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A Poker-Playing Robot Goes To Work for the Pentagon (wired.com)

In 2017, a poker bot called Libratus made headlines when it roundly defeated four top human players at no-limit Texas Hold 'Em. Now, Libratus' technology is being adapted to take on opponents of a different kind -- in service of the US military.

From a report: Libratus -- Latin for balanced -- was created by researchers from Carnegie Mellon University to test ideas for automated decision making based on game theory. Early last year, the professor who led the project, Tuomas Sandholm, founded a startup called Strategy Robot to adapt his lab's game-playing technology for government use, such as in war games and simulations used to explore military strategy and planning. Late in August, public records show, the company received a two-year contract of up to $10 million with the US Army. It is described as "in support of" a Pentagon agency called the Defense Innovation Unit, created in 2015 to woo Silicon Valley and speed US military adoption of new technology.

[...] Sandholm declines to discuss specifics of Strategy Robot's projects, which include at least one other government contract. He says it can tackle simulations that involve making decisions in a simulated physical space, such as where to place military units. The Defense Innovation Unit declined to comment on the project, and the Army did not respond to requests for comment. Libratus' poker technique suggests Strategy Robot might deliver military personnel some surprising recommendations. Pro players who took on the bot found that it flipped unnervingly between tame and hyperaggressive tactics, all the while relentlessly notching up wins as it calculated paths to victory.

68 comments

  1. It's not Moscow Donald... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We all know Donald Trump works for Russia.

    1. Re: It's not Moscow Donald... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm surprised he hasn't offered to sell Alaska back to them.

    2. Re: It's not Moscow Donald... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If we havent figured what a traitor he is by now you must be living under a rock. All because they sent him an Olympic schedule before anyone else. He said he always heard stuff last so the Russians really stick in his pie hole and explains why he was getting peed on in a Moscow hotel

    3. Re: It's not Moscow Donald... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It was Obama taking cock in his ass and swallowing piss in Moscow.

    4. Re: It's not Moscow Donald... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm fucking unsurprised but still STUNNED that the Republicans in the Senate voted to allow Trump to remove sanctions on Oleg Deripaska's massive oligarchy holdings. Putin's Chef, linked to Manafort, who just went to prison for life.

      And this GOP just lets them get away with letting themselves off the hook, via their obvious constant control of Individual 1. It's really fucking incredible, on par with Trump waking up one morning and giving Syria to Putin on a whim.

      It's beyond obvious. It's treason in the open, admitted to on camera, blathered about in tweets, and demonstrated in actions. And they go along with it, because they think it's in their political survival interest.

      The opposite will soon be proven true.

    5. Re: It's not Moscow Donald... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Here's another great example of someone who doesn't know the constitutional definition of treason. Either that, or he thinks everyone is an enemy and international banking is "aid and comfort".

      Trump (and most former president in the last 100 years) are guilty of treason, just not for the reasons idiot Democrats and Republicans come up with.

  2. WOPR by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    1. Re: WOPR by ememisya · · Score: 1

      Oh look! Another lie detector.

  3. Vanilla Iced, Iced Baby by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    1990s rap superstar Robert Van Winkle, AKA "Vanilla Ice", died today in a single vehicle crash on Route 80 between Morristown and Roswell. He was pronounced dead at the scene by paramedics responding to the vehicle accident and was identified by photo ID found on his body. Alcohol and drugs do not appear to have been a factor in this accident.

  4. Shall we play a game? by alvinrod · · Score: 1

    I'm a little uneasy about this. I'm also uncertain as to how you necessarily go about training this. With poker it's not particularly hard to find real opponents who will legitimately play their best. With this it seems like all you really do is train to to be really good at beating your own army.

    1. Re:Shall we play a game? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "I'm a little uneasy about this. I'm also uncertain as to how you necessarily go about training this." - Well, that's ok. You aren't involved in any way. Feel any way about it you like.

    2. Re:Shall we play a game? by alvinrod · · Score: 2

      The problem with training a bot against other bots is that it might not be good against human players. With a poker bot, you can always find some human players to pit it against, maybe even some professionals who think they can win some easy money.

      You can't do the same quite as easily with a military bot though. Sure you can have it play against humans in field exercises, but you're having it play against your own army. In a certain way you're actually creating the best possible bot your enemy could want. You can try to get around this by attempting to emulate your enemies tactics, but that's always imprecise and surely something that the enemy already expects.

    3. Re:Shall we play a game? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Logon: help games

      'Games' refers to models, simulations and games which have tactical and strategic applications.

      Logon: list games

      Falken's Maze
      Black Jack
      Gin Rummy
      Hearts
      Bridge
      Checkers
      Chess
      Poker
      Fighter Combat
      Guerrilla Engagement
      Desert Warfare
      Air-to-Ground Actions
      Theaterwide Tactical Warfare
      Theaterwide Biotoxic and Chemical Warfare

      Global Thermonuclear War

    4. Re:Shall we play a game? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're not involved in AI in any way, stop critically opining from a position of absolute ignorance. We all have unfounded opines already ourselves. Blow.

    5. Re:Shall we play a game? by AHuxley · · Score: 1

      Re "With this it seems like all you really do is train to to be really good at beating your own army."

      Consider the politics with the US Army, Navy, NSA, CIA, special forces, other US intelligence contractors.
      The math smarts and skills needed, the level of fitness.
      Political changes to the demographics, fitness, quotas, virtue signalling.
      The ability to attract people with smarts and sports skills. To make the US intelligence community take on a different demographics.
      The IQ level and the trust placed in middle and upper levels of the US mil vs the rapid political changes to US intelligence.
      Then mix it up with political considerations. How their side of US politics is doing.
      Does a general, the top level of an agency, law enfacement, talk to the US media about their support for one side of US politics?
      Walk out with secret documents to give to the US media to make a domestic party political statement?

      The US Army and Navy might see such partisan political problems as their time to demand power and budgets back from partisan agency leadership.
      The Army and Navy once did crypto, spying and intelligence to a better standard than todays "agency" contractors. Why not revert to a better more secure leadership?

      The buddy system, lie tests, FBI investigations don't find the political motivated staff in time and they walk out with decades of US secrets and methods.

      What if an AI robot network could make a lot of the US mil work better?

      A party political appointee to an agency over decades would have less access and less ability to talk to the media about things they no longer have access to.
      The robot AI warns the US Army of a next generation of "Tet Offensive" on time rather than what the political feelings are of US intelligence agents to US politics over that decade.
      The AI robot reports to the US Army and Navy every time that the enemy is changing, on the move, activating their spy network in the open..
      The US intelligence agents may be thinking of the optics of politics and their side of politics. Warnings never get passed on as its not their side of politics.
      The robot AI brings raw intelligence back to the US mil and away from the political optics of other US agencies.

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
    6. Re:Shall we play a game? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "vs the rapid political changes to US intelligence." - You don't have a shred of a formation of a clue what you're blathering about, if ever you did.

    7. Re:Shall we play a game? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The problem with training a bot against other bots is that it might not be good against human players.

      You don't know what you're talking about do you?

    8. Re:Shall we play a game? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They are basically building a game theory AI they want to use to create their war games. I would be surprised if they have not already been doing this for years relying on non-AI systems. You train it by feeding it every piece of historical data related to war to formulate tactical and strategic decisions.

    9. Re:Shall we play a game? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'd say he knows exactly what he's talking about. That being said as a person who is familiar with how ML works myself.

      Ensuring that you aren't over training is very difficult, and if you only train it against bots, it's difficult to know if you're over training.

    10. Re:Shall we play a game? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You can't do the same quite as easily with a military bot though. Sure you can have it play against humans in field exercises, but you're having it play against your own army.

      Why against your own army only? As soon as the bot isn't a total idiot in simulated combat, you may try it out against real enemies. (And if you're not in any war right now, surely you have friends who want some support - even a dubious bot.) See how the bot handles IEDs, or sneaky IS types.

      Don't want it captured by enemies? Stuff it with enough explosives to obliterate the interesting parts - the robot do not need to ever give itself up.

    11. Re:Shall we play a game? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Only if the have the AI play the red team.

      The much more sensible use would be for the AI to play blue against the existing aggressor teams and let it optimise how to use your own army against theoretical threats and from observing it refine your standard doctrine.

    12. Re: Shall we play a game? by ememisya · · Score: 1

      Even then this thing is probably just "doing its best". Think about it this way, if you think it's better to have this installed in a critical meeting room than not for reasons of security, and that is exactly what will happen, people will come prepared. Such systems don't know if you're lying, they look at the physiological changes and historical patterns in response to your actions. Okay, let's say if somebody asks you is your name Steve, and it says so on your ID, you might reason, "I don't know? What if I'm named Ron who is in a hospital in a coma for 40 years." Boom, system just showed patterns of hesitation and creative thinking, clearly this person is lying and his name is not John. Peoplr will come prepared and genuinely panick when they have 4 of a kind aces because some maniac called 4Aces hacked their credit cards, maxed them out, insurance didn't cover it all and now they are scared. The machine will grin and go all in, "He's bluffing, he's scared." Aw fuck.

    13. Re: Shall we play a game? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Bot says NK can win* with an all out first stike.

      Win as in take out SK but not save it self

  5. Deepstack (Cepheus?) v. Libratus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Which one would win?

    1. Re:Deepstack (Cepheus?) v. Libratus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      For such a ridiculously simple comment you've shown more knowledge of the subject matter than most here in the subject line alone.

      Just waiting for all the "but how can a bot handle someone who bluffs?"

  6. But how much? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    But how much did it lose?

  7. All hail President Libratus by Kryptonut · · Score: 1

    All hail President Libratus

    1. Re:All hail President Libratus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If the President could play poker we wouldn't be in this mess.

    2. Re:All hail President Libratus by Kryptonut · · Score: 1

      Hence why this robot will take over as President

    3. Re:All hail President Libratus by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      Well, he's pretty used to playing va banque...

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    4. Re:All hail President Libratus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I mean, a system where our POTUS was chosen by a poker tournament... it would weed out a lot of impatient, uneducated and impulsive bad liars, that is true... one in particular comes to mind. Couldn't be any worse than Citizens United...

      You sold me, let's do it.

  8. should not Bezos always win in poker? by mapkinase · · Score: 1

    Obviously I have very little idea of how poker works.

    --
    I do not believe in karma. "Funny"=-6. Do good and forbid evil. Yours, Oft-Offtopic Flamebaiting Troll.
  9. Professor Falken was unavailable for comment by Etcetera · · Score: 2

    Sometimes I feel like the generation in power in both Silicon Valley and Washington, DC have forgotten (or never watched enough) dystopian 1970s and early '80s sci-fi.

  10. More $$$. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Gaming in the casinos of Las Vegas is better than the military contract.

  11. Soon the computer learns by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The best way to win is for both sides to lose, leaving the computer with more power than humanity and ushering in our cyber overlords.

  12. SkyNet, VIKI, MCP, Colossus had to start somewhere by schwit1 · · Score: 1

    Poker seems as good a place as any. But I hope we've learned not to give it the keys to the nukes.

  13. Bad summary by Blue23 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Sorry, but that's a misleading summary for technical news. Libratus did some pretty good playing, but saying it beat four top human opponents is extremely misleading.

    What it did do was play thousands of rounds one on one. With exceedingly large bankrolls compared to the size of the big blind that were reset after every hand. In other words, it never had to play with short stack, never had to worry that the opponent couldn't cover it's own bets, and that really long shots (which are easier for a computer to calculate) can be made to pay off if hit because of the size of the bankrolls were much larger than usual for the size bets being made. And was only one on one, so it had a minimum of unknown information, betting and bluffing. Hold 'em, so 5 common cars and only two hold cards it doesn't know. And thousands of rounds each, so any small edge would have time to multiply.

    Now, it did do this against four top players (each against their own copy of Libratus). It really was quite an accomplishment. But it's not nearing the general poker imperfect-information feint-analyzing multiple-unknowns that the summary makes it out to be. Come on /., be News for Nerds. Get the tech details right.

    --
    LITTLE GIRL: But which cookie will you eat FIRST? C. MONSTER: Me think you have misconception of cookie-eating process.
    1. Re:Bad summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You must watch a lot of movies. In a real poker game the chips on a table are already paid for, you don't have to worry about whether you or your opponent can cover a bet they make and any serious professional player will never play with money they can't afford to lose in that session. Most cash games are generally deep not short stacked. Heads up is a very common cash game format online, it't not some rare contrived idea that doesn't have a real world equivalent. Being a successful poker player isn't about looking for twitches in your opponents face, rather just a string of mathematical optimization calculations.
      As an example: if I am faced with a bluff on the river my decision is not concerned about trying to figure out if my opponent is bluffing in this specific hand as I can't answer that due to their cards being unknown to me. My decision is based around working out approximately what % of the time a correct strategy would bluff in that instance, what the correct call / fold ratio is with a bluff catcher to that bluffing frequency and if I have noticed my opponent bluffing too much / not often enough so I can adjust my ratio to exploit them. That's precisely what this bot does except the bot does it far more accurately.

    2. Re:Bad summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm going to go all in and say you're not a poker professional nor expert. I call.

    3. Re:Bad summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I have played for a living both online and live, you lose.

      In an all in situation if you have $1000 and I have $100 I don't have to find $900 to call your bet. That's not how poker works.

    4. Re:Bad summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      To add background (ldo I'm not going to give my playing names away but I'll go as far as I can to add credibility rather than "I play coz I says so") I played live 10/20 limit holdem for a period then moved online playing 6-max 5/10, 10/20 and 15/30 6-max on pokerstars and then full tilt. Never crushed but with a reasonable winrate plus the very sweet full tilt rakeback for the volume I played the money wasn't bad. Limit holdem more or less died and I gave up on poker for a few years. Eventually transitioned to no limit cash games playing for fun up to 0.50/1 online then realized I could make a heap more playing live 2/5 so I play that on a semi-regular basis now (poker as a full time job sucks, as the saying goes it's a hard way to make an easy living) - live players are truly terrible compared to their online counterparts, precisely because live players barely know the theory and math behind the situations and instead focus on whether they think someones eye twitched.

    5. Re:Bad summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's telling them.

    6. Re:Bad summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ... decision is based around working out approximately what % of the time a correct strategy would bluff in that instance, what the correct call / fold ratio is with a bluff catcher to that bluffing frequency and if I have noticed my opponent bluffing too much / not often enough so I can adjust my ratio to exploit them. That's precisely what this bot does except the bot does it far more accurately.

      I propose that the robot/AI include cameras and microphones to monitor the human players. I believe the AI could learn "tells" at least as well as another human.

    7. Re:Bad summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's the thing though - why try to use tells when the bot will be far more effective aiming for optimal play and then taking advantage of places it finds its human opponent deviating.

      Take for example Hyperborean from the University of Alberta (I think it was them?). It is a heads up limit holdem bot that is unbeatable over the long term. I don't mean it hasn't been beaten, I mean its strategy is proven to be unbeatable. Why? It is unexploitable, nothing an opponent can do can give the opponent an edge. It doesn't need to read tells it just needs to bet, fold, check, call, raise at a perfect frequency in every situation and you can't beat it.

      Tells are grossly overrated and usually used when people don't know how to properly analyze a situation in a hand. For some light bed time reading it's worth looking up the Uni of Alberta papers if they're still online.

    8. Re:Bad summary by Shotgun · · Score: 1

      So, the computer is able to win, because it is optimized for counting cards, with "bluffing ratio" being one of the cards.

      If war strategy is about being able to keep track of thousands of small details and their relative impacts, AI like this would be useful.

      --
      Aah, change is good. -- Rafiki
      Yeah, but it ain't easy. -- Simba
    9. Re: Bad summary by tdelbruck · · Score: 1

      Totally agree, this summary really gets the limitations much better. Not at all clear how heads-up poker translates to war games. They must be working on multi player tourney now?

    10. Re:Bad summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Unless the memory was accessible by the other players (and they understand assembly), this isn't a fair match as the computer doesn't have a tell.

      I think that's probably more important than the calculations being reduced from reality.

    11. Re: Bad summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No. Card counting has nothing to do with this and no deck rigging is involved either. It is about finding mathematical solutions to problems involving imperfect information ie where not everything is known, in this case being opponent cards. Of interest would also be how to profile and exploit opponents in these situations. The optimization and ability to profile how opponents are deviating from what their optimal strategy should be would likely be what the military is interested in if I had to guess.

      Why is it so hard for people to grasp that real winning poker is a mathematical endeavor not a social one?

    12. Re: Bad summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually after re-reading your comment I think you're not that far off. Track lots of details see where opponent is going wrong and exploit.

    13. Re:Bad summary by Blue23 · · Score: 1

      You must watch a lot of movies. In a real poker game the chips on a table are already paid for, you don't have to worry about whether you or your opponent can cover a bet they make and any serious professional player will never play with money they can't afford to lose in that session. Most cash games are generally deep not short stacked. Heads up is a very common cash game format online, it't not some rare contrived idea that doesn't have a real world equivalent. Being a successful poker player isn't about looking for twitches in your opponents face, rather just a string of mathematical optimization calculations.
      As an example: if I am faced with a bluff on the river my decision is not concerned about trying to figure out if my opponent is bluffing in this specific hand as I can't answer that due to their cards being unknown to me. My decision is based around working out approximately what % of the time a correct strategy would bluff in that instance, what the correct call / fold ratio is with a bluff catcher to that bluffing frequency and if I have noticed my opponent bluffing too much / not often enough so I can adjust my ratio to exploit them. That's precisely what this bot does except the bot does it far more accurately.

      I love watching movies with poker, they are so funny. Or watching most of the poker shows on TV when that was big, since they just show the exciting hands and give casual players the wrong idea about how to play.

      I don't have your claimed chops - I never supported myself via poker. But I think you're making some bad assumptions there. Let's check what I was saying that the /. summary was poor.

      Libratus only played heads up. The summary implied it was playing five handed. These aren't the same.

      It played 120K hands, and it never had to deal with the repercussions of a hand because it was reset. It's like if you, playing poker, never had a bad beat that put you at a disadvantage. And never had to worry about covering an all in - or if your opponent had enough to cover yours and make something worthwhile. This also isn't regular poker.

      Basically, it was set up to minimize extraneous inputs (multiple players interacting with each other), minimize unknowns, and could exploit narrow margins over a long period of time (120K hands) without ever having to worry about making a bad play and losing their stake.

      What I said is that the summary was bad in presenting it as a general poker playing savant, and I stand by that.

      --
      LITTLE GIRL: But which cookie will you eat FIRST? C. MONSTER: Me think you have misconception of cookie-eating process.
    14. Re: Bad summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Fair enough. For the record 120k hands is relative small for online players. Some could manage 1k+ hands per hour (hot key software, HUDs and the such make it possible). Millions of hands per year is not unheard of. Bad beats? That is as standard as standard can get for anyone who plays any reasonable hours, serious player or not. General rule of thumb for anyone playing seriously is to have a playing bankroll of at least 20x the buy in for your normal game to account for this - and that's considered on the risky side. If losing the money in front of you will impact your decisions then you should rack up and leave. Good pro players, especially the ones who made it online, won't be playing with "scared money" as it's called. What I'm getting at (the long way round but with some background info) is top online players would be playing quite similarly to how they normally do. Plenty of degenerate gamblers play lots of hours but they're not who we're talking about here.

    15. Re: Bad summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just to add I'm still not sure what you mean by "covering an all in". No limit hold em should really be table stakes hold em. The maximum you can lose in a hand is the amount you had in front of you at the start of a hand. If you start with 1000 and I start with 200 and you shove all in, I call with the 200 I'm playing with. I don't have to cover the full 1k to call.

      As for heads up v 5 max, yeah, totally different games.

    16. Re: Bad summary by mimi210 · · Score: 1

      With poker it's not particularly hard to find real opponents who will legitimately play their best. With this it seems like all you really do is train to to be really good at beating your own army.

    17. Re: Bad summary by Blue23 · · Score: 1

      Just to add I'm still not sure what you mean by "covering an all in". No limit hold em should really be table stakes hold em. The maximum you can lose in a hand is the amount you had in front of you at the start of a hand. If you start with 1000 and I start with 200 and you shove all in, I call with the 200 I'm playing with. I don't have to cover the full 1k to call.

      As for heads up v 5 max, yeah, totally different games.

      Implied pot odds.

      Pot odds can normally have you stay in when you have less than a 50% chance to win, that's joe standard play. But there are times when you have a long shot to get the nuts where it's not just what's in the pot, but what more you expect you can get out of them. If they started then hand with 200 and only have 20 left, there's a lot less potential upside then if they started the hand with 1000 and have 820 left.

      Not that you should call only if they go in for 820, but there are times that if you catch their card and they will have gone in for 120-150 more then it's worth it, but wouldn't be for 20 more then what's in the pot.

      --
      LITTLE GIRL: But which cookie will you eat FIRST? C. MONSTER: Me think you have misconception of cookie-eating process.
  14. 'Em. Now, Libratus' by patilise · · Score: 0

    [...] at no-limit Texas Hold 'Em. Now, Libratus' technology is being adapted to take on opponents of a different kind [...]

    This sounds like a sentence rather than two unrelated apostrophes. Just saying.

  15. Re: SkyNet, VIKI, MCP, Colossus had to start somew by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    For 20 Years the Nuclear Launch Code at US Minuteman Silos Was 00000000

  16. How to pay for Trump's wall by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Put those poker bots to work in online poker rooms!

  17. How to pay for Trump's Wall by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Put those poker bots to work in online poker rooms.

  18. I'm going all in! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    *presses big red button*

    Errr, no thanks.

  19. what a great time to be alive by sad_ · · Score: 1

    we get both skynet & wopr irl

    --
    On a long enough timeline, the survival rate for everyone drops to zero.
    1. Re: what a great time to be alive by mimi210 · · Score: 1

      With poker it's not particularly hard to find real opponents who will legitimately play their best. With this it seems like all you really do is train to to be really good at beating your own army. [url=https://audacity.onl/]Audacity[/url] [url=https://findmyiphone.onl/]Find My iPhone[/url] [url=https://origin.onl/]Origin[/url]

  20. Possibility to refuse orders vital by Roger+W+Moore · · Score: 1

    Sorry but the picture you paint is a nightmare waiting to happen. Making an army entirely beholden to one person's will without anyone anywhere being able to delay, question or even subvert their orders if they give illegal ones is a disaster waiting to happen. It may only be required in exceptionally rare circumstances but a human knows that, under those circumstances, they can almost certainly get away with disobedience (or may just be willing to suffer the severe consequences of disobedience regardless) whereas a computer may not.

    Knowing that a general may well refuse to follow an illegal order and may publicise the order s/he was given also helps prevent politicians from giving those orders in the first place. Having everything under the absolute control of one person is a well-known recipe for disaster. By all means have AI providing advice but unless we have people, with all the flaws and problems you mention above, in command, we will have a disaster far worse than the problems you are trying to fix.

    1. Re:Possibility to refuse orders vital by AHuxley · · Score: 1

      The problem is the political problems within the US intelligence community cant be fixed.
      Generations only want to support their side of US politics.
      The quality of raw intelligence they hold back and pass on depends on their political views.
      Too many split loyalties, people of another nations faith, people of another nations politics.
      Are totally supporting another faiths "freedom fighters" and don't mind using up the US mil to support the "freedom fighters".
      Its then the Army and Navy who gets sent on failed missions by such creative advice.

      Hand back such work to the Army. Try an AI to sort the raw material for the Army and Navy.

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
    2. Re:Possibility to refuse orders vital by Roger+W+Moore · · Score: 1

      If you really have people who have split loyalties then you have to fix that issue first. If you try to avoid it by centralizing all authority in one person then what happens when that one person has split loyalties and puts political ideology etc. over duty to their country? They'll have nobody else with conflicting views to temper their power. Information technology amplifies what a single person can do - if you have a problem with what people are doing you need to fix that first before you amplify their capabilities!

  21. #MeToo ???? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Where are the large on campus protests demanding this CMU faculty member resign or be fired for taking military money?

    Oh yea the liberal arts college is told to not protest what brings in money to the university

  22. Oh it's YOUR fault by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You're the reason we can't have nice things. You took a game, something that's supposed to be just a fun, relaxing diversion from daily drudgery and turned it into a mathematical min/max algorithm to maximize your profits. Your type ruins every game. World of Warcraft being a prime example for the computer gaming market.

    1. Re: Oh it's YOUR fault by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Poker has always been about parting suckers from their money. We're just more efficient at it than the old road gamblers.

      As Rounders put it: "If you can't spot the sucker in the first half hour at the table then YOU are the sucker"