segment of the ISS, and return to be recovered by Russian ground teams on Russian soil at mission end.

    Meanwhile: NASA brags about stunning progress as it converts a space shuttle ET and SRBS into a non-shuttle launcher over the span of 15 years and costing many billions of dollars to be able to transport four people to the orbit of the moon (where Saturn V could place 3 into lunar orbit and 2 of them actually onto the surface 50 years ago). This "new" rocket converts reusable RS-25 space shuttle engines and reusable SRBs into expendables at the very time that Musk is going the opposite way - developing reusable boosters, and fairings, and now proceeding to a sluuy reusable space system that could put a hundred people onto the moon in one launch. THE ENTIRE REASON NASA WENT WITH THE SLS and ORION DESIGN WAS TO SAVE TIME AND MONEY - and it did NEITHER. Orion's shape was chosen because we used it on Apollo and thus we had all the aerodynamic (for flight) and hydrodynamic (for post-flight) data parachute data, abort system data, etc and the taxpayers would not need to spend the time or money redeveloping all that (but NASA and LockheedMartin used the preferred-by-defense-contractors "cost-plus" contracts, so all the data was re-created and no time nor money was saved at all).

    NOBODY at NASA has ANYTHING to be proud of in 2018. Even the new lander is an idiot show - basic landers are stupid platforms when you have the option of a mobile platform like a rover (which can move to an ideal location before deploying instruments and can move about making extra observations after any primary mission objective).

  25. WindBourne weekly roundup(aka which lies this week by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    WindBourne opened strongly with a lie about American beef. Directly contradicting the link in the post he responded to. No excuse for that one.

    Then he quickly followed up with a two for one. Claiming America makes the most Electric vehicles and buys the most efficient air conditioners.

    He was really on a roll, as almost immediately he posted this set of lies, claiming China has the worse air conditioning efficiency (they are better than America) and falsely accusing someone else of lying (even though they showed links).
    He also doubled down on his lies Replying to a linked IEA report with some random blog that didn't even agree with him anyway.
    Thinking that wasn't enough lies, he then falsely claimed again someone else was lying. He also attempted to lie about what his link said and tried to pretend he proved the other person was a liar. Quite a ballsy move, he must have been getting quite desperate.

    Lastly to round out the week he went back to one of his longtime favourite lies. Claiming China is 80% coal.

    So in summary, lies about beef, lies about electric vehicles, lies about air conditioning, lies about coal, and the standard "falsely calling everyone else a liar".

    Will this be the new baseline for his level of lying or was this week just an outlier?
    Tune in next week to find out.

  26. you're an idiot by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How many Russians died on Soviet flights? (hint: it was not zero - and they were COMMUNISTS)

    How many Americans died on the Apollo 1, Challenger, and Columbia missions? These missions were NOT run as private/commercial flights but rather were designed by partnerships between NASA (a government agency) and defense contractors (crony capitalists, at best).

    Nobody has been killed by a spaceflight conducted in a free marketplace, by a private company, operating for profit.

  27. You must have missed WindBournes weekly lies recap by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    WindBourne opened strongly with a lie about American beef. Directly contradicting the link in the post he responded to. No excuse for that one.

    Then he quickly followed up with a two for one. Claiming America makes the most Electric vehicles and buys the most efficient air conditioners.

    He was really on a roll, as almost immediately he posted this set of lies, claiming China has the worse air conditioning efficiency (they are better than America) and falsely accusing someone else of lying (even though they showed links). He also doubled down on his lies Replying to a linked IEA report with some random blog that didn't even agree with him anyway. Thinking that wasn't enough lies, he then falsely claimed again someone else was lying. He also attempted to lie about what his link said and tried to pretend he proved the other person was a liar. Quite a ballsy move, he must have been getting quite desperate.

    Lastly to round out the week he went back to one of his longtime favourite lies. Claiming China is 80% coal.

    So in summary, lies about beef, lies about electric vehicles, lies about air conditioning, lies about coal, and the standard "falsely calling everyone else a liar".

    Will this be the new baseline for his level of lying or was this week just an outlier? Tune in next week to find out.

  28. which one are you? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    https://theconversation.com/ho...

    The system can be traced to the Manusmriti code of Hindu laws, which suggests Brahma, the Hindu god of creation, created four categories of people from his own body: Brahmins from his head, Kshatriyas from his arms, Vysyas from his thighs, and Shudras from his feet.

    This origin ordained an occupational hierarchy. You inherited your caste from your father, and that determined your future. The Brahmins were the priests and advisers – and primary enforcers of the caste system. The Kshatriyas were warriors and soldiers. Then Vysyas farmers and traders. The Shudras workers and tradespeople.

    Beneath the Shudras were the Dalits – the “untouchables” – tasked with all menial jobs, including cleaning and disposing of the dead.