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We'll Likely See a Rise in Internet Blackouts in 2019 (newamerica.org)

We'll likely see a rise in internet blackouts in 2019, for two reasons: countries deliberately "turning off" the internet within their borders, and hackers disrupting segments of the internet with distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. Above all, both will force policymakers everywhere to reckon with the fact that the internet itself is increasingly becoming centralized -- and therefore increasingly vulnerable to manipulation, making everyone less safe. From a report: The first method -- states deliberately severing internet connections within their country -- has an important history. In 2004, the Maldivian government caused an internet blackout when citizens protested the president; Nepal similarly caused a blackout shortly thereafter. In 2007, the Burmese government apparently damaged an underwater internet cable in order to "staunch the flow of pictures and messages from protesters reaching the outside world." In 2011, Egypt cut most internet and cell services within its borders as the government attempted to quell protests against then-President Hosni Mubarak; Libya then did the same after its own unrest.

In 2014, Syria had a major internet outage amid its civil war. In 2018, Mauritania was taken entirely offline for two days when undersea submarine internet cables were cut, around the same time as the Sierra Leone government may have imposed an internet blackout in the same region. When we think about terms like "cyberspace" and "internet," it can be tempting to associate them with vague notions of a digital world we can't touch. And while this is perhaps useful in some contexts, this line of thinking forgets the very real wires, servers, and other hardware that form the architecture of the internet. If these physical elements cease to function, from a cut wire to a storm-damaged server farm, the internet, too, is affected. More than that, if a single entity controls -- or can at least access -- that hardware for a region or even an entire country, government-caused internet blackouts are a tempting method of censorship and social control.

58 comments

  1. Not happening here by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 4, Funny

    It's not going to happen in Canada, where prices are so high that companies have to be investing all those profits in upgrades and maintenance... I mean, surely they're just not pocketing the profits, right?

    Anyway, I think tha -- Hey! Wait! Don't pick up the ph{#`%${%&`+'${`%&NO CARRIER

    --
    #DeleteFacebook
    1. Re:Not happening here by fat+man's+underwear · · Score: 2

      Yeah, hilarious. I just spent the weekend with no internet because the cold weather somehow affected the cabling here. I can live with that but of course I won't get a credit since I am with a bandwidth re-seller, they simply shoveled the blame up to Bell.

    2. Re:Not happening here by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 2

      Which is why you should always have at least 1GB of porn, 5GB of movies and 10GB of TV shows stored locally.

      --
      #DeleteFacebook
    3. Re:Not happening here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You got that backwards. You need 10GB of porn, 5GB of movies, and 1GB of TV shows.

      On the other hand multiply all those by a factor of 10. 5 GB of movies is only 1 (one) movie. Unless you are referring to CATRS postage-stamps as a movie ...

    4. Re:Not happening here by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 1

      In all seriousness, I've been saying this for a long time: we need to establish a robust decentralized DNS system, rather than the hierarchical system which lets central authorities take control. (Aside from hardware, that is.)

      I understand that Namecoin, unfortunate though the chosen name is, has made some progress in that regard.

    5. Re:Not happening here by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 1

      A DVD converted to MP4 is roughly 500~700MB for me.

      --
      #DeleteFacebook
    6. Re:Not happening here by fustakrakich · · Score: 1

      DNS isn't the worst problem. The ISP is...

      --
      “He’s not deformed, he’s just drunk!”
  2. It wuz haxx0rz! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This way we know it's just another fluff panic piece.

    Thanks, msmash, for wasting our time.

  3. not only internet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    power grid is affected too - in on of the (still) industrial countries called Germany the grid is on the verge of collapse - every year in january and february is the same story - the windmills stand still, the sun is too low or there are clouds everywhere yet people still cook with electricity. On 12.1.2019 the frequency fell from 50 to 48.8 - there are industries where taking off the grid on order from the government to easy up temporary spike of demand or fall of production. To some it may come as a shock but there are quite some electrically powered devices between them and the pr0n server of choice.

  4. Satellite Internet by LionKimbro · · Score: 1

    Satellite Internet should help with this, surely? Our boy Elon Musk has us covered.

    1. Re:Satellite Internet by Anubis+IV · · Score: 1

      This is actually what I was thinking. And even if Starlink fails for some reason, Samsung, OneWeb, Telesat, and others have all announced competing satellite constellations. Sometime in the next 0-3 years, it seems likely that anyone on earth will be capable of having high-bandwidth, low-latency Internet access from virtually anywhere.

      It'll be interesting to see how repressive regimes adjust. After all, how will China maintain its Great Firewall when anyone can vault over it via satellite? I sincerely doubt that they'd resort to shooting down satellites, but even if they did, a new one would be coming into range every few minutes.

    2. Re:Satellite Internet by spacepimp · · Score: 1

      Is there some magical new high speed way for end users to cost effectively upload data to these satellites? Maybe my technology understanding is rusty, but one way internet doesn't allow for things such as uploading video evidence of police abuse, or government abuse of citizen rights or similar. How does the end user get his query to that satellite without going through the oppressive regional regime of choice?

    3. Re:Satellite Internet by tepples · · Score: 1

      What prevents sneakernetting the SDHC card to a station with a dish antenna?

    4. Re:Satellite Internet by Anubis+IV · · Score: 1

      Is there some magical new high speed way for end users to cost effectively upload data to these satellites?

      Rather than cost, isn't the uplink problem with geostationary satellites that they have to deal with so many users? Whether with TDMA and FMDA, you end up reserving part of your bandwidth (either as time or frequency) for each and every user to do their uploads. As the number of users increase, you necessarily need to divide your bandwidth into more and more pieces, each of which will be smaller than before, which basically means bad upload speeds for everyone.

      I think that's the problem you're talking about?

      But that problem is far less severe when you're talking about LEO instead of geostationary orbit. Because satellites need to maintain line of sight with their end users, and because being closer to the ground means you see far less ground, any given LEO satellite will see far fewer users than a geostationary one above it. As a result, any given LEO satellite will be responsible for far fewer users, which means that you're carving the available bandwidth into far fewer pieces than you were before. Taken together with the march of technological progress, it seems likely that the problem will be far less severe with this new round of constellations.

      I could be wrong, and I'd welcome correction from anyone with better information (particularly with regards to expected performance for satellites going over major urban centers), but that's my understanding on the state of things.

    5. Re:Satellite Internet by jpaine619 · · Score: 1

      One way internet? Are you not aware that, while asymmetric, satellite internet is two way and has been for decades? 20+ years at least... The very first generation of sat internet used a phone line for upload and the dish for download, but that was a long ass time ago.

      Yes, the upload speed is a fraction of the download speed, but it will get the job done. Hell, most internet in the USA is asymmetric.. Cable, DSL, wireless, etc.. About the only symmetric is fiber..

    6. Re:Satellite Internet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They will tell the entities that are operating the satellites that they need to route
      through Chinese managed firewalls when the satellites are over Chinese territory.
      If they refuse then those satellites will simply be outright jammed when they move
      over China. This will be both expensive and complex to implement, but I dont think
      the CCP really cares about that. Control is everything.

  5. Internet vs Web by darkain · · Score: 1

    The internet is more diverse than ever before. There are more peers and routes now than previously, and this number is ever increasing. I think the author means the WEB is more centralized, as global service behemoths (Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Facebook, Netflix, and others at this scale) take an increasingly larger share of the web based content web consume, while simultaneously making it harder for smaller players to enter the market.

    The internet is quire resilient. The content transmitted over the internet, however, is not.

    1. Re:Internet vs Web by Known+Nutter · · Score: 1

      Is the pedantic distinction between "Internet" and "web" still useful? Especially in the context of TFA?

      Serious question.

      --
      Beware of the Leopard.
    2. Re:Internet vs Web by tlhIngan · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Is the pedantic distinction between "Internet" and "web" still useful? Especially in the context of TFA?

      Yes, because even if a site likes Facebook goes down, there are plenty of alternative mechanisms to communicate. But if a country shuts off the pipes, then there are no alternatives if they rely on the Internet.

      Just because there's no Messenger or whatever doesn't mean there isn't Signal or other means to chat. But if the internet is down, then it's back to regular phone lines and such.

    3. Re: Internet vs Web by Zero__Kelvin · · Score: 1

      There is literally nothing pedantic about the GPS post. It is useful for a number of reasons, the first being that it dispels misinformation. It is phenomenally stupid to say that the internet is becoming more centralized. It shows that whomever wrote that has no clue how the internet works, and makes clear that they have no business being on Slashdot. A tangential benefit is we find out who else, like you, has no idea how technology works and, likewise, should be lurking and learning, not posting.

      --
      Guns don't kill people; Physics kills people! - John Lithgow as Dick Solomon on Third Rock From The Sun
    4. Re: Internet vs Web by Known+Nutter · · Score: 2

      A tangential benefit is we find out who else, like you, has no idea how technology works and, likewise, should be lurking and learning, not posting.

      Oh, fuck off. You'll notice I asked the question. I didn't make a statement.

      Asshole.

      --
      Beware of the Leopard.
    5. Re:Internet vs Web by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is not true. The "Internet Shutdown Switch" installed in the Pentagon post 9/11 just shuts down the "DNS Servers" and does not actually do anything whatsoever to the underlying "Internet" itself. The network still works as it always did -- just the "DNS Servers" are shut down.

      Until the Internet is rebooted of course.

    6. Re: Internet vs Web by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How do you know the little-i internet is not becoming more centralized?

      The story is not about the big-I Internet, it is about the little-i internet.

    7. Re:Internet vs Web by jpaine619 · · Score: 1

      What DNS servers? As I understand it, only 2 or 3 of the 7 are located in the United States.. That means 4 or 5 would be unaffected by a US based "shutdown switch".

    8. Re:Internet vs Web by rtb61 · · Score: 1

      Much easier to disrupt physically. Simply drop in an electron magnetic pulse driver, to repeatedly pulse and not only completely disrupt traffic but damage the hardware across a broad region which would also disrupt repairs to the system, due to the disruption of repair communications and infrastructure and also further complicated by the abandonment of manual systems to fall back to when digital systems fail. You could build one around a diesel generator or probably hack the grid to generate repeated power flows to generate self destructing electro magnetic pulses. You could probably also broadcast them in a set direction to disrupt activities, probably bounce under the ionosphere to get it going past the horizon.

      EMP drivers will be the new weapon in the digital age, not the one of pulse which hardened gear can tolerate but the sustained repeating pulse which disrupt any exposed digital equipment communication links.

      --
      Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
    9. Re:Internet vs Web by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But here in Seattle, most of us don't have faster than dial-up so any interruption means we'll be disconnected completely.

    10. Re: Internet vs Web by fustakrakich · · Score: 1

      It is phenomenally stupid to say that the internet is becoming more centralized.

      No, it is not. Service provision is becoming much more centralized, and too easy to shut down.

      --
      “He’s not deformed, he’s just drunk!”
  6. Blackouts are ineffective, Propaganda more. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    I don't really agree with the summary. Blackouts are mostly ineffective, and represent a last resort of a regime. Once it's gotten to that stage, it's over.

    Far more effective is the strategy of the professional totalitarian states. China and Russia. China has their great firewall and internal censorship. Last I heard it seems to work. Russia has no firewall, but are masters of trolling an manipulation.

    The reason these are effective is that they aren't so noticeable. The best form of censorship and manipulation is the one you don't see, impose on yourself, or are manipulated into thinking is the truth. I'd look for these forms of internet control to expand greatly as the minor players realize this actually works, and "turning off the internet" doesn't.

    1. Re:Blackouts are ineffective, Propaganda more. by green1 · · Score: 1

      Either way though, censorship and propaganda are both easier and more effective the more centralized the resource. It's easy to troll 1 site, it's hard to troll thousands. It's easy to enforce your terms on one company, difficult on thousands.

      Centralized is not a problem for governments as the summary implies, it's exactly what they want.

  7. As intended by green1 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    will force policymakers everywhere to reckon with the fact that the internet itself is increasingly becoming centralized -- and therefore increasingly vulnerable to manipulation,

    The big thing that policy makers have always despised about the internet is that it's decentralized. The more centralized it becomes, the happier they are! It's very hard to censor (I mean, "protect the children" or "eliminate hate speech") a decentralized internet. It's far easier to just knock on facebook's door and tell them to take something down, or to give up the identity of the poster.

    1. Re:As intended by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah. Decentralized. That's a thing youse guys keep squawking about, like it's some big protection or something.

      You know, all that there "de-cen-tral-ized" stuff goes out some very big cables.

      Those are some nice cables.

      Be a shame if something were to happen to them. Anchors and backhoes and all manner of bad things can happen to those cables.

      Satellite? Phaw! I heard of a guy who ran a dish for one of those big satellite companies. Some guy in a truck backed right into it. Pow! No more link.

      Youse might wants to think about an alternative form of communication. I hear carrier pigeons are efficient.

      Take care.

    2. Re:As intended by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You MUST FIGHT BACK against CENTRALIZATION.
      And indeed against all Governments, even yours.
      Watch some of these videos to discover why...
      Search Youtube: Larken Rose

    3. Re:As intended by Kjella · · Score: 1

      The big thing that policy makers have always despised about the internet is that it's decentralized. The more centralized it becomes, the happier they are! It's very hard to censor (I mean, "protect the children" or "eliminate hate speech") a decentralized internet. It's far easier to just knock on facebook's door and tell them to take something down, or to give up the identity of the poster.

      Actually I find that in the modern world they much prefer surveillance to censorship and when they do run active warfare it's more drowning out the truth with noise or curbing the visibility. A block, ban or take down is so obvious and heavy handed compared to just blasting the public opinion with crap until nobody's sure what's fake news and not.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
    4. Re:As intended by green1 · · Score: 1

      And you don't think surveillance is easier on a more centralized internet?

  8. Delay Tolerant Networking ("Bundle Protocol") by fishscene · · Score: 1

    ...all we need to do is get it working on and compatible with iPhone/Android/Computers and then we can literally use any direct-communications protocol to transmit messages. (TCP/UDP/BlueTooth/Radio/SomethingNotInventedYet) It'll be slower for sure, but if it could be game-ified somehow (like Pokemon Go), I'm certain we wouldn't have much of a problem with communicating messages - even over long distances. Centralized infrastructure works until governance is outside the will of the people. And we're getting closer to that every day - the world over. ----------- Did I mention DTN is already being investigated/implemented by NASA and has a potentially great role in emergency communications when infrastructure completely fails?

  9. Shutting off Internet is so 2016 by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 1

    Neo-Venezuela: What are you trying to tell me? That I can dodge the Internet?

    Morpheus-China: No, Venezuela. I'm trying to tell you, when you're ready, you won't have to because we've built for you a system like in Black Mirror where everyone get a citizen rating and if they get too uppity, they can't get loans or rent.

    --
    (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
  10. That's nothing by nospam007 · · Score: 3, Informative

    Not only for political reasons.
    Algeria switches off the Internet during the annual high-school exams.

    https://www.bbc.com/news/world...

    1. Re:That's nothing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's stupid.
      Also, public schools are Government Indoctrination Camps.
      12 YEARS of utterly brainwashing Children into serving nothing but the whims of the State.
      I Pledge Allegience...
      FUCK THAT.
      Search Youtube: Larken Rose

  11. Pockets of centralization by tomhath · · Score: 1

    ...reckon with the fact that the internet itself is increasingly becoming centralized...

    As countries around the world tighten control of the internet within their borders, we can expect to see some governments with relatively centralized internets—particularly authoritarians or those with authoritarian leanings—literally disconnect their domestic internet networks from the rest of the globe

    If you read carefully you'll see that the author's concern is that some countries are building infrastructure in a way that it can be controlled by a central authority. This is always a concern when the state controls communication of any kind, and is a good argument for leaving telephone, television, and internet infrastructures in private hands.

    1. Re:Pockets of centralization by green1 · · Score: 1

      And yet, the author seems to think that this isn't the intention of every government. Saying policy makers should be concerned when it is in fact the policy makers who are purposefully doing this. It's not that they don't understand, it's that they DO.

  12. There's a solution to this problem by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...and it's called the Innernette!!!

  13. Bounty on hackers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Dead, double the pay out. Alive, but with limbs cut off. One and a half the pay out. Alive with no damage, just the pay out.

    They attack banks, hospitals, and any cooperation just hurts people that rely on those services.
    They don't care, so they should be treated the same way. Death

  14. Will someone tell the visionaries? by See+Attached · · Score: 1

    Been to conferences where the "visionaries" are so excited how every flip of a switch will be sent to the cloud, with a followup action to then turn on/off my light. Or.. where my thermostat will signal a cloud services to tell my heater to turn on. What kind of utopia are they expecting? internet goes down and my Heat or lights or toilet dont work? Someone.. .please.....

    --
    Time for a new Political party in the US (or two!) One is off the rails Other cant pony up a leader.
    1. Re:Will someone tell the visionaries? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Dunning-Kruger effect.

    2. Re: Will someone tell the visionaries? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You have it too!!

      But it's not a correct explanation of OP's observation.

    3. Re: Will someone tell the visionaries? by mimi210 · · Score: 1

      has been for decades? 20+ years at least... The very first generation of sat internet used a phone line for upload and the dish for download, but that was a long ass time ago. https://audacity.onl/ https://findmyiphone.onl/ https://origin.onl/

  15. Hornsdale leads the way by tepples · · Score: 1

    in on of the (still) industrial countries called Germany [...] On [2019-01-12] the frequency fell from 50 to 48.8

    It looks like your country needs a Tesla battery like the one at Hornsdale, South Australia, to help even out peaks on the grid. In 2017-12, Hornsdale Power Reserve immediately compensated for a failure at a power plant nearly 1,000 km away. Or is sustained power loss on the German grid during calm, cloudy winter days bigger than even a 400+ gigajoule battery can correct?

  16. How to keep the internet working by AHuxley · · Score: 1

    Build better networks that can take over when one part is down.
    Hire real experts to make that network change over possible at any time.
    Have the needed networks in ready for such events.
    Hire skilled staff on merit who can direct the internet around any networking problems.
    That protects the wider surrounding internet. What a nation does internally to its own telco system is a policy for each nation.
    Any nation can alter its telco system in any way to find/stop "freedom fighters".

    --
    Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
  17. of course it's worse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Wite-Out leaves a sticky film on the monitor. Blackouts do not.

  18. As long as the internet expands... by mschaffer · · Score: 1

    As long as the internet expands the number of anything to do with the internet will likely increase.

  19. DR Congo Shutdown, December 2018 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    During December, 2018, the Democratic Republic of the Congo had a nationwide election to replace their outgoing president, Joseph Kabila. The internet was shut down during the election, making it difficult for parties and candidates to communicate with their constituents.

  20. FUCK kaminsky redirect poisonable DNS alone by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    See subject & DNS suffers from DNS redirect poisoning on a good 95++% of ISP dns servers being unpatched. DNS also tracks you via requestlogs.

    Bring that ARROGANT effete SNOB Paul Vixie in here so I can BUST HIS ASS publicly & DESTROY him for his bullshit (e.g. ala "oh, we didn't think security" you STUPID FUCK, lackey of the "powers that be" motherfucker loser, PhD PILED HIGHER & DEEPER LIAR bullshit artist with that CRAP!)

    * Those things can be avoided by using local hosts files!

    P.S.=> For the best hosts file multiplatform:

    APK Hosts File Engine 2.0++ 64-bit for Linux h t t p : / / a p k . i t - m a t e . c o . u k / A P K H o s t s F i l e E n g i n e F o r L i n u x . z i p (remove spaces between chars & download)

    APK Hosts File Engine 10++ SR-1 32/64-bit for Windows https://hosts-file.net/?s=Down... (DL link @ bottom)

    Soon for MacOS too (I just got a NEW Mac-Mini to port it there too)... apk

  21. yeah, because of Q! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Q has foretold "ten days of darkness"

  22. Don't give corporations a pass by Texmaize · · Score: 1

    Do not forget corporations in your little tirade. Very few have done more than Alphabet to suppress speech or book burn(or its equivalent). Due to technology, no one has been able to censor more people so effetely so fast. With centralization, it could be even more effective at slashing any idea it disagreed with. Just imagine...

    --
    "Liberalism is a very noble idea, currently controlled by some very bad people. Be sure you do not get the two confused.