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SpaceX Seeks Approval For Up To 1M Earth Stations for Its Satellite Service (geekwire.com)

SpaceX just filed a new earth-station license application with America's Federal Communications Commisions, seeking blanket approval "for up to a million earth stations" for customers of their Starlink satellite internet service, reports GeekWire: Those satellites have already received clearance from the FCC, and SpaceX plans to launch the first elements of the initial 4,425-satellite constellation this year, using Falcon 9 rockets.... Eventually, SpaceX wants to build up the network to take in as many as 12,000 satellites in low Earth orbit...

SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has said the Starlink project aims is to provide high-speed, reliable and affordable broadband data services to consumers in the U.S. and around the world, including an estimated 3.8 billion people who are underserved by existing networks. When he unveiled the project four years ago in Seattle, he said revenue from the internet service would pay for his vision of creating a city on Mars.

The application assures regulators that the earth stations will "incorporate advanced technologies to enable highly efficient use of the spectrum and enhance the customer's broadband experience."

39 of 74 comments (clear)

  1. Revolutionary by Dan+East · · Score: 4, Insightful

    If SpaceX pulls this off, it will revolutionize connectivity around the world. Many, many ISP monopolies (companies that have a stranglehold on small isolated populated areas due to buying up their telco or cable) will FINALLY have to compete. There are vast stretches of the United States with utter crap internet offerings. This is going to shake up everything from internet, to the cell phone carriers, to the "internet of things".

    There are many multi-billion dollar companies that stand to lose tremendous amounts of money from this, while the general population of the world stands to gain a great deal of freedom and choice. Again, if SpaceX pulls this off, it will be one of the milestones in modern human history, and it will make SpaceX unbelievably wealthy.

    --
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    1. Re: Revolutionary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Yea but then you have one big monopoly in the sky... remember when googles motto was do no evil?

    2. Re:Revolutionary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      What exactly is the throughput of each satellite?

      Earth surface area is 510e6 km^2. Full equal earth coverage would have each of those 12k satellites will serving 42.5e3 km^2 or a circle with radius 115km. That is going to put massive numbers of people under one single satellite. This can be improved if the network is concentrated between ~50deg latitudes but there is still going to be the issue of, for example, all of New York city served by one link.

      This is a potential boon for undeserved rural areas, oceans, the third world. I don't see any way this can compete with wired ISPs near developed urban areas.

    3. Re: Revolutionary by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yea but then you have one big monopoly in the sky... remember when googles motto was do no evil?

      A business is only a monopoly if people are forced to use it. Like, for instance, today's rural Internet access. If you're lucky, there is broadband cable available to your neighborhood. But because there is never more than one provider outside large cities, a satellite alternative would be good competition.

    4. Re: Revolutionary by treymichaelcook · · Score: 3, Informative

      Nothing stopping other companies from setting up their own satellite networks, well unless SpaceX starts refusing to launch satellites for other networks, and other launch providers can't match the SpaceX price. Anyways though, there will still be competition from other land based internet services; for that matter, Starlink could actually end up improving those ground based networks - many cell phone providers will be very interested in using Starlink to provide the backhaul on their 5G cell phone towers, for example.

    5. Re: Revolutionary by cesarbp · · Score: 1

      Other launch providers can't match the SpaceX price? Lol !!!!!!!!

    6. Re: Revolutionary by treymichaelcook · · Score: 1

      The reason current ISP are able to get monopolies is because of them "convincing" local government officials to give them said monopolies. Satellite internet is regulated by the FCC, and thus has a lot more coverage of the issue. The FCC has already approved of a few other LEO satellite networks, like Oneweb, Telesat, and Space Norway, for US operations.

    7. Re:Revolutionary by timeOday · · Score: 1

      What sort of transceiver will these satellites require on the ground though? Will this require a dish like satellite TV does?

    8. Re:Revolutionary by ColaMan · · Score: 1

      Seeing as you require direct line of sight to the sat (and being about to see multiple sats), people in urban canyons are going to have some difficulty locking onto and maintaining a connection anyway.

      So it might be a little bit self-limiting.

      --

      You are in a twisty maze of processor lines, all alike.
      There is a lot of hype here.
    9. Re: Revolutionary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2

      Except that is exactly what phased array antennas do.

    10. Re: Revolutionary by Kjella · · Score: 2

      You're assuming they'd continue to co-exist, that's not what happens in a natural monopoly. When you have a large fixed cost to build the infrastructure and a very small marginal cost to serve another customer it'll either spiral up (more customers -> lower cost/customer -> more customers -> monopoly) or down (less customers -> higher cost/customer -> less customers -> bankruptcy). If rural ISPs lose any significant fraction of users to Starlink that could easily set off a chain reaction where they shut down and Starlink is the new monopoly in town.

      --
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    11. Re: Revolutionary by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

      Cable broadband beats satellite for throughput in densely populated areas. Faced with satellite competition, ISPs are going to ask themselves, "What is the probability of this area becoming densely populated enough for this higher efficiency to happen?" My guess is that most of the rural places already served by broadband will be places where the cable was installed because the company is betting on urban growth.

    12. Re: Revolutionary by uvajed_ekil · · Score: 1

      SpaceX is essentially irrelevant if you are talking about monopolies, since they don't own access to space. You can pay someone else to launch your competing satellites, or do it yourself without them stopping you.

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    13. Re:Revolutionary by Guspaz · · Score: 1

      You're going to be able to see multiple satellites at once, so the load can be spread around somewhat.

      IIRC the per-satellite throughput was to be roughly 20 gigabit, but would increase over time as the plan was for the satellites to have a five year lifespan.

      They've never planned to be able to fully serve dense urban populations. IIRC Musk was quoted as saying that they would only be able to handle around 10% of the potential demand in a big urban area. A significant proportion of the world population lives outside of dense urban cores, however.

      If the network is successful, it's possible they may increase the total number of satellites in the future.

    14. Re:Revolutionary by Guspaz · · Score: 1

      A flat phased antenna array roughly the size and shape of a pizza box or laptop computer.

    15. Re:Revolutionary by RespekMyAthorati · · Score: 1

      But how does this relate to 5G?

  2. Is anyone else concerned... by Pollux · · Score: 1, Interesting

    Eventually, SpaceX wants to build up the network to take in as many as 12,000 satellites in low Earth orbit...

    That's fifteen times the number of satellites we currently have in low-Earth orbit. Is anyone else concerned that we may run out of satellite space? Or, alternatively, that every satellite we put up in the atmosphere has a greater likelihood of being struck by a meteor, adding to the minefield of space dust already in LEO?

    Interestingly, I just watched Real Engineering's video of SpaceX's StarHopper construction just last night. And I didn't know how incredibly thin the walls of a rocket are, and that they are pressurized to retain rigidity. So, imagine the catastrophic destruction that would occur if one of our launches collided with a satellite, or a space dust minefield?

    If only one company is asking for 12,000 low-Earth orbit satellites, what happens when one hundred more make the same request? What happens when Indian, Chinese, and Russian companies make the same request? While I don't know whether we'll ever see anything as bad as that one scene from Wall-E, but it feels like we're inching closer to that reality each day.

    1. Re:Is anyone else concerned... by mentil · · Score: 5, Interesting

      LEO has enough atmospheric drag that without regular boosts, debris/satellites will deorbit and burn up within a few months. There won't be a permanent debris field in LEO. Furthermore, satellites are small. At the same altitude, they're all traveling at the same speed to maintain orbit. Reaching end to end on the surface of the Earth, imagine how many cars could drive with a few cars' lengths between them. Now reduce that to 1 cars' length because you know the satellites are never going to slam on their brakes. Also LEO has a larger diameter than the equator, so bump that up by a bit. It's a very large number. Then there are other orbit angles and slightly different altitudes...

      --
      Corruption is convincing someone that the selfless ideal is the same as their selfish ideal.
    2. Re:Is anyone else concerned... by treymichaelcook · · Score: 5, Informative

      To add some math about the amount of available space - the Earth has a surface area of 510 million square kilometers. Give each satellite a comfortable 25x25km block (625km^2) area in its orbit, and each plane can hold over 800,000 satellites. Add in that in the LEO orbits these satellites are in will bring any debris or broken satellites down in 10 years or so, and things will be fine.

    3. Re:Is anyone else concerned... by PolygamousRanchKid+ · · Score: 1

      Or, alternatively, that every satellite we put up in the atmosphere has a greater likelihood of being struck by a meteor, adding to the minefield of space dust already in LEO?

      What a brilliant idea to protect us from meteors becoming meteorites: A Meteor Minefield! All Musk needs to do, it to put plenty of high explosives in his satellites.

      And, if Musk upgrades to nukes on his satellites, we will be protected against asteroid Earth impacts, as well.

      --
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    4. Re: Is anyone else concerned... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Some good points, although keep in mind that all the “other orbit angles and slightly different altitudes” also must pass directly over the equator twice on each orbit.

      This makes the equator a busy place: if you have 100,000 satellites in orbit, then you have 200,000 crossings of it every orbit period (90min or so for LEO).

      Also, because the crossing locations are not random but instead occur in slowly drifting patterns due to periodicity and variations in orbital parameter, it is easier for satellite pairs that are initially not conflicting to later “find” each other and collide.

    5. Re:Is anyone else concerned... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Drag isn't an issue at the altitudes they (SpaceX and others) have been proposing for these huge LEO constellations.

      A lot of the proposed constellations are polar orbits in some sort of Walker configuration. That is a lot of satellites bunching up over the poles at the same time. A hair of eccentricity can probably alleviate issues there (you can't have different orbit sizes or the constellation will fall apart but you can have the altitude vary although keeping the phasing good may be complicated).

      Even so, I'm less concerned about collisions than launch windows. My concern there may simply be due to not having worked that problem before.

  3. Bring It On by mentil · · Score: 1

    The first ISP I might actually trust not to be an oligopolist nightmare of a company.

    --
    Corruption is convincing someone that the selfless ideal is the same as their selfish ideal.
    1. Re:Bring It On by 110010001000 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Good point. SpaceX is owned by an ex-Paypal executive.

  4. Problem for Astronomical Photography? by irchans · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I wonder if thousands of satellites will mess up astronomy. Right now, when I take a 30 minute exposure, it is very unusual for a satellite to pass through the frame destroying the image. (Maybe a few times per thousand hours of observing.) But with thousands of satellites or potentially one day millions of satellites...

    1. Re:Problem for Astronomical Photography? by treymichaelcook · · Score: 1

      If the BFR/Starship is anywhere near as cheap as Ol'Musky is projecting, setting up a bunch of satellite telescopes in higher orbits will be possible. That should easily more than make up for any data lost from existing telescopes getting more contaminated data.

    2. Re:Problem for Astronomical Photography? by fazig · · Score: 1

      Afraid of the Dyson swarm isolating Earth from the rest of the universe?

    3. Re:Problem for Astronomical Photography? by thegarbz · · Score: 1

      Only if you continue doing astronomy the way you do. Why should a satellite ruin your image? Take 3x 10min shots, or better still 3x30min shots and set your rejection algorithms when you stack to remove the satellite completely.

      If you can track a comet and have the resulting stacking algorithm produce an image completely without stars in the background then a satellite won't be much of a problem.

  5. Problems with satellite internet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    My parents live in a rural area and had a satellite internet service through Dish Network called Wild Blue. There are a few problems with satellite internet that I feel one would need to solve before making a true replacement for wired or wireless internet.

    1) Weather dependent - Our satellite internet could go out if it was too cloudy, raining, snowing, any kind of a storm, or sometimes on mostly sunny days when a group of clouds just happened to pass through. Very annoying, but not truly awful.

    2) Latency issues - Satellite internet typically has a half second delay as the information is beamed up and down. This makes gaming on it difficult at best. Streaming wasn't a big thing for us, so I can't really comment on that. The delay was also very annoying for just browsing web pages though.

    3) Cost and data cap - It was very expensive for us, along the lines of $80+ a month for what could be considered slightly above DSL speeds with a low rolling data cap. Which was enough to browse the web and do a few other things, but still horrible for downloading large files. Windows update used to cause headaches when they would release a patch that would take up 10%+ of our monthly data cap.

    4) Finding a spot - One thing to note is that Wild Blue required a space about 3-4ft from the house with a clear view of the southern sky. Which we had, but I talked to the technician and he was telling me that places like New Hampshire were impossible to use satellite internet because of this restriction.

    It is an option for people living in rural areas and it can be a good one when nothing else is available. My parents moved off of satellite when Verizon brought out their wireless internet for residential homes and were happier with the new service. If those issues outlined above can be solved then it might be a better option than some others, but I don't hold out the highest hope for some of them.

    Just my experience and thoughts on the subject.

    1. Re: Problems with satellite internet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      These are LEO (low earth orbit) which, compared to the existing satellite providers, definitely solves the latency issue, and I imagine helps with the weather problem.

    2. Re:Problems with satellite internet by treymichaelcook · · Score: 2

      LEO satellites are much closer to the Earth than the existing internet satellites, which are way up in a geostationary orbit; that and the much larger number of satellites fixes most of the issues you mentioned. Being closer means the latency should be in the 25-50ms range, comparable to existing cable, and the larger number of satellites should mean much higher bandwidth and data caps for each customer. It will also help with the weather issue. Another thing to consider is that Starlink will also end up making the rural cellphone service your parents switched to better - Starlink will be highly suitable for the backhaul on rural cell towers.

  6. Re:Terrible idea... by 110010001000 · · Score: 1

    Who cares? There is money to be made.

  7. Stupititary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    It will cause the loss of stable terrestrial infrastructure, and put it up in space where China, Russia, or USA can destroy it for everybody.

    Essential communication doesn't belong in space.

  8. Re: No, You May Not by c6gunner · · Score: 1

    A) Your comment, maybe, global internet access, no.
    B) Millions of receivers will be tracking them. They kinda have to, if you want your internets.
    C) What's a "sky mess", exactly, and what kind of dealing do you imagine is required?
    D) It's not incorrect because most people don't believe it; it's incorrect because it's retarded, and that's why people don't believe it.
    E) Someone has mentioned a lot of stupid shit.
    F) No.
    G) No.
    H) If SpaceX goes out of business others will be quite happy to buy those satellites on the cheap. If by some miracle nobody is, then they go to waste. No big deal either way.
    I) What? How is this even .... WHAT??
    J) They get replaced on a regular basis with new ones. Did you just arrive in the 21st century today? Go ask the local ISP what happens when their equient gets obsoleted.
    K) No, you tell them go right ahead.
    L) Yes, a ridiculously unlikely event will become slightly less ridiculously unlikely.

  9. Re:Terrible idea... by ColaMan · · Score: 1

    Not if SpaceX cuts a deal allowing the armed forces to have global internet access on the cheap, and word on the street is that the government is very interested in that.

    --

    You are in a twisty maze of processor lines, all alike.
    There is a lot of hype here.
  10. Re:Earth stations? by Guspaz · · Score: 1

    Earth stations in this context mean individual customers.

  11. Earth Station for Boats by John.Banister · · Score: 1

    As someone who works on boats at sea, the prospect of having personal broadband at work is a dream come true. However, considering that they're steel boats (so the decks will reflect the signal), what is needed is a way to use a single antenna on the top of the vessel to connect with multiple customers inside the vessel. Employers aren't going to want to pay for very much data for employees, and as an employee, I'd rather pay for my own, so as not to be restricted by what my employer might allocate. I expect that the equivalent of a Wilson cellular booster wouldn't be ideal, as frequency used by the satellite wouldn't necessarily be ideal for use indoors. What would be ideal is something that translated the satellite signal to and from wifi and allowed customers to individually log on to their SpaceX reseller account via a smartphone app. In fact, it might be a good idea for any Starlink earth station to look like a hotspot from the consumer side.

    1. Re:Earth Station for Boats by Areyoukiddingme · · Score: 1

      As someone who works on boats at sea, the prospect of having personal broadband at work is a dream come true. However, considering that they're steel boats (so the decks will reflect the signal), what is needed is a way to use a single antenna on the top of the vessel to connect with multiple customers inside the vessel. Employers aren't going to want to pay for very much data for employees, and as an employee, I'd rather pay for my own, so as not to be restricted by what my employer might allocate.

      The high end subscription from Starlink is supposed to be 1 gigabit per second service. Sharing that on a boat won't be any problem at all. You could share that to every passenger on a monster cruise ship and still have everyone be fairly content.

      In fact, it might be a good idea for any Starlink earth station to look like a hotspot from the consumer side.

      This seems likely to happen. The antennas require line of sight to the sky and the signal can not go through walls or ceilings. They're using a very high frequency signal that does not penetrate structures. Since the antenna will likely be roof mounted, it would make sense to include integrated WiFi to reduce the required number of cables (power only, in that case). That's one option. Another, and possibly more likely option because of operating environment concerns, is a coax cable to the antenna on a roof going to a box somewhere in the structure you want to service. That box accepts power and provides ethernet ports and probably wifi just as most ISP boxes do today. It'll be a router. That keeps the electronics that really prefer operating at room temperature from having to be more expensive to tolerate cooking in roof summer heat.

    2. Re:Earth Station for Boats by John.Banister · · Score: 1

      Hopefully it will be possible for the antenna owner to share use of the antenna with other people who have separate accounts. While I have no doubt that Starlink is willing to sell service at a data rate that would allow one to be a remote area ISP, I doubt that commercial boat owners would ever be willing to subscribe at that rate. Whereas they might allow others to also use the antenna so long as the data rate for their own connection didn't fall (which the single account rate you suggest indicates single antenna capacity might well allow that to be the case).